Influencer advertising on TikTok: advert formats and illicit product advertising. A study involving Germany, France, Spain and Italy

Advertising by influencers on YouTube and Instagram has become a common practice, which includes the incorporation of advertising into their audio-visual productions as well. This study is being conducted to determine whether TikTok users from Germany, France, Spain, and Italy are using the social network to advertise products and services, and whether they are promoting products that are banned by TikTok. Using content analysis, 320 videos from 16 European tiktokers in Germany, France, Spain and Italy have been studied based on gender and nationality. The tiktokers ranged between 17 and 21 years of age with more than one million followers. The results confirm that tiktokers maintain a balance between the content they post and the advertising they insert. Both genders include a similar percentage of advertising and, based on nationality, French and Spanish tiktokers are the ones who use the most advertising in their work. Product placement is the most popular format for tiktokers of both genders in France, Spain and Germany, whereas branded content is preferred by Italian male tiktokers. None of the tiktokers of the four nationalities have violated the rules imposed by TikTok, as they have refrained from publishing illicit or dangerous products, either because of measures being taken by the social network itself to limit the exposure to these types of products, or as the result of self-regulation by the tiktokers in order to avoid being removed from the social network.La inserción de contenidos publicitarios se ha convertido en una práctica habitual en las redes sociales de los influencers en YouTube e Instagram y comprende la incorporación de formatos publicitarios en sus producciones audiovisuales. Para averiguar si está ocurriendo lo mismo en TikTok, se analiza si los tiktokers de Alemania, Francia, España e Italia están utilizando esta red social para promocionar productos y servicios, y si en ellos incluyen publicidad de productos prohibidos por la red social. Mediante una metodología de análisis de contenido, se estudian 320 vídeos de 16 tiktokers europeos (Alemania, Francia, España e Italia) de entre 17 y 21 años con más de un millón de seguidores, a tenor de su sexo y nacionalidad. Los resultados confirman que los tiktokers mantienen un equilibrio entre los contenidos que publican y la publicidad que insertan. Los dos sexos incorporan similar porcentaje de publicidad, y por nacionalidad son los franceses y españoles los que más formatos publicitarios incorporan. El product placement es la fórmula preferida por titkokers de ambos géneros franceses, españoles y alemanes, y el branded content, por los tiktokers masculinos italianos. Ningún tiktoker de las cuatro nacionalidades infringe las directrices impuestas por TikTok publicando productos ilícitos o peligrosos, ya sea por las medidas tomadas por esta red social para limitar la exposición de este tipo de productos o por la autorregulación de los tiktokers para no ser expulsados de la red social

A comprehensive asteroseismic modelling of the high-amplitude delta Scuti star RV Arietis

We present a comprehensive asteroseismic study of the double-mode high-amplitude delta Scuti star HD 187642 (RV Arietis). The modelling includes some of the most recent techniques: 1) effects of rotation on both equilibrium models and adiabatic oscillation spectrum, 2) non-adiabatic study of radial and non-radial modes, 3) relationship between the fundamental radial mode and the first overtone in the framework of Petersen diagrams. The analysis reveals that two of the observed frequencies are very probably identified as the fundamental and first overtone radial modes. Analysis of the colour index variations, together with theoretical non-adiabatic calculations, points to models in the range of [7065,7245] K in effective temperature and of [1190, 1270] Myr in stellar age. These values were found to be compatible with those obtained using the three other asteroseismic techniques.Comment: accepted for publication in A&

Geomorphological mapping of granite caves

[Abstract] The aim is to develop a mapping which represents the relief and the form (morphology) of granite caves and associated superficial structures

Synthesis of Fused Polycyclic Indoles by Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Intramolecular Alkylation of Indoles with Alcohols

An efficient methodology for the synthesis of a series of new fused polyclyclic indoles has been developed by Brønsted acidcatalyzed intramolecular Friedel−Crafts reactions of properly designed indolyl alcohols.Ministerio de Economiá y Competitividad (MINECO) and FEDER (CTQ2013-48937- C2-1-P) and Junta de Castilla y León (BU237U13

Physicochemical characterization of blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) juices from 55 cultivars grown in Northern Spain

Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) cultivation has experienced a notable increase both for its good organoleptic characteristics and the nutritional and functional properties of this berry. The aim of this study was the physicochemical characterization of blueberry juices obtained from 55 blueberry cultivars grown under the same environmental conditions for 2–4 years. The results provide a broad and robust database, both for the number of cultivars and the periods of monitoring thereof, in order to cover different aspects of blueberry processing, and more specifically, production of juices. Blueberries belonging to V. virgatum cultivars showed the higher values of total anthocyanin content, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, soluble solids, and pH, and V. corymbosum cultivars the higher level of titratable acidity. Results also showed a high variability among cultivars. Observed variations can be used in plant breeding and classification of blueberry cultivars, at least, at the species level