Effect of Osmo-Priming with Polyethylene Glycol 6000 (PEG-6000) on Rice Seed (Oryza sativa L.) Germination and Seedling Growth Under Drought Stress

One of the efforts to increase rice production is by extensive farming through the utilization of marginal lands affected by drought. The present study aims to examine the influence of seed priming with PEG 6000 on rice seed germination and growth of rice seedlings in drought conditions and to group the rice varieties tested based on their tolerance to drought, and determine priming formulations for early adaptation of rice seedsthat can be used by farmers and industry.  The research was organized in the form of a Split Plot Design with Randomized Group Design. TheMain Plot is a rice variety, consisting of 10 levels, i.e., Inpari 31, Inpari 33, Inpari 36, Inpari 39, Inpari 40, Inpago 8, Inpago 10, Mekongga,Rindang 1 and Rindang 2. While the Split Plot is a concentration of PEG, which consists of 5 levels, i.e., without soaking as negative controlconcentration 0 g L-1 PEG as positive control, and 50, 100, and 150 g L-1 PEG-6000.  Each of these treatments is repeated three times, so thereare 150 observation units. Results showed that among the 10 varieties tested, there were 2 less tolerant varieties with scores of 5-10 (Inpari 31and Inpari 39), 5 varieties are quite tolerant with a score of 11-16 (Inpari 33, Inpari 36, Inpari 40, Inpagi 10 and Mekongga) and 3 varieties are very tolerant with a score of 17-22 (Rindang 1, Rindang 2 and Inpago 8) with priming concentrations of 100 g L-1 PEG-6000 for 36 hours

Comparison Between Hydro- and Osmo-priming to Determine Period Needed for Priming Indicator and Its Effect on Germination Percentage of Aerobic Rice Cultivars (Oryza Sativa L.)

This study compared hydro- and osmo-priming to determine period needed for seed priming indicator to emerge and its effect against water stress on germination percentage of some aerobic rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.). Experiments were arranged in completely randomized design using three aerobic rice cultivars and PEG with four replications. Rice varieties (Inpago-8, IR64 and Situ Bagendit) were combined with four different PEG concentrations. Drought stress was simulated by different PEG solutions and with distilled water as control. Results indicated differentiations between hydro and on priming indicator time, while varietal difference was not significant. Fastest recorded time was obtained between 30-36 hours under hydro priming, PEG 100 g L-1 (63-69 hours) and 83-93 hours in PEG 200 g L-1 solution. Thus showing increased solution concentration led to prolonged priming indicator time. The highest germination percentage was obtained in Situ Bagendit treated with PEG 200 mg L-1 (90.25%) and the lowest obtained in Inpago-8 (75.75%) under control. It is better to use osmo-priming (PEG 200 g L-1) for teaching aerobic rice seed against drought stress. More research is needed to confirm benefits of seed treatment with PEG to cultivated crops under water stress, drought and salinity conditions

Selection of early maturing and high yielding mutants of Toraja Local Red Rice Grown from M2-M3 Population after Ion Beam Irradiation

This study aims to obtain the genotype of local Toraja red rice M2 mutants that have the potential to be developed into early maturing varieties and have high yields. Research carried out with a mass selection method consisting of two irradiation treatments, namely: (1) irradiation with a Carbon ion dose of 150 Gy (PL-C); (2) irradiation with Argon ion dose of 10 Gy (PL-A) and control as a comparison. Selected strains of M2 seed population were planted in experimental strains plus 2 strains as control, each row had 50 plants. Selection is done in two stages. The first stage, the selection is based on the criteria of plant growth components, to select rice plants that have early-middle age characters, dwarf-semi-dwarf, and many tillers. The second stage, selected strains from the scoring method were then grouped based on the degree of similarity with the cluster analysis method. Irradiation with ion beams produces mutants with shorter harvest times than their parents, with the harvest time 16-17 days or 10% shorter compared to their parents. This study produced 10 selected strains, 5 strains of carbon ion and 5 strains of argon ion irradiation treatment, and formed 5 groups with a 90% similarity coefficient

Influence of urea fertilizer applied with polyacrylate polymer, zeolite and Mimba on growth maize

This research was carried out to study the growth of maize fertilized with a composite of urea with slow release materials (polyacrylate polymer and zeolite) and nitrification inhibitors, Mimba (Azadirachta indica). Three times repetitions of Randomized Block design was used in this study. The parameters observed included biomass (g), the weight of cobs (g) and the length of cobs (cm). The weight and the length of corn cobs were measured after harvest. The result of the study shows that the growth of maize applied with urea fertilizer composited with polymeric polyacrylate, zeolite and Mimba was significantly different from the negative control (KH2PO4/Mono potassium phosphate) fertilizer and appeared to be significantly better than the positive control (Urea and KH2PO4 fertilizers)

Influence of urea fertilizer applied with polyacrylate polymer, zeolite and Mimba on growth maize

Abstract This research was carried out to study the growth of maize fertilized with a composite of urea with slow release materials (polyacrylate polymer and zeolite) and nitrification inhibitors, Mimba (Azadirachta indica). Three times repetitions of Randomized Block design was used in this study. The parameters observed included biomass (g), the weight of cobs (g) and the length of cobs (cm). The weight and the length of corn cobs were measured after harvest. The result of the study shows that the growth of maize applied with urea fertilizer composited with polymeric polyacrylate, zeolite and Mimba was significantly different from the negative control (KH2PO4/Mono potassium phosphate) fertilizer and appeared to be significantly better than the positive control (Urea and KH2PO4 fertilizers)

Katokkon Pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) Ploidy Determination by Morphological Characteristic and Flow Cytometry Analysis

Katokkon pepper plant is originated from Toraja, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. This endemic pepper variety has unique hot and spicy characters with a distinctive bell pepper aroma, and aesthetic shape similar to paprika, but with smaller size. This research was conducted to identify ploidy level and plant morphology of colchicine induced Katokkon pepper at Laboratory of Plant Reproduction Bioscience and Biotechnology, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin and experimental field of Agricultural Extension System Vocational High School Santo Paulus Tana Toraja (S 03°04’177” E 119°51’526”). Two weeks old seedlings were immersed for 4.5 hours in colchicine concentration (0.00%, 0.0125%, 0.025%, 0.05% and 0.10%). Flow cytometry analysis was carried out using Partec Cy-Flow SpaceTM. Result showed that colchicine concentration (0.025%, 0.05% and 0.1%) produced mixoploid plants with two set of chromosomes (2n=24, 4n=48). This study also found morphological differences between mixoploids plants induced by 0.025%, 0.05% and 0.1% colchicine and diploid plants (0% and 0.0125% colchicine) during first two juvenile leaves phase. However, this difference did not occur further, and eventually morphology of adult mixoploid plant was not significantly different from control (diploid), which concurred to grading mixoploid grade 2. The mixoploid plants analyzed consist of higher diploids cells than tetraploid

POTENSI 2-IP DAN TDZ PADA PERBANYAKAN TUNAS CABAI KATOKKON (CAPSICUM ANNUUM VAR. CHINENSE) SECARA IN VITRO

Katokkon chili is a specific flora location in Toraja, South Sulawesi highlands that is unique compared to other types of chili peppers. Katokkon chili has a powerful and sharp distinctive aroma with a very high level of spiciness. Tissue culture could be a technique that is promising for breeding Katokkon. This study aims to determine the effect of using natural at a dose of potent 2-iP and synthetic TDZ growth regulators at various concentrations on the initiation of embryonic callus from callus explant. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Bioscience and Reproduction Biotechnology, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, in July-November 2022. This study was designed as an experiment it using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) pattern with six treatments, each with three plicates. Callus was cultured on MS media with concentrations of 2-iP (1.0 mg L-1, 1.5 mg L-1, and 2.0 mg L-1) and TDZ (0.25 mg L-1, 0.5 mg L-1, and 1.0 mg L-1). The results showed that the administration of 2-iP and TDZ only formed roots and did not form buds. It gave 2-iP 1.0 mg L-1 formed roots on day 79 after plant culture with an average root length of 0.55 cm. The administration of TDZ 0.25 mg L-1 roots appeared on day 84 after pant culture with an average root length of 0.3 cm. A treatment of TDZ (1.0 mg L-1) and 2-iP (2.0 mg L-1) gave the best effect on callus weight Katokkon callus were compact in texture on administering 2-iP and TDZ. Callus changes color from white to green (embryogenic), and some experience browning.Cabai katokkon merupakan flora spesifik dari dataran tinggi Toraja-Sulawesi yang memiliki keunikan dibanding dengan cabai paprika jenis lainnya. Cabai katokkon memiliki aroma khas yang sangat kuat dan tajam dengan tingkat kepedasan yang sangat tinggi. Teknik kultur jaringan sangat menjanjikan untuk pemuliaan tanaman katokkon.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan zat pengatur tumbuh alami jenis 2-iP dan sintetis jenis TDZ pada berbagai konsentrasi terhadap inisiasi tunas-tunas dari eksplan kalus.  Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Biosains dan Bioteknologi Reproduksi Tanaman, Departemen Budidaya Pertanian Fakultas Pertanian dan Unit Perbenihan Tanaman Teaching Industry, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar pada bulan Juli-November. Penelitian ini menggunakan pola rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 6 perlakuan, masing-masing 3 ulangan. Kalus dikulturkan pada media MS dengan konsentrasi 2-iP (1,0 mg L-1, 1,5 mg L-1 dan 2,0 mg L-1) dan TDZ (0,25 mg L-1, 0,5 mg L-1 dan 1,0 mg L-1). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Pemberian 2-iP dan TDZ hanya membentuk akar tidak membentuk tunas. Pemberian 2-iP  1,0 mg L-1  membentuk akar pada hari 79 hst dengan rata-rata panjang akar 0,55 cm. Pada pemberian TDZ 0,25 mg L-1 akar muncul pada hari ke 84 hst dengan rata-rata panjang akar 0,3 cm. Pemberian TDZ (1,0 mg L-1) dan 2-IP  (2,0 mg L-1) memberikan pengaruh terbaik terhadap berat kalus Kalus Katokkon rata-rata bertekstur kompak baik pada pemberian 2-iP  maupun TDZ. Kalus mengalami perubahan warna dari putih menjadi hijau dan sebagian mengalami pencoklata

POTENSI 2-IP DAN TDZ PADA PERBANYAKAN TUNAS CABAI KATOKKON (CAPSICUM ANNUUM VAR. CHINENSE) SECARA IN VITRO

Katokkon chili is a specific flora location in Toraja, South Sulawesi highlands that is unique compared to other types of chili peppers. Katokkon chili has a powerful and sharp distinctive aroma with a very high level of spiciness. Tissue culture could be a technique that is promising for breeding Katokkon. This study aims to determine the effect of using natural at a dose of potent 2-iP and synthetic TDZ growth regulators at various concentrations on the initiation of embryonic callus from callus explant. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Bioscience and Reproduction Biotechnology, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, in July-November 2022. This study was designed as an experiment it using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) pattern with six treatments, each with three plicates. Callus was cultured on MS media with concentrations of 2-iP (1.0 mg L-1, 1.5 mg L-1, and 2.0 mg L-1) and TDZ (0.25 mg L-1, 0.5 mg L-1, and 1.0 mg L-1). The results showed that the administration of 2-iP and TDZ only formed roots and did not form buds. It gave 2-iP 1.0 mg L-1 formed roots on day 79 after plant culture with an average root length of 0.55 cm. The administration of TDZ 0.25 mg L-1 roots appeared on day 84 after pant culture with an average root length of 0.3 cm. A treatment of TDZ (1.0 mg L-1) and 2-iP (2.0 mg L-1) gave the best effect on callus weight Katokkon callus were compact in texture on administering 2-iP and TDZ. Callus changes color from white to green (embryogenic), and some experience browning.Cabai katokkon merupakan flora spesifik dari dataran tinggi Toraja-Sulawesi yang memiliki keunikan dibanding dengan cabai paprika jenis lainnya. Cabai katokkon memiliki aroma khas yang sangat kuat dan tajam dengan tingkat kepedasan yang sangat tinggi. Teknik kultur jaringan sangat menjanjikan untuk pemuliaan tanaman katokkon.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan zat pengatur tumbuh alami jenis 2-iP dan sintetis jenis TDZ pada berbagai konsentrasi terhadap inisiasi tunas-tunas dari eksplan kalus.  Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Biosains dan Bioteknologi Reproduksi Tanaman, Departemen Budidaya Pertanian Fakultas Pertanian dan Unit Perbenihan Tanaman Teaching Industry, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar pada bulan Juli-November. Penelitian ini menggunakan pola rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 6 perlakuan, masing-masing 3 ulangan. Kalus dikulturkan pada media MS dengan konsentrasi 2-iP (1,0 mg L-1, 1,5 mg L-1 dan 2,0 mg L-1) dan TDZ (0,25 mg L-1, 0,5 mg L-1 dan 1,0 mg L-1). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Pemberian 2-iP dan TDZ hanya membentuk akar tidak membentuk tunas. Pemberian 2-iP  1,0 mg L-1  membentuk akar pada hari 79 hst dengan rata-rata panjang akar 0,55 cm. Pada pemberian TDZ 0,25 mg L-1 akar muncul pada hari ke 84 hst dengan rata-rata panjang akar 0,3 cm. Pemberian TDZ (1,0 mg L-1) dan 2-IP  (2,0 mg L-1) memberikan pengaruh terbaik terhadap berat kalus Kalus Katokkon rata-rata bertekstur kompak baik pada pemberian 2-iP  maupun TDZ. Kalus mengalami perubahan warna dari putih menjadi hijau dan sebagian mengalami pencoklata