215 research outputs found
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Bernstein-von Mises theorems for statistical inverse problems I: Schrödinger equation
© European Mathematical Society 2020 We consider the inverse problem of determining the potential f > 0 in the partial differential equation 1 2 u − fu = 0 on O, u = g on ∂O, where O is a bounded C∞-domain in Rd and g > 0 is a given function prescribing boundary values. The data consist of the solution u corrupted by additive Gaussian noise. A nonparametric Bayesian prior for the function f is devised and a Bernstein-von Mises theorem is proved which entails that the posterior distribution given the observations is approximated in a suitable function space by an infinite-dimensional Gaussian measure that has a 'minimal' covariance structure in an information-theoretic sense. As a consequence the posterior distribution performs valid and optimal frequentist statistical inference on various aspects of f in the small noise limit
Consistency of Bayesian inference with Gaussian process priors in an elliptic inverse problem
For a bounded domain in and a given smooth
function , we consider the statistical nonlinear
inverse problem of recovering the conductivity in the divergence form
equation from discrete noisy point
evaluations of the solution on . We study the statistical
performance of Bayesian nonparametric procedures based on a flexible class of
Gaussian (or hierarchical Gaussian) process priors, whose implementation is
feasible by MCMC methods. We show that, as the number of measurements
increases, the resulting posterior distributions concentrate around the true
parameter generating the data, and derive a convergence rate for the reconstruction error of the associated posterior means, in
-distance
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Efficient nonparametric bayesian inference for X-ray transforms
We consider the statistical inverse problem of recovering a function , where is a smooth compact Riemannian manifold with
boundary, from measurements of general -ray transforms of ,
corrupted by additive Gaussian noise. For equal to the unit disk with
`flat' geometry and this reduces to the standard Radon transform, but our
general setting allows for anisotropic media and can further model local
`attenuation' effects -- both highly relevant in practical imaging problems
such as SPECT tomography. We propose a nonparametric Bayesian inference
approach based on standard Gaussian process priors for . The posterior
reconstruction of corresponds to a Tikhonov regulariser with a reproducing
kernel Hilbert space norm penalty that does not require the calculation of the
singular value decomposition of the forward operator . We prove
Bernstein-von Mises theorems that entail that posterior-based inferences such
as credible sets are valid and optimal from a frequentist point of view for a
large family of semi-parametric aspects of . In particular we derive the
asymptotic distribution of smooth linear functionals of the Tikhonov
regulariser, which is shown to attain the semi-parametric Cram\'er-Rao
information bound. The proofs rely on an invertibility result for the `Fisher
information' operator between suitable function spaces, a result of
independent interest that relies on techniques from microlocal analysis. We
illustrate the performance of the proposed method via simulations in various
settings
cGMP-dependent protein kinase from Toxoplasma gondii: functional expression in E. coli and molecular characterization
Совершенствование конструкции плоскореза глубокорыхлителя КПГ-250 в условиях КФХ "Правда" Беловского района, Кемеровской области
Объектом исследования является плоскорежущая лапа глубокорыхлителя КПГ-250.
Цель работы – повышение качества обработки почвы, с совершенствованием конструкции глубокорыхлителя КПГ-250.
повышение эффективности уборки зерновых культур, с разработкой конструкции
В процессе исследования проводились технологические и конструкторские расчеты
В результате исследования предложены мероприятия по снижению уплотнения почвы, а также конструкторские решения по повышению эффективности обработки почвы культиватором КПГ-250.The object of the study is flat-cutting paw cultivator KPG-250. Purpose – to improve the quality of the soil, by improving the design of the chisel KPG-250. Improving the efficiency of cleaning of grain crops, with the development of the design. In the process of research was conducted technological and design calculations
The study proposed measures to reduce soil compaction, and design solutions for improving the effectiveness of soil treatment with cultivator KPG-250
Functionalized Fullerene for Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Variants
As virus outbreaks continue to pose a challenge, a nonspecific viral inhibitor can provide significant benefits, especially against respiratory viruses. Polyglycerol sulfates recently emerge as promising agents that mediate interactions between cells and viruses through electrostatics, leading to virus inhibition. Similarly, hydrophobic C60 fullerene can prevent virus infection via interactions with hydrophobic cavities of surface proteins. Here, two strategies are combined to inhibit infection of SARS-CoV-2 variants in vitro. Effective inhibitory concentrations in the millimolar range highlight the significance of bare fullerene's hydrophobic moiety and electrostatic interactions of polysulfates with surface proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, microscale thermophoresis measurements support that fullerene linear polyglycerol sulfates interact with the SARS-CoV-2 virus via its spike protein, and highlight importance of electrostatic interactions within it. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the fullerene binding site is situated close to the receptor binding domain, within 4 nm of polyglycerol sulfate binding sites, feasibly allowing both portions of the material to interact simultaneously
The Impact of the Physical Environment on Intrapartum Maternity Care: Identification of Eight Crucial Building Spaces.
OBJECTIVES, PURPOSE, OR AIM: This article investigates whether the physical environment in which childbirth occurs impacts the intrapartum intervention rates and how this might happen. The study explores the spatial physical characteristics that can support the design of spaces to promote the health and well-being of women, their supporters, and maternity care professionals. BACKGROUND: Medical interventions during childbirth have consequences for the health of women and babies in the immediate and long term. The increase in interventions is multifactorial and may be influenced by the model of care adopted, the relationships between caregivers and the organizational culture, which is made up of many factors, including the built environment. In the field of birth architecture research, there is a gap in the description of the physical characteristics of birth environments that impact users' health. METHOD: A scoping review on the topic was performed to understand the direct and indirect impacts of the physical environment on birth intervention rates. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The findings are organized into three tables reporting the influence that the physical characteristics of a space might have on people's behaviors, experiences, practices and birth health outcomes. Eight building spaces that require further investigation and research were highlighted: unit layout configuration, midwives' hub/desk, social room, birth philosophy vectors, configuration of the birth room, size and shape of the birth room, filter, and sensory elements. CONCLUSIONS: The findings show the importance of considering the physical environment in maternity care and that further interdisciplinary studies focused on architectural design are needed to enrich the knowledge and evidence on this topic and to develop accurate recommendations for designers
The Many Virtues of Second Nature : Habitus in Latin Medieval Philosophy
This chapter consists of a systematic introduction to the nature and function of habitus in Latin medieval philosophy. Over the course of this introduction, several topics are treated: the theoretical necessity to posit habitus; their nature; their causal contribution to the production of internal and external acts; how and why habitus can grow and decay; what makes their unity when they can have multiple objects and work in clusters. Finally we examine two specific questions: why intellectual habitus represent a special case that triggered considerable debate; how human beings can be said to be free if their actions are determined by moral habitus
On strong causal binomial approximation for stochastic processes
This paper considers binomial approximation of continuous time stochastic processes. It is shown that, under some mild integrability conditions, a process can be approximated in mean square sense and in other strong metrics by binomial processes, i.e., by processes with fixed size binary increments at sampling points. Moreover, this approximation can be causal, i.e., at every time it requires only past historical values of the underlying process. In addition, possibility of approximation of solutions of stochastic differential equations by solutions of ordinary equations with binary noise is established. Some consequences for the financial modelling and options pricing models are discussed
High sensitive troponin T and heart fatty acid binding protein: Novel biomarker in heart failure with normal ejection fraction?: A cross-sectional study
Background:
High sensitive troponin T (hsTnT) and heart fatty acid binding protein (hFABP) are both markers of myocardial injury and predict adverse outcome in patients with systolic heart failure (SHF). We tested whether hsTnT and hFABP plasma levels are elevated in patients with heart failure with normal ejection fraction (HFnEF).
Methods:
We analyzed hsTnT, hFABP and N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide in 130 patients comprising 49 HFnEF patients, 51 patients with asymptomatic left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), and 30 controls with normal diastolic function. Patients were classified to have HFnEF when the diagnostic criteria as recommended by the European Society of Cardiology were met.
Results:
Levels of hs TnT and hFABP were significantly higher in patients with asymptomatic LVDD and HFnEF (both p < 0.001) compared to controls. The hsTnT levels were 5.6 [0.0-9.8] pg/ml in LVDD vs. 8.5 [3.9-17.5] pg/ml in HFnEF vs. < 0.03 [< 0.03-6.4] pg/ml in controls; hFABP levels were 3029 [2533-3761] pg/ml in LVDD vs. 3669 [2918-4839] pg/ml in HFnEF vs. 2361 [1860-3081] pg/ml in controls. Furthermore, hsTnT and hFABP levels were higher in subjects with HFnEF compared to LVDD (p = 0.015 and p = 0.022).
Conclusion:
In HFnEF patients, hsTnT and hFABP are elevated independent of coronary artery disease, suggesting that ongoing myocardial damage plays a critical role in the pathophysiology. A combination of biomarkers and echocardiographic parameters might improve diagnostic accuracy and risk stratification of patients with HFnEF
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