The impact of different concentrations of a pyrethroid insecticide on the cyclic gas exchange cycles on bumble bees

contribution to session II Bumblebees and other bee specie

Ultrafast electronic processes in an insulator The Be and O sites in BeO

The short time dynamics of amorphous beryllium oxide a BeO has been investigated for electronic excitation ionization by fast incident electrons, as well as by Ar7 , Ar15 , Xe15 , and Xe31 ions at velocities of 6 10 the speed of light. Site specific Auger electron spectra induced by fast heavy ions are the central point of this investigation. Electron induced Auger spectra serve as a reference and electron energy loss EELS spectroscopy as well as resonant inelastic X ray scattering RIXS are invoked for quantitative understanding. For the heavy ion case, we observe strong variations in the corresponding spectral distributions of Be K and O K Auger lines. These are related to local changes of the electron density, of the electron temperature and even of the electronic band structure of BeO on a femtosecond time scale after the passage of highly charged heavy ions

Discontinuous gas exchange cycles and active ventilation in pupae of the bumblebee Bombus terrestris

Discontinuous release of CO2 (bursts) or discontinuous gas exchange cycles (DGC), metabolic rate (MR) and ventilation movements were simultaneously recorded from the pupae of the bumblebee Bombus terrestris by means of an electrolytic respirometer and an infrared gas analyser (IRGA) combined with an infrared actograph (IRA). After recovering from stress, the early stage pupae showed irregular continuous respiration, mid-stage pupae displayed regular DGC. The bursts of CO2 release tended to coincide with abdominal contractions. In late stage pupae all bursts of CO2 were associated with active ventilation. During interburst periods, spikes appeared on the respirograms interpreted as micro-cycles of passive suction ventilation (PSV). After removal from their cocoons, the pupae exhibited frequent periods of muscular activity due to stress. Water loss of pupae inside cocoons was significantly less than that from pupae without cocoons

Strong and chemically inert sinter crystallised glass ceramics based on Estonian oil shale ash

In heat and power production, oil shale combustion forms substantial amounts of solid waste, including fly ash. The present paper is dedicated to the manufacturing of frit derived glass ceramics from melting high amounts of this waste (65\u201367 wt-%) combined with inexpensive minerals, such as rhyolite (33\u201335 wt-%). Owing to a surface mechanism of crystallisation, fine powders led to glass ceramics with high strength and reliability, even for rapid treatments (fast heating, at a rate of 40uC min21, followed by 30 min holding stage). To minimise the presence of pressing and demoulding induced defects, the tiles were prepared by incorporating binders, i.e. polyethylene glycol or kaolin, to the frit mixtures. Finally, the stabilising effect of recycled borosilicate glass powders, mixed with waste derived glass powders, was also investigated with promising results for the production of a chemically stable material