Presión arterial : ¿esfigmomanómetro manual o digital?

El presente es un estudio prospectivo y comparativo entre la medición de la presión arterial obtenida de manera manual con esfigmomanómetro aneroide y la obtenida mediante monitor automático. El desarrollo de la práctica se realizó sobre un grupo de 100 pacientes hospitalizados en el servicio de Neurocirugía y Otorrinolaringología del Consorcio Hospital General de Valencia durante el primer trimestre del año 2007, mediante mediciones secuenciales y efectuadas por el mismo observador con ambos aparatos bien calibrados. Se observó mediante el método de correlación bivariada de Pearson que no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las presiones tomadas por ambos aparatos determinando así la fiabilidad del aparato automático utilizado en esta sala para el registro de la tensión arterial.This is a prospective and comparative work between arterial pressure obtained through manual measurement with aneroid sphygmomanometer and the arterial pressure obtained through automatic monitor. The practice was carried out in a group of 100 inpatients in the Neurosurgery and Otolaryngology Service in the Consortium of the General Hospital of Valencia during the first term of 2007. The development of this hospital training was made on each individual through sequential measurements and executed by the same observer with both well-calibrated machines. It was observed that through the method of Pearson's bivaried correlation there are not statistically significant differences between the pressures taken by both machines. As regards this fact, both automatic machines of arterial pressure register are [email protected] [email protected]

Heterogeneous oxygen availability affects the titer and topology but not the fidelity of plasmid DNA produced by Escherichia coli

Jaen KE, Sigala J-C, Olivares-Hernandez R, Niehaus K, Lara AR. Heterogeneous oxygen availability affects the titer and topology but not the fidelity of plasmid DNA produced by Escherichia coli. BMC BIOTECHNOLOGY. 2017;17(1): 60.Background: Dissolved oxygen tension (DOT) is hardly constant and homogenously distributed in a bioreactor, which can have a negative impact in the metabolism and product synthesis. However, the effects of DOT on plasmid DNA (pDNA) production and quality have not been thoroughly investigated. In the present study, the effects of aerobic (DOT >= 30% air sat.), microaerobic (constant DOT = 3% air sat.) and oscillatory DOT (from 0 to 100% air sat.) conditions on pDNA production, quality and host performance were characterized. Results: Microaerobic conditions had little effect on pDNA production, supercoiled fraction and sequence fidelity. By contrast, oscillatory DOT caused a 22% decrease in pDNA production compared with aerobic cultures. Although in aerobic cultures the pDNA supercoiled fraction was 98%, it decreased to 80% under heterogeneous DOT conditions. The different oxygen availabilities had no effect on the fidelity of the produced pDNA. The estimated metabolic fluxes indicated substantial differences at the level of the pentose phosphate pathway and TCA cycle under different conditions. Cyclic changes in fermentative pathway fluxes, as well as fast shifts in the fluxes through cytochromes, were also estimated. Model-based genetic modifications that can potentially improve the process performance are suggested. Conclusions: DOT heterogeneities strongly affected cell performance, pDNA production and topology. This should be considered when operating or scaling-up a bioreactor with deficient mixing. Constant microaerobic conditions affected the bacterial metabolism but not the amount or quality of pDNA. Therefore, pDNA production in microaerobic cultures may be an alternative for bioreactor operation at higher oxygen transfer rates

STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION TOWARDS SCIENCE LEARNING (SMTSL) OF STEM STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITY OF BATANGAS, LIPA CITY

The main purpose of the study is to identify the levels of motivation of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) students in University of Batangas, Lipa City (UBLC). It is necessary as motivation serves as a foundation for better understanding of concepts in an academic setting. The respondents are 111 grade 11 students who are enrolled during the Academic Year 2016-2017. The researchers assess the levels of motivation of students across four (4) sections of STEM strand. The research utilized a questionnaire SMTSL (Students Motivation Towards Science Learning), a survey questionnaire developed by Tuan, Chin, & Shieh (2005) which is composed of questions which is divided into six (6) domains of motivation namely, self-efficacy, active learning strategies, science learning value, performance goal, achievement goal and learning environment stimulation. Results showed that achievement goal ranked first (1st) among the six (6) domains. This suggests that students have satisfaction in every time they increase their competence in attaining achievements during science class. On the other hand, the data recognizes the performance goal as the least factor. However, the data shows that students do not agree nor disagree whether their goals towards science learning are to compete with other or simply get attention from the teacher. Based on these findings, it is recommended that UBLC considers factors of motivation in implementing science curriculum. This research will not only help students in understanding their motivation but will also help the institution to promote a better environment for learning. Additionally, the study will serve as a foundation for future researches related in assessment of motivation of students towards learning.

Stigmatizing attitudes of primary care professionals towards people with mental disorders: a systematic review

Objective: To examine stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental disorders among primary care professionals, and to identify potential factors related to stigmatizing attitudes through a systematic review. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in Medline, Lilacs, IBECS, Index Psicologia, CUMED, MedCarib, Sec. Est. Saúde SP, WHOLIS, Hanseníase, LIS-Localizador de Informação em Saúde, PAHO, CVSO-Regional and Latindex, through the Virtual Health Library portal (http://www.bireme.br website) through to June 2017. The articles included in the review were summarized through a narrative synthesis. Results: After applying eligibility criteria, eleven articles, out of 19.109 references identified, were included in the review. Primary care physicians do present stigmatizing attitudes towards patients with mental disorders, and show more negative attitudes towards patients with schizophrenia than towards those with depression. Older and more experience doctors have more stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental illness compared with younger and less experienced doctors. Health care providers who endorse more stigmatizing attitudes towards mental illness were likely to be more pessimistic about the patient's adherence to treatment. Conclusions: Stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental disorders are common among physicians in primary care settings, particularly among older and more experienced doctors. Stigmatizing attitudes can act as an important barrier for patients to receive the treatment they need. The primary care physicians feel they need better preparation, training and information to deal with and to treat mental illness, such as a user friendly and pragmatic classification system that addresses the high prevalence of mental disorders in primary care and community settings

Formation and stabilization of multiple water-in-water-in-water (W/W/W) emulsions

Multiple Water-in-Water-in-Water (W/W/W) emulsions have been prepared, stabilized and characterized. The main objective has been to find a simple and low-cost method for the preparation of W/W/W emulsions. The system composed of gelatin, maltodextrin and water has been used, and two different methods have been studied for producing multiple emulsions in this system. In the first method, maltodextrin-in-gelatin (M/G) emulsions with small droplet size were formed by pH-induced nucleation of maltodextrin droplets, and afterwards, maltodextrinin-gelatin-in-maltodextrin (M/G/M) multiple emulsions were obtained by dispersing M/G droplets into maltodextrin solutions. The second method consisted in cooling down gelatin-inmaltodextrin (G/M) emulsions, leading to the spontaneous formation of inner maltodextrin droplets. The latter method allowed producing more homogenous M/G/M multiple emulsion droplets. The colloidal stability of such emulsions greatly improved with the addition of mucin particles, which is a glycoprotein that adsorbs on the G/M interface. Stable M/G/M multiple emulsions have been prepared and characterized by fluorescence optical microscopy, where contrast has been enhanced through covalently labelling the various components with fluorescent dyes. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a simple and cost-effective method for the production of multiple W/W/W emulsions, without using microfluidic techniques. Moreover, the present work also demonstrates that mucin microparticles can be effective stabilizers for protein-in-polysaccharide emulsions, and these dispersions can be easily prepared by phase transition methods

Hamiltonian formulation for the classical EM radiation-reaction problem: application to the kinetic theory for relativistic collisionless plasmas

A notorious difficulty in the covariant dynamics of classical charged particles subject to non-local electromagnetic (EM) interactions arising in the EM radiation-reaction (RR) phenomena is due to the definition of the related non-local Lagrangian and Hamiltonian systems. The lack of a standard Lagrangian/Hamiltonian formulation in the customary asymptotic approximation for the RR equation may inhibit the construction of consistent kinetic and fluid theories. In this paper the issue is investigated in the framework of Special Relativity. It is shown that, for finite-size spherically-symmetric classical charged particles, non-perturbative Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulations in standard form can be obtained, which describe particle dynamics in the presence of the exact EM RR self-force. As a remarkable consequence, based on axiomatic formulation of classical statistical mechanics, the covariant kinetic theory for systems of charged particles subject to the EM RR self-force is formulated in Hamiltonian form. A fundamental feature is that the non-local effects enter the kinetic equation only through the retarded particle 4-position, which permits the construction of the related non-local fluid equations. In particular, the moment equations obtained in this way do not contain higher-order moments, allowing as a consequence the adoption of standard closure conditions. A remarkable aspect of the theory concerns the short delay-time asymptotic expansions. Here it is shown that two possible expansions are permitted. Both can be implemented for the single-particle dynamics as well as for the corresponding kinetic and fluid treatments. In the last case, they are performed a posteriori on the relevant moment equations obtained after integration of the kinetic equation over the velocity space. Comparisons with literature are pointed out

R+R2R + R^2 Gravity as R+R + Backreaction

Quadratic theory of gravity is a complicated constraint system. We investigate some consequences of treating quadratic terms perturbatively (higher derivative version of backreaction effects). This approach is shown to overcome some well known problems associated with higher derivative theories, i.e., the physical gravitational degree of freedom remains unchanged from those of Einstein gravity. Using such an interpretation of $R + \beta R^2$ gravity, we investigate a classical and Wheeler DeWitt evolution of $R + \beta R^2$ gravity for a particular sign of $\beta$, corresponding to non- tachyon case. Matter is described by a phenomenological $\rho \propto a(t)^{-n}$. It is concluded that both the Friedmann potential $U(a)$ (${\dot a}^2 + 2U(a) = 0$) and the Wheeler DeWitt potential $W(a)$ ($\left[-{\partial^2\over \partial a^2} + 2W(a)\right]\psi (a) =0$) develop repulsive barriers near $a\approx 0$ for $n>4$ (i.e., $p > {1\over 3}\rho$). The interpretations is clear. Repulsive barrier in $U(a)$ implies that a contracting FRW universe ($k>0, k=0, k<0$) will bounce to an expansion phase without a total gravitational collapse. Repulsive barrier in $W(a)$ means that $a \approx 0$ is a classically forbidden region. Therefore, probability of finding a universe with the big bang singularity ($a=0$ ) is exponentially suppressed.Comment: Accepted for publication in Phy. Rev. D.,18 pages, 6 figures, Latex fil