557 research outputs found
Dynamic Scaling of an Adsorption-Diffusion Process on Fractals
A dynamic scaling of a diffusion process involving the Langmuir type
adsorption is studied. We find dynamic scaling functions in one and two
dimensions and compare them with direct numerical simulations, and we further
study the dynamic scaling law on fractal surfaces. The adsorption-diffusion
process obeys the fracton dynamics on the fractal surfaces.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure
Goal-oriented cognitive rehabilitation in early-stage dementia: study protocol for a multi-centre single-blind randomised controlled trial (GREAT).
yesBackground: Preliminary evidence suggests that goal-oriented cognitive rehabilitation (CR) may be a clinically
effective intervention for people with early-stage Alzheimer's disease, vascular or mixed dementia and their carers.
This study aims to establish whether CR is a clinically effective and cost-effective intervention for people with
early-stage dementia and their carers.
Methods/design: In this multi-centre, single-blind randomised controlled trial, 480 people with early-stage
dementia, each with a carer, will be randomised to receive either treatment as usual or cognitive rehabilitation
(10 therapy sessions over 3 months, followed by 4 maintenance sessions over 6 months). We will compare the
effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation with that of treatment as usual with regard to improving self-reported and
carer-rated goal performance in areas identified as causing concern by people with early-stage dementia;
improving quality of life, self-efficacy, mood and cognition of people with early-stage dementia; and reducing stress
levels and ameliorating quality of life for carers of participants with early-stage dementia. The incremental
cost-effectiveness of goal-oriented cognitive rehabilitation compared to treatment as usual will also be examined.
Discussion: If the study confirms the benefits and cost-effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation, it will be important
to examine how the goal-oriented cognitive rehabilitation approach can most effectively be integrated into routine
health-care provision. Our aim is to provide training and develop materials to support the implementation of this
approach following trial completion.
Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN2102748
Anisotropic Diffusion-Limited Reactions with Coagulation and Annihilation
One-dimensional reaction-diffusion models A+A -> 0, A+A -> A, and $A+B -> 0,
where in the latter case like particles coagulate on encounters and move as
clusters, are solved exactly with anisotropic hopping rates and assuming
synchronous dynamics. Asymptotic large-time results for particle densities are
derived and discussed in the framework of universality.Comment: 13 pages in plain Te
Exact Results for Diffusion-Limited Reactions with Synchronous Dynamics
A new method is introduced allowing to solve exactly the reactions A+A->inert
and A+A->A on the 1D lattice with synchronous diffusional dynamics
(simultaneous hopping of all particles). Exact connections are found relating
densities and certain correlation properties of these two reactions at all
times. Asymptotic behavior at large times as well as scaling form describing
the regime of low initial density, are derived explicitly.Comment: 12 pages in plain Te
Exact Solutions of Anisotropic Diffusion-Limited Reactions with Coagulation and Annihilation
We report exact results for one-dimensional reaction-diffusion models A+A ->
inert, A+A -> A, and A+B -> inert, where in the latter case like particles
coagulate on encounters and move as clusters. Our study emphasized anisotropy
of hopping rates; no changes in universal properties were found, due to
anisotropy, in all three reactions. The method of solution employed mapping
onto a model of coagulating positive integer charges. The dynamical rules were
synchronous, cellular-automaton type. All the asymptotic large-time results for
particle densities were consistent, in the framework of universality, with
other model results with different dynamical rules, when available in the
literature.Comment: 28 pages in plain TeX + 2 PostScript figure
Coupled Maps on Trees
We study coupled maps on a Cayley tree, with local (nearest-neighbor)
interactions, and with a variety of boundary conditions. The homogeneous state
(where every lattice site has the same value) and the node-synchronized state
(where sites of a given generation have the same value) are both shown to occur
for particular values of the parameters and coupling constants. We study the
stability of these states and their domains of attraction. As the number of
sites that become synchronized is much higher compared to that on a regular
lattice, control is easier to effect. A general procedure is given to deduce
the eigenvalue spectrum for these states. Perturbations of the synchronized
state lead to different spatio-temporal structures. We find that a mean-field
like treatment is valid on this (effectively infinite dimensional) lattice.Comment: latex file (25 pages), 4 figures included. To be published in Phys.
Rev.
Pediatric patient with systemic lupus erythematosus & congenital acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: An unusual case and a review of the literature
The coexistence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in patients with congenital human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is rare. This is a case report of a child diagnosed with SLE at nine years of age. She initially did well on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, hydroxychloroquine, and steroids. She then discontinued her anti-lupus medications and was lost to follow-up. At 13 years of age, her lupus symptoms had resolved and she presented with intermittent fevers, cachexia, myalgias, arthralgias, and respiratory symptoms. Through subsequent investigations, the patient was ultimately diagnosed with congenitally acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Equilibrium Properties of A Monomer-Monomer Catalytic Reaction on A One-Dimensional Chain
We study the equilibrium properties of a lattice-gas model of an catalytic reaction on a one-dimensional chain in contact with a reservoir
for the particles. The particles of species and are in thermal contact
with their vapor phases acting as reservoirs, i.e., they may adsorb onto empty
lattice sites and may desorb from the lattice. If adsorbed and
particles appear at neighboring lattice sites they instantaneously react and
both desorb. For this model of a catalytic reaction in the
adsorption-controlled limit, we derive analytically the expression of the
pressure and present exact results for the mean densities of particles and for
the compressibilities of the adsorbate as function of the chemical potentials
of the two species.Comment: 19 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Psychological predictors of 'living well' with dementia: findings from the IDEAL study.
OBJECTIVES:Increasingly, research has explored how psychological resources enable adaptation to illness. However, it is unclear whether psychological resources protect against the potential negative effects on living well with a progressive and life-limiting condition such as dementia. This paper examines the association between psychological resources and the ability to 'live well' with dementia. METHOD:Data from 1547 people with mild-to-moderate dementia in the Improving the experience of Dementia and Enhancing Active Life (IDEAL) cohort were used. Multivariate linear regression was employed to examine the association between self-reported measures of psychological resources (self-efficacy, optimism and self-esteem) and indices of capability to 'live well' (quality of life, well-being and life satisfaction). RESULTS:All three measures of psychological resources had positive and independent associations with indices of living well and the effect sizes were similar. Effect sizes reduced when accounting for shared variance between psychological resources, showing some overlap in these constructs. CONCLUSION:Self-efficacy, optimism and self-esteem were each associated with capability to 'live well'. Overlap between these three resources is evident and when combined they may provide greater resilience when dealing with the challenges of living with dementia. Interventions for people with dementia could seek to improve levels of these potentially-modifiable psychological resources.Economic and Social Research Council (UK) and the National Institute for Health Research (UK
Red wine polyphenols prevent metabolic and cardiovascular alterations associated with obesity in Zucker fatty rats (Fa/Fa)
Peer reviewedPublisher PD
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