Dimension-adaptive bounds on compressive FLD Classification

Efficient dimensionality reduction by random projections (RP) gains popularity, hence the learning guarantees achievable in RP spaces are of great interest. In finite dimensional setting, it has been shown for the compressive Fisher Linear Discriminant (FLD) classifier that forgood generalisation the required target dimension grows only as the log of the number of classes and is not adversely affected by the number of projected data points. However these bounds depend on the dimensionality d of the original data space. In this paper we give further guarantees that remove d from the bounds under certain conditions of regularity on the data density structure. In particular, if the data density does not fill the ambient space then the error of compressive FLD is independent of the ambient dimension and depends only on a notion of ‘intrinsic dimension'

Marketing research of the state of gender policy in the system of public administration of region

Представлено частину досліджень, проведених у ході проєкту «Громадська оцінка стану виконання державних документів з ґендерної рівності» спільно з Київським інститутом гендерних досліджень за фінансового підтримання. Міністерства закордонних справ Данії. Аналіз наукових праць виявив брак досліджень щодо впровадження державних документів з гендерної рівності органами місцевої влади. Метою статті було виявлення стану виконання завдань Державної соціальної програми забезпечення рівних прав та можливостей жінок і чоловіків на період до 2021 року в Тернопільській області. Використано такі методи: аналіз вторинної інформації; анкетування; спостереження; особисті інтерв’ю; метод компаративного аналізу; графічний метод; синтез; узагальнення; групування. Надіслані інформаційні запити відповідно до Закону України «Про доступ до публічної інформації» до органів виконавчої влади. Основні результати дослідження. Виявлено наступне: 1. На рівні області виконано 69% усіх передбачених Держпрограмою завдань. 2. Окремої обласної програми на виконання Держпрограми в Тернопільській області немає, заходи інтегровані в інші обласні програми з неґендерної тематики. 3. Обсяги фінансування на виконання завдань Держпрограми з обласного бюджету склали 92,5 тис грн; 4. Виконано 44% усіх заходів Держпрограми. 5. Багато заходів спрямувались на навчання галузевих спеціалістів; розвиток лідерських навичок жінок; інформаційно-просвітницьку діяльність; сприяння самозайнятості жінок. 6. Найбільшу кількість невиконаних завдань склали ті, що потребували аналітичної, організаційної, інформаційно-просвітницької роботи. 7. Обсяги фінансування на виконання завдань Державної соціальної програми склали 278,5 тис грн. Висновки й перспективи подальших розвідок. Встановлено потребу інтенсифікувати імплементацію державних документів із гендерної рівності на рівні регіону. Подальші дослідження будуть присвячені аналізу стану виконання Національного плану дій з виконання рекомендацій Комітету ООН з ліквідації дискримінації щодо жінок.Part of the research conducted during the project «Public assessment of the state of implementation of state documents on gender equality» in conjunction with the Kyiv Institute for Gender Studies with the financial support of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark is presented. The analysis of scientific works confirmed the relevance of the study of the determinants of gender policy in the context of covid-19 and revealed a lack of research on the implementation of state documents on gender equality by local authorities. The purpose of the article was to identify the state of implementation of the State Social Program to ensure equal rights and opportunities for women and men for the period up to 2021 in Ternopil region. The following methods were used: analysis of secondary information; questionnaires; observation; personal interviews; method of comparative analysis; graphic method; synthesis; generalization; grouping. Information requests were sent to the executive authorities in accordance with the Law of Ukraine «On Access to Public Information». The conducted research allows doing the followings conclusions: 1. 69% of all tasks envisaged by the State Program have been completed. 2. There is no separate regional program for the implementation of the State Program in Ternopil region; the measures are integrated into other regional non-gender programs. 3. Volumes of financing for performance of tasks of the State program from the regional budget made 92,5 thousand UAH. 4. 44% of all measures of the State Program have been implemented. 5. Many activities were aimed at training industry professionals; development of women's leadership skills; information and educational activities; promoting women's self-employment. 6. The largest number of uncompleted tasks required analytical, organizational, informational and educational work. 7. The amount of funding for the tasks of the State Social Program amounted to 278.5 thousand UAH. The need to intensify the implementation of state documents on gender equality at the regional level has been identified. Further research will focus on the analysis of the state of implementation by local authorities of the National Action Plan to implement the recommendations set out in the concluding observations of the UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Wome

User-friendly tail bounds for sums of random matrices

This paper presents new probability inequalities for sums of independent, random, self-adjoint matrices. These results place simple and easily verifiable hypotheses on the summands, and they deliver strong conclusions about the large-deviation behavior of the maximum eigenvalue of the sum. Tail bounds for the norm of a sum of random rectangular matrices follow as an immediate corollary. The proof techniques also yield some information about matrix-valued martingales. In other words, this paper provides noncommutative generalizations of the classical bounds associated with the names Azuma, Bennett, Bernstein, Chernoff, Hoeffding, and McDiarmid. The matrix inequalities promise the same diversity of application, ease of use, and strength of conclusion that have made the scalar inequalities so valuable.Comment: Current paper is the version of record. The material on Freedman's inequality has been moved to a separate note; other martingale bounds are described in Caltech ACM Report 2011-0

Regularized Linear Inversion with Randomized Singular Value Decomposition

In this work, we develop efficient solvers for linear inverse problems based on randomized singular value decomposition (RSVD). This is achieved by combining RSVD with classical regularization methods, e.g., truncated singular value decomposition, Tikhonov regularization, and general Tikhonov regularization with a smoothness penalty. One distinct feature of the proposed approach is that it explicitly preserves the structure of the regularized solution in the sense that it always lies in the range of a certain adjoint operator. We provide error estimates between the approximation and the exact solution under canonical source condition, and interpret the approach in the lens of convex duality. Extensive numerical experiments are provided to illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of the approach.Comment: 20 pages, 4 figure

LASSI-L detects early cognitive changes in pre-motor manifest Huntington’s disease: a replication and validation study

Background and objectivesCognitive decline is an important early sign in pre-motor manifest Huntington’s disease (preHD) and is characterized by deficits across multiple domains including executive function, psychomotor processing speed, and memory retrieval. Prior work suggested that the Loewenstein-Acevedo Scale for Semantic Interference and Learning (LASSI-L)–a verbal learning task that simultaneously targets these domains - could capture early cognitive changes in preHD. The current study aimed to replicate, validate and further analyze the LASSI-L in preHD using larger datasets.MethodsLASSI-L was administered to 50 participants (25 preHD and 25 Healthy Controls) matched for age, education, and sex in a longitudinal study of disease progression and compared to performance on MMSE, Trail A & B, SCWT, SDMT, Semantic Fluency (Animals), and CVLT-II. Performance was then compared to a separate age-education matched-cohort of 25 preHD participants. Receiver operating curve (ROC) and practice effects (12 month interval) were investigated. Group comparisons were repeated using a preHD subgroup restricted to participants predicted to be far from diagnosis (Far subgroup), based on CAG-Age-Product scaled (CAPs) score. Construct validity was assessed through correlations with previously established measures of subcortical atrophy.ResultsPreHD performance on all sections of the LASSI-L was significantly different from controls. The proactive semantic interference section (PSI) was sensitive (p = 0.0001, d = 1.548), similar across preHD datasets (p = 1.0), reliable on test–retest over 12 months (spearman rho = 0.88; p = <0.00001) and associated with an excellent area under ROC (AUROC) of 0.855. In the preHD Far subgroup comparison, PSI was the only cognitive assessment to survive FDR < 0.05 (p = 0.03). The number of intrusions on PSI was negatively correlated with caudate volume.DiscussionThe LASSI-L is a sensitive, reliable, efficient tool for detecting cognitive decline in preHD. By using a unique verbal learning test paradigm that simultaneously targets executive function, processing speed and memory retrieval, the LASSI-L outperforms many other established tests and captures early signs of cognitive impairment. With further longitudinal validation, the LASSI-L could prove to be a useful biomarker for clinical research in preHD

Correspondence: Are Cognitive Functions Localizable? Colin Camerer et al. versus Marieke van Rooij and John G. Holden

The Fall 2011 issue of this journal published a two-paper section on “Neuroeconomics.” One paper, by Ernst Fehr and Antonio Rangel, clearly and concisely summarized a small part of the fast-growing literature. The second paper, “It’s about Space, It’s about Time, Neuroeconomics, and the Brain Sublime,” by Marieke van Rooij and Guy Van Orden, is beautifully written and enjoyable to read, but misleading in many critical ways. A number of economists and neuroscientists working at the intersection of the two fields shared our reaction and have signed this letter, as shown below. Some of the paper’s descriptions of empirical findings and methods in neuroeconomics are incomplete, badly out of date, or flatly wrong. In studies the authors describe in detail, their skeptical interpretations have often been refuted by published data, old and new, that they overlook

Approximation of integral operators using product-convolution expansions

International audienceWe consider a class of linear integral operators with impulse responses varying regularly in time or space. These operators appear in a large number of applications ranging from signal/image processing to biology. Evaluating their action on functions is a computationally intensive problem necessary for many practical problems. We analyze a technique called product-convolution expansion: the operator is locally approximated by a convolution, allowing to design fast numerical algorithms based on the fast Fourier transform. We design various types of expansions, provide their explicit rates of approximation and their complexity depending on the time varying impulse response smoothness. This analysis suggests novel wavelet based implementations of the method with numerous assets such as optimal approximation rates, low complexity and storage requirements as well as adaptivity to the kernels regularity. The proposed methods are an alternative to more standard procedures such as panel clustering, cross approximations, wavelet expansions or hierarchical matrices

A cohort of 17 patients with kyphoscoliotic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome caused by biallelic mutations in FKBP14: expansion of the clinical and mutational spectrum and description of the natural history.

PurposeIn 2012 we reported in six individuals a clinical condition almost indistinguishable from PLOD1-kyphoscoliotic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (PLOD1-kEDS), caused by biallelic mutations in FKBP14, and characterized by progressive kyphoscoliosis, myopathy, and hearing loss in addition to connective tissue abnormalities such as joint hypermobility and hyperelastic skin. FKBP14 is an ER-resident protein belonging to the family of FK506-binding peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases (PPIases); it catalyzes the folding of type III collagen and interacts with type III, type VI, and type X collagens. Only nine affected individuals have been reported to date.MethodsWe report on a cohort of 17 individuals with FKBP14-kEDS and the follow-up of three previously reported patients, and provide an extensive overview of the disorder and its natural history based on clinical, biochemical, and molecular genetics data.ResultsBased on the frequency of the clinical features of 23 patients from the present and previous cohorts, we define major and minor features of FKBP14-kEDS. We show that myopathy is confirmed by histology and muscle imaging only in some patients, and that hearing impairment is predominantly sensorineural and may not be present in all individuals.ConclusionOur data further support the extensive clinical overlap with PLOD1-kEDS and show that vascular complications are rare manifestations of FKBP14-kEDS

Friend versus foe: Neural correlates of prosocial decisions for liked and disliked peers

Although the majority of our social interactions are with people we know, few studies have investigated the neural correlates of sharing valuable resources with familiar others. Using an ecologically valid research paradigm, this functional magnetic resonance imaging study examined the neural correlates of prosocial and selfish behavior in interactions with real-life friends and disliked peers in young adults. Participants (N = 27) distributed coins between themselves and another person, where they could make selfish choices that maximized their own gains or prosocial choices that maximized outcomes of the other. Participants were more prosocial toward friends and more selfish toward disliked peers. Individual prosociality levels toward friends were associated negatively with supplementary motor area and anterior insula activity. Further preliminary analyses showed that prosocial decisions involving friends were associated with heightened activity in the bilateral posterior temporoparietal junction, and selfish decisions involving disliked peers were associated with heightened superior temporal sulcus activity, which are brain regions consistently shown to be involved in mentalizing and perspective taking in prior studies. Further, activation of the putamen was observed during prosocial choices involving friends and selfish choices involving disliked peers. These findings provide insights into the modulation of neural processes that underlie prosocial behavior as a function of a positive or negative relationship with the interaction partner