Carbon and sulfur cycling through geologic time

Mathematical models of the coupled global systems of sedimentary reservoirs and fluxes are used to infer variations in reservoir sizes and rates of sedimentation over periods of hundreds of millions of years. Perhaps most interesting is the coupled sulfide/sulfate carbon/carbonate system that controls global oxygen and carbon dioxide production and consumption is discussed

Seasonal and daily microhabitat selection by Illinois stream fishes

Illinois Department of Transportation, Division of Water Resourcesunpublishednot peer reviewedOpe

Calculating the balance between atmospheric CO2 drawdown and organic carbon oxidation in subglacial hydrochemical systems

In order to constrain CO2 fluxes from biogeochemical processes in subglacial environments, we model the evolution of pH and alkalinity over a range of subglacial weathering conditions. We show that subglacial waters reach or exceed atmospheric pCO2 levels when atmospheric gases are able to partially access the subglacial environment. Subsequently, closed system oxidation of sulfides is capable of producing pCO2 levels well in excess of atmosphere levels without any input from the decay of organic matter. We compared this model to published pH and alkalinity measurements from 21 glaciers and ice sheets. Most subglacial waters are near atmospheric pCO2 values. The assumption of an initial period of open system weathering requires substantial organic carbon oxidation in only 4 of the 21 analyzed ice bodies. If the subglacial environment is assumed to be closed from any input of atmospheric gas, large organic carbon inputs are required in nearly all cases. These closed system assumptions imply that order of 10 g m−2 y−1 of organic carbon are removed from a typical subglacial environment—a rate too high to represent soil carbon built up over previous interglacial periods and far in excess of fluxes of surface deposited organic carbon. Partial open system input of atmospheric gases is therefore likely in most subglacial environments. The decay of organic carbon is still important to subglacial inorganic chemistry where substantial reserves of ancient organic carbon are found in bedrock. In glaciers and ice sheets on silicate bedrock, substantial long‐term drawdown of atmospheric CO2 occurs

One-step Multiplex Transgenesis via Sleeping Beauty Transposition in Cattle

Genetically modified cattle are important for developing new biomedical models and for an improved understanding of the pathophysiology of zoonotic diseases. However, genome editing and genetic engineering based on somatic cell nuclear transfer suffer from a low overall efficiency. Here, we established a highly efficient one-step multiplex gene transfer system into the bovine genome.Fil: Garrels, Wiebke. Institut für Nutztiergenetik; AlemaniaFil: Talluri, Thirumala R.. Institut für Nutztiergenetik; AlemaniaFil: Apfelbaum, Ronja. Institut für Nutztiergenetik; AlemaniaFil: Carratalá, Yanet P.. Institut für Nutztiergenetik; AlemaniaFil: Bosch, Pablo. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología Molecular; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Pötzsch, Kerstin. Paul Ehrlich Institute; AlemaniaFil: Grueso, Esther. Paul Ehrlich Institute; AlemaniaFil: Ivics, Zoltan. Paul Ehrlich Institute; AlemaniaFil: Kues, Wilfred. Institut für Nutztiergenetik; Alemani

Establishment of cell-based transposon-mediated transgenesis in cattle

Transposon-mediated transgenesis is a well-established tool for genome modification in small animal models. However, translation of this active transgenic method to large animals warrants further investigations. Here, the piggyBac (PB) and sleeping beauty (SB) transposon systems were assessed for stable gene transfer into the cattle genome. Bovine fibroblasts were transfected either with a helper-independent PB system or a binary SB system. Both transposons were highly active in bovine cells increasing the efficiency of DNA integration up to 88 times over basal nonfacilitated integrations in a colony formation assay. SB transposase catalyzed multiplex transgene integrations in fibroblast cells transfected with the helper vector and two donor vectors carrying different transgenes (fluorophore and neomycin resistance). Stably transfected fibroblasts were used for SCNT and on in vitro embryo culture, morphologically normal blastocysts that expressed the fluorophore were obtained with both transposon systems. The data indicate that transpositionis a feasible approach for genetic engineering in the cattle genome.Fil: Alessio, Ana Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Fili, Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Garrels, Wiebke. Institut für Nutztiergenetik; Alemania. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover; AlemaniaFil: Forcato, Diego Oscar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Olmos Nicotra, Maria Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Liaudat, Ana Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Bevacqua, Romina Jimena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Pabellón de Zootecnica. Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal; ArgentinaFil: Savy, Virginia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Pabellón de Zootecnica. Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal; ArgentinaFil: Hiriart, María Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Pabellón de Zootecnica. Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal; ArgentinaFil: Talluri, Thirumala R.. Institut für Nutztiergenetik; AlemaniaFil: Owens, Jesse B.. University of Hawaii at Manoa; Estados UnidosFil: Ivics, Zoltán. Paul-Ehrlich-Institute; AlemaniaFil: Salamone, Daniel Felipe. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Pabellón de Zootecnica. Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal; ArgentinaFil: Moisyadi, Stefan. University of Hawaii at Manoa; Estados UnidosFil: Kues, Wilfried A.. Institut für Nutztiergenetik; AlemaniaFil: Bosch, Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología Molecular; Argentin

A new method for 2D gel spot alignment: application to the analysis of large sample sets in clinical proteomics

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In current comparative proteomics studies, the large number of images generated by 2D gels is currently compared using spot matching algorithms. Unfortunately, differences in gel migration and sample variability make efficient spot alignment very difficult to obtain, and, as consequence most of the software alignments return noisy gel matching which needs to be manually adjusted by the user.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We present Sili2DGel an algorithm for automatic spot alignment that uses data from recursive gel matching and returns meaningful Spot Alignment Positions (SAP) for a given set of gels. In the algorithm, the data are represented by a graph and SAP by specific subgraphs. The results are returned under various forms (clickable synthetic gel, text file, etc.). We have applied Sili2DGel to study the variability of the urinary proteome from 20 healthy subjects.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Sili2DGel performs noiseless automatic spot alignment for variability studies (as well as classical differential expression studies) of biological samples. It is very useful for typical clinical proteomic studies with large number of experiments.</p

Spatial evolution of an AMD stream in the Iberian Pyrite Belt: process characterization and control factors on the hydrochemistry

This paper presents hydrochemical data of an AMD stream in the Iberian Pyrite Belt, obtained from its source, in the Poderosa Mine Portal, till its confluence at the Odiel River. The main objective is to establish potential interdependent relations between sulfate and metals’ loads and the following physical-chemical variables: pH, electric conductivity (EC), redox potential (EH), and dissolved oxygen (O2). All the parameters show a global increasing tendency since the tunnel’s exit to the confluence at Odiel River. The TDS and EC are two relevant exceptions. They behave similarly, showing a decreasing trend and a strong inflection that describes a minimum immediately after the discharging point. The spatial analysis combined with statistical tools put in evidence the typical AMD processes and the respective physical-chemical implications. Inputs with distinctive hydrochemical signatures impose relevant modifications in the Poderosa creek waters. This indicates low hydrochemical inertia and high vulnerability to external stimulus.Financial support for this research was provided by DGCICYT National Plan, project CGL2010-21268-C02-01 and the Andalusian Autonomous Government Excellence Projects, Project RNM-6570