On Maximum Signless Laplacian Estrada Indices of Graphs with Given Parameters

Signless Laplacian Estrada index of a graph $G$, defined as $SLEE(G)=\sum^{n}_{i=1}e^{q_i}$, where $q_1, q_2, \cdots, q_n$ are the eigenvalues of the matrix $\mathbf{Q}(G)=\mathbf{D}(G)+\mathbf{A}(G)$. We determine the unique graphs with maximum signless Laplacian Estrada indices among the set of graphs with given number of cut edges, pendent vertices, (vertex) connectivity and edge connectivity.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figure

Hubungan Berat Plasenta dengan Status Antropometri Bayi Baru Lahir Aterm di Wilayah Puskesmas Kassi-kassi Makassar

Berat lahir bayi bergantung pada gizi ibu dan kemampuan plasenta untuk mengangkut gizi dari ibu kejaninnya. Bobot plasenta, dan ukuran dan bentuk permukaannya, mencerminkan kemampuannya untuk mentransfer nutrisi. Berat plasenta adalah ukuran yang umum digunakan untuk meringkas pertumbuhan dan fungsi plasenta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan berat plasenta dengan status antropometri bayi baru lahir aterm. Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan desain cross sectional study. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 59 orang ibu intrapartu yang diambil dengan cara simple random sampling. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji chi-square, dengan tingkat kepercayaan α = 0,05. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa nilai signifikansi berat lahir p=0,013 (p<0,05), panjang badan lahir p=0,00 (p<0,05), lingkar kepala p=0,010(p<0,05), rasio berat plasenta normal 46 orang (78%) tidak normal 13 orang (8,5%) ,dan indeks ponderal bayi normal 54 orang (91,5%) dan tidak normal 5 orang (8,5%). Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan antara berat plasenta dengan status antropometri berat badan lahir bayi, panjang badan lahir, dan lingkar kepala, tetapi tidak dengan rasio berat plasenta dan indeks ponderal bayi

Niche emergence as an autocatalytic process in the evolution of ecosystems

The utilisation of the ecospace and the change in diversity through time has been suggested to be due to the effect of niche partitioning, as a global long-term pattern in the fossil record. However, niche partitioning, as a way to coexist, could be a limited means to share the environmental resources and condition during evolutionary time. In fact, a physical limit impedes a high partitioning without a high restriction of the niche's variables. Here, we propose that niche emergence, rather than niche partitioning, is what mostly drives ecological diversity. In particular, we view ecosystems in terms of autocatalytic sets: catalytically closed and self-sustaining reaction (or interaction) networks. We provide some examples of such ecological autocatalytic networks, how this can give rise to an expanding process of niche emergence (both in time and space), and how these networks have evolved over time (so-called evoRAFs). Furthermore, we use the autocatalytic set formalism to show that it can be expected to observe a power-law in the size distribution of extinction events in ecosystems. In short, we elaborate on our earlier argument that new species create new niches, and that biodiversity is therefore an autocatalytic process

Extension and Optimization of the Local Geodetic Network at the Onsala Space Observatory

Since May 2017, the Onsala Space Observatory\ua0(OSO) has hosted the Onsala twin telescopes\ua0(OTT), two identical telescopes fulfilling the VGOSspecifications.\ua0The local geodetic ground network has\ua0to be extended to the area around the OTT to provide\ua0local tie vectors for combining different geodetic\ua0space techniques at the observatory. Furthermore,\ua0this network is essential for monitoring the temporal\ua0and spatial stability of the new radio telescopes. Both\ua0network configuration and measurement uncertainties\ua0of the terrestrial observations have a strong impact on\ua0the obtainable accuracy of the reference points. Network\ua0optimization procedures help to avoid misconfigurations\ua0and provide suitable network configurations.\ua0For OSO, an extended ground network and an optimal\ua0observation schedule are derived that fulfill the accuracy\ua0requirements for monitoring processes. The observation\ua0schedule, derived by a second order design\ua0optimization, focuses on a practical experience when\ua0using modern geodetic instruments

Implementasi Bat Algorithm dalam Optimasi Penempatan Femtocell

Femtocell has been considered as an important technology to increase the cellular system capacity by bringing the base station closer to the user and shrinking the cell dimension. Basically, femtocell networks are deployed in indoor environment such as an office. Thus, femtocell placement problems are one of the important issues in planning the wireless networks, since the manual planning processes are not efficient. In this paper, the solution of femtocell placement problem in an indoor environment is solved by bat algorithm. Selecting the best position of the femtocell is the main objective so the capacity can be maximized. In a 100 trial study, the SNR can be optimized up to 34.89 dB. In conclusion, the bat algorithm is able to improve the SNR efficiently and effectively

Effect of high temperature VPT conditions on the development of aligned ZnO nanorod arrays grown by a three step catalyst-free method

Using Transmission Electron Microscopy-related techniques, we study the effect of the high temperature in the Vapour Phase Transport (VPT) process on the morphology and chemistry of VPT ZnO nanorod arrays deposited on a two-step Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) buffer layers on silicon substrates. Though well-aligned and c-axis oriented arrays of ZnO nanorods are achieved, we have noticed the strong dependence of the nanorod morphology on the VPT growth conditions such as the temperature ramp rate and the placement of samples with respect to the metal source. The development of conical structures in the nanorod bases and the formation of a double intermediate layer below the base of nanorods are the main features found. The modifications of the ZnO nanostructures both in the base and in the underlying buffer layers due to the high VPT temperatures are also examined in detail

Throughflow centrality is a global indicator of the functional importance of species in ecosystems

To better understand and manage complex systems like ecosystems it is critical to know the relative contribution of system components to system functioning. Ecologists and social scientists have described many ways that individuals can be important; This paper makes two key contributions to this research area. First, it shows that throughflow, the total energy-matter entering or exiting a system component, is a global indicator of the relative contribution of the component to the whole system activity. It is global because it includes the direct and indirect exchanges among community members. Further, throughflow is a special case of Hubbell status as defined in social science. This recognition effectively joins the concepts, enabling ecologists to use and build on the broader centrality research in network science. Second, I characterize the distribution of throughflow in 45 empirically-based trophic ecosystem models. Consistent with expectations, this analysis shows that a small fraction of the system components are responsible for the majority of the system activity. In 73% of the ecosystem models, 20% or less of the nodes generate 80% or more of the total system throughflow. Four or fewer dominant nodes are required to account for 50% of the total system activity. 121 of the 130 dominant nodes in the 45 ecosystem models could be classified as primary producers, dead organic matter, or bacteria. Thus, throughflow centrality indicates the rank power of the ecosystems components and shows the power concentration in the primary production and decomposition cycle. Although these results are specific to ecosystems, these techniques build on flow analysis based on economic input-output analysis. Therefore these results should be useful for ecosystem ecology, industrial ecology, the study of urban metabolism, as well as other domains using input-output analysis.Comment: 7 figures, 2 table

A stand-alone Zero-Liquid-Discharge greenhouse model with rainwater harvesting capability

This is the author accepted manuscriptGlobal warming is a prevalent topic throughout the world. The IPCC predicts that the maximum potential global temperature increase will be 4.8 oC by 2100. It has been concluded that a temperature rise of 1.4 oC or higher will have statistically significant impacts on global precipitation levels. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the future trends of precipitation and subsequent irrigation methods. This study will discuss a new multi-functional zero liquid discharge (ZLD) system for a greenhouse, incorporating a humidification dehumidification (HDH) mechanism, solar still desalination and rainwater harvesting. The focus of this paper is on analysing the water production of the system. Although previous literature discusses the inefficiency of solar still (SS) desalination, the fresh water produced during similar experiments has shown otherwise, desalinating 0.95 L/m²/hr of saline water. Using multiple panels could therefore give a substantial output of distilled water for certain usage such as agriculture. Implementing solar stills of large surface area would also allow the collection of rainwater thus increasing the total water productivity of the system. The ZLD system aims to produce no waste product and use the output brine water for aquaculture and salt cultivation.British CouncilScience & Technology Development Fund (STDF), Egyp