Mídias sociais e bibliotecas na produção científica dos Estados Unidos

Introduction: As organizations responsible for providing accurate and up-to-date information, libraries are continually experimenting with new technological resources and remodeling their services to meet the expectations of their users. At the beginning of the 21st century, social media emerged as yet another opportunity for users to connect to libraries and access their information resources. Objective: This study seeks to identify the characteristics of research on “social media and libraries” in American scientific production in order to follow its evolution and point out trends. Methodology: This is a descriptive study, of a qualitative and quantitative nature, based on domain analysis, proposed by Hjørland. The research corpus consists of 69 articles published in scientific journals of Information Science in the United States. It was found that interdomain has been discussed by the scientific community since 2006, mainly within the scope of university libraries. Results: We identified a possible epistemic community in formation. The Library 2.0 concept is one of the theoretical contributions that influenced librarians and impacted library services. The knowledge produced on the analyzed interdomain circulates between Information Science and various fields of knowledge, such as Social Communication, Education, Computer Science, Sociology, among others. In addition to “Web 2.0”, “social networks” is the term most used by the discursive community, even though “social media” stands out as a trend. There is a predisposition for research on practical applications, followed by theoretical studies. Conclusion: Emerging terms were identified, which represent the analyzed domain, not yet covered in the main thesaurus used by researchers in the area.Introdução: Como organizações responsáveis por disponibilizarem informações precisas e atualizadas, as bibliotecas estão continuamente experimentando novos recursos tecnológicos e remodelando seus serviços para atender expectativas de seus usuários. No início do século XXI, as mídias sociais surgiram como mais uma oportunidade para eles se conectarem a esses espaços e acessarem seus recursos informacionais. Objetivo: Diante disso, este estudo busca identificar as características de investigações sobre mídias sociais e bibliotecas na produção científica estadunidense, de modo a acompanhar sua evolução e apontar tendências. Metodologia: Para tanto, optou-se pela pesquisa descritiva, de natureza qualiquantitativa, fundamentada na análise de domínio, proposta por Hjørland. O corpus é constituído por 69 artigos, publicados em periódicos científicos da Ciência da Informação dos EUA. Nesse sentido, constatou-se que a temática mídias sociais e bibliotecas tem sido discutida no contexto observado desde 2006, principalmente no âmbito das bibliotecas universitárias. Resultados: Identificou-se, ainda, uma possível comunidade epistêmica em formação. Por sua vez, o conceito Library 2.0 surgiu como uma das contribuições teóricas que influenciou bibliotecários e impactou serviços realizados no segmento. Além da Ciência da Informação, o conhecimento produzido sobre o interdomínio analisado circula por vários campos, como Comunicação Social, Educação, Ciência da Computação, Sociologia, dentre outros. Fora o termo Web 2.0, redes sociais é o mais usado por essa comunidade discursiva, embora mídias sociais se destaque como uma tendência. Há também uma predisposição para pesquisas de aplicações práticas, seguida de estudos teóricos. Conclusão: Foram identificados termos emergentes e representantes do interdomínio analisado ainda não contemplados nos principais tesauros utilizados por pesquisadores da área

The relationship between tax rates and tax revenues in eurozone member countries - exploring the Laffer curve

We estimate Laffer Curves for direct and indirect taxes for each Eurozone country, using panel data from 1995 to 2011, by means of Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) models. We choose the three taxes that contribute the most to the government tax revenue: the value added tax (VAT), the corporate income tax (CT), and the labour income tax (LT). From our estimated significant parameters, which have the expected signs according to the Laffer Curve theory, we obtained a maximum/optimal tax rate for VAT for Greece, Portugal, and Slovakia and for the majority of the Eurozone countries for direct taxes. We also take into consideration the business cycle. Many countries do not present differences in regime, and when they do, the optimal tax rate is higher during recessions. Finally, we compare the observed tax rates in 2012 to the estimated optimal tax rates, to assess if the 2012 policy was located at the prohibitive range of the Laffer Curve. Our results are important for the discussions about fiscal discipline and harmonization in the Eurozone, since they exhibit important disparities between countries and taxes. We can see that, especially for CT and LT, there is a strong divide between the values of the optimal maximum tax rates for Eastern European countries and Western European economies. Additionally, the economic and financial conditions of each country also influence the value for the tax rate.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

The use of pit telemetry to study movements of ammocoetes and metamorphosing sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus L.) in river beds.

Passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags were surgically implanted in 118 sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus ammocoetes which were left to recover in the laboratory for 2 months. During this period 55 individuals started to metamorphose. In the late summer of 2002 the tagged animals were released in a small tributary of the River Mondego, Portugal, and were regularly monitored for a period of 2 months using a portable PIT tag reader. The distribution of the released animals changed from an initial uniform pattern to a random distribution, and then to an aggregated pattern. At the end of the first week 60% of the tagged sea lampreys had already left the study area, indicating their dynamic behaviour. Ammocoetes were more active than metamorphosing sea lampreys, and downstream movements were more frequent when compared to the upstream ones, which were usually a short distance. In order to determine the influence of the dark-light cycle in the diel activity rhythms, 10 tagged sea lamprey ammocoetes were released in a tank (2000 l capacity) and their position monitored twice a day, for a period of 1 month. Ammocoetes locomotor activity appeared to be conditioned by circadian rhythms, and they were particularly active during darkness

Evolutionary history of lamprey paired species Lampetra fluviatilis (L.) and Lampetra planeri (Bloch) as inferred from mitochondrial DNA variation

A remarkable trend in the evolution of lampreys is the occurrence in most genera of ‘paired species’, in which the parasitic anadromous lampreys are believed to have given rise to nonparasitic freshwater resident populations. The present work examines the phylogeography of the European paired species Lampetra fluviatilis and Lampetra planeri , in an attempt to elucidate species pair evolutionary history. We studied sequence variation in cytochrome b and ATPase 6, 8 mitochondrial genes in 63 individuals from 21 localities of the paired species throughout their distribution range. Results from the phylogenetic and nested clade analyses were largely consistent, suggesting the existence of three major evolutionary lineages: lineage I and possibly lineage II are widespread throughout Europe, while the most ancestral lineage III is apparently restricted to the Iberian Peninsula. The high genetic diversity observed in the Iberian Peninsula is probably the result of refugial persistence and subsequent accumulation of variation over several ice ages, whereas the low levels of genetic diversity observed in central and northern Europe should reflect a rapid postglacial colonization. Results suggest that L. planeri originated within at least two distinct evolutionary lineages, rejecting the single origin hypothesis. The observed lack of taxa monophyly within lineage I may be the result of ongoing gene flow if the two taxa are alternate life-history forms of a single species. However, structure within lineage I is also consistent with the hypothesis of divergence of taxa after postglacial dispersion (around 2000 generations ago) with incomplete lineage sorting. Further testing of the alternative hypotheses is warranted

The use of PIT telemetry to study movements of ammocoetes and metamorphosing sea lampreys in river beds

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Promotion of bone repair of rabbit tibia defects induced by scaffolds of P(VDF-TrFE)/BaTiO 3 composites

In this work, scaffolds made of a novel experimental 0–3 type composite were implanted onto non-critical defects in rabbit tibiae. This work discusses the bone repair promoted by polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene P(VDF-TrFE)/barium titanate(BaTiO3) composite that scaffolds with 10 vol% BaTiO 3. Prior to implant surgery, the P(VDF-TrFE)/BaTiO 3 scaffolds, moulded into a membrane disk, were subjected to a cytotoxicity test (ASTM F895-84). A standardized transverse osteotomy was made with the following dimensions: 4.5 mm in width by 9 mm in length, at the proximal tibial metaphysis, in adult male rabbits, by using a cylindrical drill, cooled with a physiologic solution. These critical defects were filled with blood clot on the left tibiae (control group), whereas the right tibiae were covered with composite scaffolds, measuring 5 mm in thickness and 10 mm in diameter (experimental group); n= 12 for each group. After 21 days, the rabbits were sacrificed and the tibiae bone fragments were conducted to demineralization routines, from fixation and stain procedures to histological analysis. The scaffolds promote the growth of the bone, resulting in an increased repair with callus formation around the scaffold and high mitotic activity at newly formed bones.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)Institute of Physics and Chemistry Federal University of Itajubá, PinheirinhoChemistry Institute UNESP, QuitandinhaChemistry Institute UNESP, QuitandinhaFAPEMIG: APQ-03013-1