Unravelling the capacity of hydroxytyrosol and its lipophenolic derivates to modulate the H2O2-induced isoprostanoid profile of THP-1 monocytes by UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS lipidomic workflow

Presently, the attention given to natural substances to counteract damage produced by oxidative stress (OS) has risen sharply. In this scenario, hydroxytyrosol (HT) derivatives, formed as a result of HT conjugation with fatty acids (FAs) (lipophenols), have been recently described in foodstuffs such as extra virgin olive oil, as being powerful bioactive compounds with a higher activity than the unesterified phenolic compound. The present work describes the capacity of HT lipophenols to act on the course of OS and secondary inflammatory processes, based on their capacity to modulate the isoprostanoid profile induced by H2O2 in THP-1 monocytic cells. A UHPLC-QqQ-ESI-MS/MS-based lipidomics workflow was applied over a range of 37 human oxylipins. The main outcomes retrieved suggest both HT and HT-lipophenols as regulators of the cellular redox balance, acting as pro-oxidants in vitro, which is highly dependent on the experimental conditions. Our outcomes suggest the anti-inflammatory potential of both HT and HT-lipophenols, where the type of the FAs on the HT core appears to be critical for defining the bioactivity of lipophenols, highlighting that a lipidomic approach, with the simultaneous analysis of multiple oxylipins, is critical for the understanding of the bioactivity of lipophenols on isoprostanoid generation and hence, on pathophysiological processes

Systematic Review on the Metabolic Interest of Glucosinolates and Their Bioactive Derivatives for Human Health

In the last decade, most of the evidence on the clinical benefits of including cruciferous foods in the diet has been focused on the content of glucosinolates (GSL) and their corresponding isothiocyanates (ITC), and mercapturic acid pathway metabolites, based on their capacity to modulate clinical, biochemical, and molecular parameters. The present systematic review summarizes findings of human studies regarding the metabolism and bioavailability of GSL and ITC, providing a comprehensive analysis that will help guide future research studies and facilitate the consultation of the latest advances in this booming and less profusely researched area of GSL for food and health. The literature search was carried out in Scopus, PubMed and the Web of Science, under the criteria of including publications centered on human subjects and the use of Brassicaceae foods in different formulations (including extracts, beverages, and tablets), as significant sources of bioactive compounds, in different types of subjects, and against certain diseases. Twenty-eight human intervention studies met inclusion criteria, which were classified into three groups depending on the dietary source. This review summarizes recent studies that provided interesting contributions, but also uncovered the many potential venues for future research on the benefits of consuming cruciferous foods in our health and well-being. The research will continue to support the inclusion of GSL-rich foods and products for multiple preventive and active programs in nutrition and well-being

Phytoprostanes and phytofurans modulate COX-2-linked inflammation markers in LPS-stimulated THP-1 monocytes by lipidomics workflow

Inflammation is a fundamental pathophysiological process which occurs in the course of several diseases. The present work describes the capacity of phytoprostanes (PhytoPs) and phytofurans (PhytoFs) (plant oxylipins), present in plant-based foods, to modulate inflammatory processes mediated by prostaglandins (PGs, human oxylipins) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated THP-1 monocytic cells, through a panel of 21 PGs and PG's metabolites, analyzed by UHPLC-QqQ-ESI-MS/MS. Also, the assessment of the cytotoxicity of PhytoPs and PhytoFs on THP-1 cells evidenced percentages of cell viability higher than 90% when treated with up to 100 μM. Accordingly, 50 μM of the individual PhytoPs and PhytoFs 9-F1t-PhytoP, 9-epi-9-F1t-PhytoP, ent-16-F1t-PhytoP, ent-16-epi-16-F1t-PhytoP, ent-9-D1t-PhytoP, 16-B1-PhytoP, 9-L1-PhytoP, ent-16(RS)-9-epi-ST-Δ14-10-PhytoF, ent-9(RS)-12-epi-ST-Δ10-13-PhytoF, and ent-16(RS)-13-epi-ST-Δ14-9-PhytoF were evaluated on their capacity to modulate the expression of inflammatory markers. The results obtained demonstrated the presence of 7 metabolites (15-keto-PGF2α, PGF2α, 11β-PGF2α, PGE2, PGD2, PGDM, and PGF1α) in THP-1 monocytic cells, which expression was significantly modulated when exposed to LPS. The evaluation of the capacity of the individual PhytoPs and PhytoFs to revert the modification of the quantitative profile of PGs induced by LPS revealed the anti-inflammatory ability of 9-F1t-PhytoP, ent-9-D1t-PhytoP, 16-B1-PhytoP, 9-L1-PhytoP, and ent-9(RS)-12-epi-ST-Δ10-13-PhytoF, as evidenced by their capacity to prevent the up-regulation of 15-keto-PGF2α, PGF2α, PGE2, PGF1α, PGDM, and PGD2 induced by LPS. These results indicated that specific plant oxylipins can protect against inflammatory events, encouraging further investigations using plant-based foods rich in these oxylipins or enriched extracts, to identify specific bioactivities of the diverse individual molecules, which can be useful for nutrition and health in the frame of well-defined pathophysiological processes

Especies exóticas invasoras en el hábitat de los ríos de la península ibérica

[ES] En este trabajo se muestra la problemática de las especies exóticas invasoras presentes en el hábitat de los ríos de la península ibérica mediante el empleo de distintas plantillas de la aplicación Story Map, de la gama de productos ArcGis perteneciente a la empresa ESRI. Esta aplicación está realizada con carácter educativo a fin de dar a conocer el tema tratado de una forma sencilla, llamativa y con la que es obligatorio interactuar.[EN] In this work will be developed the invasive alien species present in the habitat of the rivers of the Iberian Peninsula problematic through the use of different templates from the Story Map application, from the ArcGIS product range belonging to the ESRI Company. This application is made with educational purpose in order to raise awareness of the topic treated in a simple, striking and with which it is mandatory to interact.Peinado Martinez, A. (2019). Especies exóticas invasoras en el hábitat de los ríos de la península ibérica. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/130867TFG

Effect of coffee and cocoa-based confectionery containing coffee on markers of dna damage and lipid peroxidation products: Results from a human intervention study

The effect of coffee and cocoa on oxidative damage to macromolecules has been investigated in several studies, often with controversial results. This study aimed to investigate the effect of one-month consumption of different doses of coffee or cocoa-based products containing coffee on markers of DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in young healthy volunteers. Twenty-one volunteers were randomly assigned into a three-arm, crossover, randomized trial. Subjects were assigned to consume one of the three following treatments: one cup of espresso coffee/day (1C), three cups of espresso coffee/day (3C), and one cup of espresso coffee plus two cocoa-based products containing coffee (PC) twice per day for 1 month. At the end of each treatment, blood samples were collected for the analysis of endogenous and H2O2-induced DNA damage and DNA oxidation catabolites, while urines were used for the analysis of oxylipins. On the whole, four DNA catabolites (cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), 8-OH-2′-deoxy-guanosine, 8-OH-guanine, and 8-NO2-cGMP) were detected in plasma samples following the one-month intervention. No significant modulation of DNA and lipid damage markers was documented among groups, apart from an effect of time for DNA strand breaks and some markers of lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, the consumption of coffee and cocoa-based confectionery containing coffee was apparently not able to affect oxidative stress markers. More studies are encouraged to better explain the findings obtained and to understand the impact of different dosages of these products on specific target groups

Minerals in plant food: effect of agricultural practices and role in human health. A review

Interest in nutrient absorption and accumulation is derived from the need to increase crop productivity by better nutrition and also to improve the nutritional quality of plants as foods and feeds. This review focuses on contrasting data on the importance for human health of food mineral nutrients (Ca, Mg, K, Na and P) and also the trace elements considered essential or beneficial for human health (Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se and Zn). In addition, environmental stresses such as salinity, drought, extreme temperatures and light conditions that affect mineral content were revised in the light that the effect of these factors depends on the species or cultivar, and the specific plant organ, as well as the intensity and duration of the stress. Differences between inorganic and organic fertilisation practices on the mineral levels were also analysed to evaluate the influence of external factors on the quality of plant-based foods