Physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of kitoza, a traditional salted/dried/smoked meat product of Madagascar

Kitoza samples collected from producers in Madagascar were analyzed for their physicochemical and microbial properties. Lactic acid bacteria and coagulase‐negative staphylococci were the two codominant populations with average counts of 6–7 log cfu/g. Good hygienic practices were sometimes lacking but samples were not contaminated with Salmonella, Clostridium perfringens, and Bacillus cereus and only once with Listeria monocytogenes. Staphylococcus aureus was found occasionally with higher counts in salted/dried products than in salted/smoked products. Moisture, protein, fat, and salt contents varied considerably and were on average 41.5, 43.5, 14.3, and 3.3 g/100 g, respectively, and water activity was 0.893 on average. Smoked kitoza showed higher moisture content compared to dried kitoza. Most of the smoked kitoza had a water activity higher than 0.9 which is not in accordance with their storage at ambient temperatures. Benzo(a)pyrene content was above 2 µg/kg in 11 out of 30 smoked samples (17 ± 16.5 µg/kg on average)

Distribution of aminogenic activity among potential autochthonous starter cultures for dry fermented sausages

Any bacterial strain to be used as starter culture should have suitable characteristics, including a lack of amino acid decarboxylase activity. In this study, the decarboxylase activity of 76 bacterial strains, including lactic acid bacteria and gram-positive, catalase-positive cocci, was investigated. These strains were previously isolated from European traditional fermented sausages to develop autochthonous starter cultures. Of all the strains tested, 48% of the lactic acid bacteria strains and 13% of gram-positive, catalase-positive cocci decarboxylated one or more amino acids. Aminogenic potential was strain dependent, although some species had a higher proportion of aminogenic strains than did others. Thus, all Lactobacillus curvatus strains and 70% of Lactobacillus brevis strains had the capacity to produce tyramine and beta-phenylethylamine. Some strains also produced other aromatic amines, such as tryptamine and the diamines putrescine and cadaverine. All the enterococcal strains tested were decarboxylase positive, producing high amounts of tyramine and considerable amounts of beta-phenylethylamine. None of the staphylococcal strains had tyrosine-decarboxylase activity, but some produced other amines. From the aminogenic point of view, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus sakei, and Staphylococcus xylosus strains would be the most suitable for use as autochthonous starter cultures for traditional fermented sausages

Consumer acceptance and sensory profiling of reengineered kitoza products

Kitoza refers to a traditional way of preparing beef and pork in Madagascar. However, in order to improve some drawbacks previous identified, the product was submitted to a reengineering process. The acceptance and sensory profiling of improved Kitoza products among Portuguese consumers was investigated. A local smoked loin sausage was selected as basis for comparison. Firstly, a Focus Group study was performed to identify sensory descriptors for Kitoza products and explore product perception. Subsequently, a Flash Profile and a consumer sensory acceptance study were conducted. Flash Profile’s results showed that beef- and pork-based Kitoza products investigated differed considerably in all sensory dimensions. The Portuguese sausage was characterized as having a more intense and lasting after taste, as well as displaying a higher degree of (meat) doneness. The acceptance study yielded higher overall liking ratings for pork- than for beef-based Kitoza, although the Portuguese sausage remained the most appreciated product

Editorial - 3. international symposium of fermented meat

International audienc

Preface

National audienc

Special Issue: Beneficial Microorganisms for Food Manufacturing—Fermented and Biopreserved Foods and Beverages

Food fermentation is an ancient technology, disseminated worldwide, which harness microorganisms and their enzymes to improve and diversify the human diet [...

Les staphylocoques à coagulase négative dans l'écosystème des salaisons

Certaines espèces de Staphylocoques à Coagulase Négative (SCN) sont naturellement présentes ou employées comme ferments de salaison. La diversité de cette flore au niveau des ateliers de salaisons reste mal connue en raison notamment de la difficulté à identifier les espèces de SCN. Nous avons développé une PCR spécifique pour identifier Staphylococcus xylosus, principale espèce présente dans les produits carnés fermentés. Une PCR multiplex ciblant S. xylosus et trois espèces de staphylocoques pathogènes opportunistes a été développée permettant l'identification de ces espèces et du genre Staphylococcus. Ces méthodes et des méthodes complémentaires basées sur la caractérisationdes souches par analyse en PFGE après restriction de l'ADN, par séquençage du gène sodA et par hybridation avec des sondes spécifiques ont permis l'étude de la diversité des SCN d'ateliers de salaisons traditionnelles, artisanales ou industrielles. Nous avons pu montrer que, dans un atelier traditionnel n'utilisant aucun ferment, S. equorum et S. succinus ont colonisé majoritairement les produits et l'environnement alors que les espèces S. xylosus et S. carnosus habituellement utilisées comme ferments sont minoritaires et n'ont pas été retrouvées au niveau des produits finisCLERMONT FD-BCIU Sci.et Tech. (630142101) / SudocSudocFranceF