Lämpöpuukomposiitin mekaaninen testaus

Tämän insinöörityön tavoitteena oli testata lämpöpuun purusta valmistetun puukestomuovikomposiitin ominaisuuksia. Puukestomuovikomposiitti on yleistynyt viime vuosina Suomessa terassimateriaalina. Maailmalla sitä on käytetty myös monissa muissa tuotteissa puuta korvaamassa jo muutaman vuosikymmenen ajan. Puukestomuovikomposiitin ominaisuuksia kehitetään jatkuvasti ja sen myötä tuotevalikoima kasvaa. Koska puukestomuovikomposiitti on materiaalina melko uusi, oli insinöörityön tarkoituksena luoda lukijalle helposti ymmärrettävä tietopaketti, joka sisältää tarpeeksi tietoa puukestomuovikomposiitista menemättä liikaa yksityiskohtiin. Testattuja ominaisuuksia olivat kitka, kosteuseläminen, Brinell-pintakovuus, taivutuslujuus, tiheys, vetolujuus ja pinnankarheus. Testit suoritettiin Savonia-ammattikorkeakoulun puutekniikan laboratoriossa käyttäen asianmukaisia laboratoriolaitteita, kuten Tira-aineenkoestuskonetta, Mitutoyo Surftest SJ-301-pinnankarheusmittaria sekä perinteisiä mittauslaitteita, kuten työntö- ja rullamittaa. Lisäksi työssä selvitetään internetlähteitä hyödyntäen puukestomuovikomposiitin historiaa, valmistusprosessit, materiaalit, käyttökohteet, komposiitille asetetut vaatimukset sekä komposiittituotteiden markkinat niin Suomessa kuin muuallakin maailmassa. Testitulokset koottiin yhteen tuotteen teknisiksi tiedoiksi ja niitä verrattiin muihin vastaaviin tuotteisiin. Koska puukestomuovikomposiitti on Suomessa melko uusi tuote, saatiin testeillä olennaisia tietoja kyseisestä tuotteesta. Komposiitti ei yllä puun tasolle lujuusominaisuuksiltaan, mutta sen vedenimeytyminen ja turpoaminen jäävät huomattavasti pienemmiksi kuin puulla. Juuri säänkestävyys sekä helppohoitoisuus tekevät siitä hyvän vaihtoehdon vaikkapa terassimateriaaliksi.The purpose of this thesis was to test the properties of wood plastic composite (WPC), made of thermo wood sawdust. Wood plastic composite is a relatively new material in Finland but it has become more popular as a decking material in the past few years. In the United States and some other countries it has been used to replace wood for decades. The properties of wood plastic com-posite are constantly being developed and the variety of WPC products is consequently growing. Because WPC is a new material in Finland, the purpose of this thesis was also to offer an unders-tandable information package. The properties tested were friction, moisture absorption, Brinell hardness, bending strength, density, tensile strength and roughness of the surface. The tests were carried out in the laboratory of Savonia University of Applied Sciences. Appropriate laboratory equipment, including Tira test ma-chine, Mitutoyo Surftest SJ-301 surface tester and traditional measuring equipment such as a tape measurer and a scale, were used in the tests. In addition to the tests, the history and manufacturing processes of WPC, materials used in WPC, the requirements set on WPC and the markets for WPC around the world are reported in this thesis. The test results were compiled together as a technical information sheet and they were compared to other products used for similar purposes. Because WPC is a relatively new material in Finland, the test results give us essential information on the product. The tested product did not measure up to wood in tensile and bending strength but water absorption was considerably less than that of wood. Weather resistance and easy maintenance make WPC a good alternative for decking ma-terial

Assessing societal impacts in future automated driving scenarios:Tentative expert estimates

The study was designed to assess societal impacts of automated driving in four future service scenarios. Experts in automated driving assessed impacts on eight impact areas. Overall, the effects were assessed to be most beneficial in a future scenario highlighting success in shared mobility and the role of public authorities. The assumed changes in driving behaviour would contribute in better road safety but less efficient traffic flow. Some negative effects in mobility were associated in three of the four future scenarios, mostly in a scenario highlighting use of private automated cars. Some costs were expected already in the short term with increase in travel comfort. Besides describing potential impacts in different development paths, the paper provides an initial assessment of the factors affecting them. All results are tentative estimates that should be verified in further empirical studies

Optimal Capacities of Distributed Renewable Heat Supply in a Residential Area Connected to District Heating

In this paper, residential area of 16 buildings with average annual 5.6 GWh heat consumption is studied in terms of distributed renewable energy supply with gradual separation from the local district heating network. Optimal heat supply and heat production capacities in the area are estimated by using hourly linear optimisation model for two separate model years and for normal and low district heating temperature cases. Results indicate that disintegration from district heating supply inflict 12-24% higher annualised total costs. However, completely removing the areal district heating network increases total costs considerably. Solution for heat supply in building area is a package consisting of ground source heat pump, heat storage and photovoltaics panel. Centralised ground source heat pump with centralised heat storage completes the heat supply cost-efficiently with low district heating supply levels. Solar collectors and exhaust air heat pumps are not cost-efficient solutions due to high investment costs

Muuttuvien nopeusrajoitusjärjestelmien turvallisuus

320084

Improving Fungal Cultivability for Natural Products Discovery

The pool of fungal secondary metabolites can be extended by activating silent gene clusters of cultured strains or by using sensitive biological assays that detect metabolites missed by analytical methods. Alternatively, or in parallel with the first approach, one can increase the diversity of existing culture collections to improve the access to new natural products. This review focuses on the latter approach of screening previously uncultured fungi for chemodiversity. Both strategies have been practiced since the early days of fungal biodiscovery, yet relatively little has been done to overcome the challenge of cultivability of as-yet-uncultivated fungi. Whereas earlier cultivability studies using media formulations and biological assays to scrutinize fungal growth and associated factors were actively conducted, the application of modern omics methods remains limited to test how to culture the fungal dark matter and recalcitrant groups of described fungi. This review discusses the development of techniques to increase the cultivability of filamentous fungi that include culture media formulations and the utilization of known chemical growth factors, in situ culturing and current synthetic biology approaches that build upon knowledge from sequenced genomes. We list more than 100 growth factors, i.e., molecules, biological or physical factors that have been demonstrated to induce spore germination as well as tens of inducers of mycelial growth. We review culturing conditions that can be successfully manipulated for growth of fungi and visit recent information from omics methods to discuss the metabolic basis of cultivability. Earlier work has demonstrated the power of co-culturing fungi with their host, other microorganisms or their exudates to increase their cultivability. Co-culturing of two or more organisms is also a strategy used today for increasing cultivability. However, fungi possess an increased risk for cross-contaminations between isolates in existing in situ or microfluidics culturing devices. Technological improvements for culturing fungi are discussed in the review. We emphasize that improving the cultivability of fungi remains a relevant strategy in drug discovery and underline the importance of ecological and taxonomic knowledge in culture-dependent drug discovery. Combining traditional and omics techniques such as single cell or metagenome sequencing opens up a new era in the study of growth factors of hundreds of thousands of fungal species with high drug discovery potential

Liikennesää-tiedotuksen toteutuminen ja arviointi talvikaudella 1999-2000

320068

Nuorisotoimen organisaatiomuutos: case Pieksämäki

Tämän kehittämistyön aiheena on nuorisotoimen organisaatiomuutos Pieksämäellä. Tavoitteena oli tuottaa konkreettinen organisaatiomalli miten nuorisotyö asemoituu sivistystoimeen. Kehittämisprosessin alkuvaiheessa nuorisotoimi kuului vapaa-aikatoimen organisaatioon ja oli vuoden 2013 alusta siirtymässä sivistystoimen organisaatioon tavoitteenaan tiivistää monialaista yhteistyötä koulutoimen kanssa merkittävästi. Tässä opinnäytetyössä kuvaamme muutosprosessia nuorisotoimen näkökulmasta Muutosjohtaminen oli tapa jolla muutosta Pieksämäellä käsiteltiin ja vietiin eteenpäin sekä organisaatio- että yksilötasolla. Muutosjohtaminen edellytti huolellista suunnittelua ja tilanneherkkää toteutusta sekä ennen kaikkea muutokseen vaikutuspiirissä olevien henkilöiden kuulemista ja osallistumista. Yksi muutoksen läpiviemisen keskeisiä menestystekijöitä organisaatiossa oli myös pedagoginen johtajuus. Muutoksen suunnittelussa käytimme apuna SWOT – analyysia ja kehittämiskeskustelujen kautta kartoitimme nuorisotyöntekijöiden pedagogista osaamista. Pieksämäen nuorisotoimen kehittämistyön teoreettinen tausta pohjaa vahvasti lapsi- ja nuorisopolitiikan kehittämisohjelman 2012 - 2015 strategisiin tavoitteisiin ja toimenpiteisiin. Kehittämistyön avain tavoitteet lähtevät lapsi - ja nuorisopoliittisen kehittämisohjelman strategioista kahdeksan ja yhdeksän. Strategiassa kahdeksan tuodaan esiin ennaltaehkäisyn tärkeys lasten ja nuorten hyvinvoinnin ylläpidossa ja strategia yhdeksän edellyttää yhteistyön voimistamista lasten, nuorten ja perheiden palveluiden koordinoinnissa ja toimijoiden osaamisen vahvistamista. Nämä tavoitteet sekä paikallinen lasten ja nuorten hyvinvointisuunnitelmatyö antoivat vahvan pohjan uuden organisaatiomallin luomiseen Pieksämäellä.The subject of this thesis is the organizational change of youth services in Pieksämäki. The objective of this development project is a specific model as to how youth work is positioned in the Education services. At the beginning of the development process youth services were moving from the leisure time board to the education board. The aim was to intensify the cross-sectional co-operation with the educational organization. In this thesis we describe the process of change from the perspective of youth services Management of change was the way the change in Pieksämäki was discussed and taken forward at the organizational as well as at the individual level. Change management careful planning and sensitive implementation, and above all, the consultation and participation of the people who were affected by the change. One of the main success factors of change in the organization was the pedagogical leadership. A SWOT - analysis was used as an aid in the planning of the change and through development discussion the youth workers’ pedagogical competences were studied. The theoretical background of this development work is strongly based on the strategic objectives and measures of the child and youth development program 2012 - 2015. The key objective of the development work comes from a child - and youth policy development strategies, eight and nine. Strategy eight highlights the importance of preventive measures for children’s and young people's well-being, strategy nine requires closer cooperation, coordination and improvement of workers' skills in the services for the children, young people and families. These objectives provided a strong foundation for the creation of a new organizational model in Pieksämäki

Erityisopetusta ilman avustajia? : Kehitysprosessi oppilailla, joilla on autismin kirjo

Many children may need the help of another person to attend school. It is common for children with disabilities to receive help from a teaching assistant at school. Assistants are provided in many countries as a legal right and are often publicly funded. It is also widely assumed that having teaching assistants in the class is an effective and cost-efficient way to support students with disabilities. In this study, the research task was to monitor and document the development process carried out by the teacher, with the aim of making visible the development of a more dynamic classroom interaction. The focus in this development process was the teacher’s idea of minimizing the contacts between students and assistants to increase students’ opportunities to optimize interaction and learning. This was to happen by strengthening commitment to their activities and taking responsibility. The data include video excerpts, which originate from video recordings from a special education class, and transcripts of three stimulated recall-type interviews with the teacher of this class. In this article, the experimental development process is described as presenting an unorthodox approach to teaching assistants and their position in special education.Peer reviewe