The use of conceptual map in reading comprehension for dental students according to learning styles

Objetivo: determinar si el uso del mapa conceptual utilizando Cmap Tools favorece la comprensión lectora de un texto expositivo en estudiantes de Odontología, según estilos de aprendizaje. Método: se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental con pretest y postest en 50 estudiantes de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Los estilos de aprendizaje fueron clasificados con el cuestionario de Honey-Alonso de Estilos de Aprendizaje (CHAEA), el nivel de comprensión de lectura se determinó con el test de comprensión lectora prediseñado y la rúbrica semántica de Miller-Cañas 2008 se utilizó para la evaluación del contenido del mapa conceptual. Resultados: las comparaciones del pre test y postest de comprensión lectora alcanzaron una puntuación promedio para el total de la muestra de 7,5 incrementándose a 9,3 siendo favorecidos los estilos de aprendizaje teórico y reflexivo. La evaluación semántica del mapa conceptual pasó de 4,5 a 9,1 puntos, aquí todos los estilos fueron favorecidos. Conclusión: se reconoce la importancia de utilizar los mapas conceptuales en la educación superior como parte de la mejora de la comprensión lectora del estudiante.Objective: the aim of the study was to determine whether the use of conceptual map CmapTools encourages reading comprehension of expository text in dental students according to learning styles. Methodology: A quasi-experimental study with pretest and posttest in 50 students from Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos was performed. Learning styles were classified with the questionnaire Honey-Alonso Learning Styles (CHAEA), the level of reading comprehension was determined using the reading comprehension predesigned test and the evaluation of the conceptual map content using Miller- Cañas semantic rubric 2008. Results: The comparisons of pretest and posttest of reading comprehension achieved an average score for the total sample of 7.5 increasing to 9.3 being favored the reflective and theoretical learning styles. The evaluation semantics of the conceptual map went from 4,5 to 9,1 points, here all the styles were favored. Conclusion: it is recognized the importance of using the conceptual map in superior education as part of the improvement of the students´ reading comprehension

Atributos de atención primaria y respuestas a la violencia de compañero íntimo en España

Objective: This study provides an overview of the perceptions of primary care professionals on how the current primary health care (PHC) attributes in Spain could influence health-related responses to intimate partner violence (IPV). Methods: A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with 160 health professionals working in 16 PHC centres in Spain. Data were analysed using a qualitative content analysis. Results: Four categories emerged from the interview analysis: those committed to the PHC approach, but with difficulties implementing it; community work relying on voluntarism; multidisciplinary team work or professionals who work together?; and continuity of care hindered by heavy work load. Participants felt that person-centred care as well as other attributes of the PHC approach facilitated detecting IPV and a better response to the problem. However, they also pointed out that the current management of the health system (workload, weak supervision and little feedback, misdistribution of human and material resources, etc.) does not facilitate the sustainability of such an approach. Conclusion: There is a gap between the theoretical attributes of PHC and the “reality” of how these attributes are managed in everyday work, and how this influences IPV care.Objetivo: Este estudio presenta las percepciones de profesionales de atención primaria sobre cómo los atributos de la atención primaria en España pueden influenciar las respuestas sanitarias a la violencia del compañero íntimo (VCI). Métodos: Estudio cualitativo con entrevistas semiestructuradas con 160 profesionales sanitarios de 16 centros de atención primaria en España. Los datos se analizaron con el enfoque de análisis de contenido. Resultados: Del análisis de las entrevistas emergieron cuatro categorías: Implicados/as con el enfoque de primaria, pero enfrentando dificultades para implementarlo; El trabajo comunitario depende del voluntarismo; ¿Trabajo multidisciplinario o profesionales que trabajan juntos?; y Continuidad amenazada por la sobrecarga de trabajo. Los participantes consideraron que la atención centrada en la persona y otros atributos del enfoque de atención primaria facilitaban la detección de VCI y una mejor respuesta a este problema. Sin embargo, también reconocieron que la forma en que se gestionan los servicios sanitarios (sobrecarga de trabajo, débil supervisión y escaso feed-back, distribución de los recursos humanos y materiales, etc.) no facilita la sostenibilidad de este enfoque. Conclusión: Existe una brecha entre los atributos teóricos de la atención primaria y la «realidad» de cómo estos atributos se gestionan en la actividad profesional del día a día y de qué manera esta influye en la atención a la VCI.This study has been funded through a COFAS grant (supported by COFUND action within the Marie Curie Action People, in the Seventh Framework programme and the Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research/FAS-Forskningsradet för arbetsliv och socialvetenskap) through a competitive call. This work was partly supported by the Umeå Center for Global Health Research, funded by FAS, the Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research (Grant no. 2006-1512)

Mechanisms that Trigger a Good Health-Care Response to Intimate Partner Violence in Spain. Combining Realist Evaluation and Qualitative Comparative Analysis Approaches

Background. Health care professionals, especially those working in primary health-care services, can play a key role in preventing and responding to intimate partner violence. However, there are huge variations in the way health care professionals and primary health care teams respond to intimate partner violence. In this study we tested a previously developed programme theory on 15 primary health care center teams located in four different Spanish regions: Murcia, C Valenciana, Castilla-León and Cantabria. The aim was to identify the key combinations of contextual factors and mechanisms that trigger a good primary health care center team response to intimate partner violence. Methods. A multiple case-study design was used. Qualitative and quantitative information was collected from each of the 15 centers (cases). In order to handle the large amount of information without losing familiarity with each case, qualitative comparative analysis was undertaken. Conditions (context and mechanisms) and outcomes, were identified and assessed for each of the 15 cases, and solution formulae were calculated using qualitative comparative analysis software. Results. The emerging programme theory highlighted the importance of the combination of each team’s self-efficacy, perceived preparation and women-centredness in generating a good team response to intimate partner violence. The use of the protocol and accumulated experience in primary health care were the most relevant contextual/intervention conditions to trigger a good response. However in order to achieve this, they must be combined with other conditions, such as an enabling team climate, having a champion social worker and having staff with training in intimate partner violence. Conclusions. Interventions to improve primary health care teams’ response to intimate partner violence should focus on strengthening team’s self-efficacy, perceived preparation and the implementation of a woman-centred approach. The use of the protocol combined with a large working experience in primary health care, and other factors such as training, a good team climate, and having a champion social worker on the team, also played a key role. Measures to sustain such interventions and promote these contextual factors should be encouraged.This study protocol has been funded through a COFAS grant (supported by COFUND action within the Marie Curie Action People, in the Seventh Framework programme and the Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research/FAS-Forskningsradet för arbetsliv och socialvetenskap) through a competitive call

Hyper, a Hydrogen Peroxide Sensor, Indicates the Sensitivity of the Arabidopsis Root Elongation Zone to Aluminum Treatment

Emerging evidence indicates that some reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as the superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), are central regulators of plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Thus, the cellular levels of ROS are thought to be tightly regulated by an efficient and elaborate pro- and antioxidant system that modulates the production and scavenging of ROS. Until recently, studies of ROS in plant cells have been limited to biochemical assays and the use of fluorescent probes; however, the irreversible oxidation of these fluorescent probes makes it impossible to visualize dynamic changes in ROS levels. In this work, we describe the use of Hyper, a recently developed live cell probe for H2O2 measurements in living cells, to monitor oxidative stress in Arabidopsis roots subjected to aluminum treatment. Hyper consists of a circularly permuted YFP (cpYFP) inserted into the regulatory domain of the Escherichia coli hydrogen peroxide-binding protein (OxyR), and is a H2O2-specific ratiometric, and therefore quantitative, probe that can be expressed in plant and animal cells. Now we demonstrate that H2O2 levels drop sharply in the elongation zone of roots treated with aluminum. This response could contribute to root growth arrest and provides evidence that H2O2 is involved in early Al sensing

Cumplimiento de la norma técnica obligatoria Nicaragüense 03 026-10 en el comedor de una casa hogar de la ciudad de Managua, Marzo-Octubre

El presente estudio es descriptivo, prospectivo y de corte transversal enfocado en la Norma Técnica Obligatoria Nicaragüense, NTON O3 O26-10. Investigación dirigida a los manipuladores de alimentos de una Casa Hogar de la Ciudad de Managua, con el objetivo de verificar el cumplimiento de dicha norma. En este estudio participaron voluntariamente los 6 manipuladores de alimentos que laboran en el comedor de la Casa Hogar. La recolección de los datos se obtuvo por medio de encuesta y guía de observación, instrumentos que permitieron conocer las características socio demográficas de los manipuladores en cuanto a sexo predominando el 90% femenino, en edad 90% 21-40 años y el 100% afirmaron haber cursado un nivel de educación básica. Asimismo, se verificó los requisitos sanitarios para los manipuladores de alimentos donde el 52% cumple debidamente y para la manipulación de los alimentos establecidos en la norma un 61% cumple correctamente datos que permitieron identificar las deficiencias y fortalezas en cuanto al cumplimiento de los requisitos. Por otra parte, se les realizó los siguientes exámenes de laboratorio: EGH, VRDL, BAAR, Examen de piel y Exudado faríngeo, obteniendo en el EGH el 50% de los manipuladores parasitados. Por consiguiente, se decidió identificar la presencia de microorganismos indicadores de higiene en los manipuladores debido a que los exámenes estipulados por la norma no conllevan a determinar estos grupos que se utilizan para controlar la presencia y condiciones higiénicas en la manipulación directa de los alimentos, se aisló: Staphylococcus aureus coagulasa positiva (50%), hongos y levaduras (50%), y coliformes totales (83%), lo cual nos indicó que existe una contaminación ambiental, presente en las manos de los manipuladores y proveniente del entorno con las que estas entran en contacto constantemente. En consideración, es necesario dar seguimiento a futuras investigaciones que aborden la higiene en la manipulación donde analicen las prácticas y condiciones higiénicas sanitarias dentro de las áreas de cocina

Advances in the Knowledge of the Vegetation of Hispaniola (Caribbean Central America)

The vegetation types and floristic diversity in the Dominican Republic are analysed, a territory with a tropical climate and ombrotypes that range from dry to humid-hyperhumid, due to the Atlantic winds and the phenomenon known as rain shadows. The presence of high mountains and different substrates have led to a rich flora, and as a result, a high diversity of habitats, among which two large forest types are particularly notable: (1) the dry forest with 81 endemic species, of which 10 are trees, 65 shrubs, 5 climbers and 1 herbaceous species, and an absence of epiphytes and (2) the cloud forest with 19 trees, 20 shrubs, 8 climbers, 4 epiphytes, and 6 herbaceous species. In all cases, these plant communities are regarded as endemic due to their high rate of endemic species. In spite of their importance for conservation, these habitats are highly deteriorated due to deforestation for agriculture, to obtain timber, and even to add to tourism infrastructures

Improving quality of care for family planning services in Uganda

The Regional Centre for Quality of Health Care at Makerere University, Uganda in collaboration with the Delivery of Improved Services for Health II Project, the Ministry of Health (MOH), and the Population Council’s FRONTIERS Program, conducted an operations research project to help the MOH improve the quality of family planning services with the aim of helping couples better attain their reproductive goals. The study developed a package of interventions (the Yellow Star Programme—YSP) that sought to increase the readiness of clinics to offer basic family planning services, to improve provider motivation, and to empower clients to request quality services. The interventions did somewhat increase the functioning of basic family planning services and created an immediate effect on quality of care in the clinics, with an increasing number of clinics attaining most of the basic quality standards set by the YSP. However, there was only a moderately significant difference between the experimental and comparison groups during the post-intervention survey, suggesting a limited effect of the study. In conclusion, the study provided empirical evidence that quality of care can be improved by a combination of interventions targeting system, provider, and client levels. In addition, introducing non-monetary incentives can improve provider motivation

Percepciones de profesionales de atención primaria sobre el impacto de la crisis económica y las medidas de austeridad sobre la detección y atención de la violencia del compañero íntimo en España

Presentación realizada para el VII Congreso Iberoamericano de Investigación Cualitativa en Salud, Barcelona, 5-7 septiembre 2016

An Autophagy-Related Kinase Is Essential for the Symbiotic Relationship between Phaseolus vulgaris and Both Rhizobia and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

Eukaryotes contain three types of lipid kinases that belong to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) family. In plants and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, only PI3K class III family members have been identified. These enzymes regulate the innate immune response, intracellular trafficking, autophagy, and senescence. Here, we report that RNAi-mediated downregulation of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) PI3K severely impaired symbiosis in composite P. vulgaris plants with endosymbionts such as Rhizobium tropici and Rhizophagus irregularis. Downregulation of Pv-PI3K was associated with a marked decrease in root hair growth and curling. Additionally, infection thread growth, root-nodule number, and symbiosome formation in root nodule cells were severely affected. Interestingly, root colonization by AM fungi and the formation of arbuscules were also abolished in PI3K loss-of-function plants. Furthermore, the transcript accumulation of genes encoding proteins known to interact with PI3K to form protein complexes involved in autophagy was drastically reduced in these transgenic roots. RNAi-mediated downregulation of one of these genes, Beclin1/Atg6, resulted in a similar phenotype as observed for transgenic roots in which Pv-PI3K had been downregulated. Our findings show that an autophagy-related process is crucial for the mutualistic interactions of P. vulgaris with beneficial microorganismsInstituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos VegetalesFil: Estrada-Navarrete, Georgina. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Biotecnología. Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas; MéxicoFil: Cruz-Mireles, Neftaly. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Biotecnología. Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas; MéxicoFil: Lascano, Hernán Ramiro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Estudios Agropecuarios (UDEA); ArgentinaFil: Lascano, Hernán Ramiro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales. ArgentinaFil: Alvarado-Affantranger, Xóchitl. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Biotecnología. Laboratorio Nacional de Microscopía Avanzada; MéxicoFil: Hernández-Barrera, Alejandra. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Biotecnología. Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas; MéxicoFil: Barraza, Aarón. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Biotecnología. Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas; MéxicoFil: Olivares, Juan E. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Biotecnología. Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas; MéxicoFil: Arthikala, Manoj-Kumar. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores-Unidad León; MéxicoFil: Cárdenas, Luis. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Biotecnología. Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas; MéxicoFil: Quinto, Carmen. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Biotecnología. Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas; MéxicoFil: Sanchez, Federico. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Biotecnología. Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas; Méxic

Inheritance of resistance to acrinathrin in Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

[SPA] Se investigó la base genética de la resistencia al acrinatrín para Frankliniella occidentalis. La población resistente, seleccionada en el laboratorio para la resistencia a acrinatrín, de un conjunto de poblaciones de trips recogidas en Almería (sureste de España), mostró una gran resistencia al acrinatrín (43 veces superior a la CL50) comparada con la población susceptible de laboratorio. Los datos de mortalidad de cruces recíprocos de trips resistentes y susceptibles indicaron que la resistencia era autosomal y no estaba influenciada por efectos maternos. El análisis de las líneas probit de las poblaciones parentales y los cruces recíprocos mostró que la resistencia se expresaba como un rasgo codominante. [ENG] The genetic basis of acrinathrin resistance was investigated in WFT. The resistant strain, selected in the laboratory for acrinathrin resistance from a pool of thrips populations collected in Almeria (south-eastern Spain), showed a high resistance to acrinathrin (43-fold based on LC50 values) compared with the laboratory susceptible strain. Mortality data from reciprocal crosses of resistant and susceptible thrips indicated that resistance was autosomal and not influenced by maternal effects. Analysis of probit lines fromthe parental strains and reciprocal crosses showed that resistance was expressed as a codominant trait