Suplementación con bloques de melaza-urea en dietas a base de forrajes en la alimentación de conejos

En el primer experimento se emplearon 27 conejos de la raza Nueva Zelanda blancos con edad de 35 días y un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial de 2x2x2+1. Los animales se alojaron en baterías de dos pisos dotadas de pasteras, bebederos y porta bloques. Hubo diferencias significativas (P and lt; 005) en consumo de materia seca entre tratamientos registrándose el mayor consumo con concentrado comercial (5440 g) No hubo diferencias en el consumo por efecto de los forrajes, ni por el nivel de úrea pero si por el uso de salvado de arroz (3132 Vs 3930 g). Hubo diferencia significativas (P and lt; 001) para la ganancia de peso diaria entre tratamientos siendo mayor en el concentrado (35.9), por efecto del forraje, siendo mejor con nacedero (17.85); por efecto del uso de úrea siendo mejor sin úrea y por efecto del uso de salvado (20.8 g\d). Para la conversión hubo diferencias significativas (PIn the first experiment, 27 White New Zealand rabbits, 35 days old, were used within a completely randomized design in a 2 x 2 + 1 factorial arrangement. Animals were allocated in two-story wire battery cages with waterers, forage feeders and block-feeders. There were significant differences (p and lt; .05) for dry matter consumption among treatments, having the greatest consumption commercial feed (CC : 5440 g). There were no differences for forages consumption, either for urea level but there were differences due to rice bran consumption (3132 g v.s, 3390 g). There were significant differences (p and lt; .01) for daily weight gain among treatments, being greater for CC (35.9), for forages was better Trichantera gigantea (17.85) and for rice bran was better to add it (20.8), for urea was better without it. In feed efficiency there were significant differences (p and lt; .05) among treatments, being better for CC (3.1), for forages was better Trichantera gigantea (4.5), for rice bran was better to use it (4.02). The best net benefit was for Trichantera gigantea and rice bran ($ 2119). In the second experiment, 20 rabbits were used within a random experimental design There were highly significant differences (

Evaluación de la suplementación de dietas para cabras en crecimiento utilizando subproductos agroindustriales

En la Granja "Mario González Aranda" de la Universidad Nacional-Palmira (Valle, Colombia) se realizó un experimento con el fin de observar los efectos de la "suplementación estratégica" en el crecimiento de cabras. Se emplearon tres grupos de cuatro cabras mestizas (criolla x raza europea), distribuidas en un diseño completamente al azar. Se evaluó el consumo de materia seca, la ganancia de peso y la conversión alimenticia. El mejor consumo de materia (1.407 g/d) seca se observó en T3 (Cascarilla de soya y salvado de arroz), el mejor incremento de peso (118 g/d) Y mejor conversión alimenticia (10.87) se obtuvo con T2 (heno de matarratón y concentrado). Los mejores resultados biológicos se observaron en las dietas suplementadas estratégicamente.At the Mario González Aranda farm, owned by the Universidad Nacional, Palmira (Valle, Colombia) was done an experiment with the aim of observing the effect of the "strategic supplementation" in growing goats. Were used three groups of four "creole" goats (native x european) distributed in a complete random designo It was evaluated the dry matter consumption, weight gain and feed conversion. The best dry matter consumption (1,407 g/d) was observed for T3 (Soybean hull + rice bran), the best weight gain (119 g/d) and feed conversion (10.87) were observed for T2 (Matarratón hay + commercial feed). In general better biological results were for diets supplemented strategically

Knowledge to Serve the City: Insights from an Emerging Knowledge-Action Network to Address Vulnerability and Sustainability in San Juan, Puerto Rico

This paper presents initial efforts to establish the San Juan Urban Long-Term Research Area Exploratory (ULTRA-Ex), a long-term program aimed at developing transdisciplinary social-ecological system (SES) research to address vulnerability and sustainability for the municipality of San Juan. Transdisciplinary approaches involve the collaborations between researchers, stakeholders, and citizens to produce socially-relevant knowledge and support decision-making. We characterize the transdisciplinary arrangement emerging in San Juan ULTRA-Ex as a knowledge-action network composed of multiple formal and informal actors (e.g., scientists, policymakers, civic organizations and other stakeholders) where knowledge, ideas, and strategies for sustainability are being produced, evaluated, and validated. We describe in this paper the on-the-ground social practices and dynamics that emerged from developing a knowledge-action network in our local context. Specifically, we present six social practices that were crucial to the development of our knowledge-action network: 1) understanding local framings; 2) analyzing existing knowledge-action systems in the city; 3) framing the social-ecological research agenda; 4) collaborative knowledge production and integration; 5) boundary objects and practices; and 6) synthesis, application, and adaptation. We discuss key challenges and ways to move forward in building knowledge-action networks for sustainability. Our hope is that the insights learned from this process will stimulate broader discussions on how to develop knowledge for urban sustainability, especially in tropical cities where these issues are under-explored

HERBase: a collection of understorey herb vegetation plots from Amazonia.

In this article, we describe the database HERBase, an exhaustive compilation of published and unpublished data on herb inventories in Amazonia

Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover.

Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural clines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale

Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover

Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural clines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale

Effect of alirocumab on mortality after acute coronary syndromes. An analysis of the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES randomized clinical trial

Background: Previous trials of PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9) inhibitors demonstrated reductions in major adverse cardiovascular events, but not death. We assessed the effects of alirocumab on death after index acute coronary syndrome. Methods: ODYSSEY OUTCOMES (Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcomes After an Acute Coronary Syndrome During Treatment With Alirocumab) was a double-blind, randomized comparison of alirocumab or placebo in 18 924 patients who had an ACS 1 to 12 months previously and elevated atherogenic lipoproteins despite intensive statin therapy. Alirocumab dose was blindly titrated to target achieved low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) between 25 and 50 mg/dL. We examined the effects of treatment on all-cause death and its components, cardiovascular and noncardiovascular death, with log-rank testing. Joint semiparametric models tested associations between nonfatal cardiovascular events and cardiovascular or noncardiovascular death. Results: Median follow-up was 2.8 years. Death occurred in 334 (3.5%) and 392 (4.1%) patients, respectively, in the alirocumab and placebo groups (hazard ratio [HR], 0.85; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.98; P=0.03, nominal P value). This resulted from nonsignificantly fewer cardiovascular (240 [2.5%] vs 271 [2.9%]; HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.05; P=0.15) and noncardiovascular (94 [1.0%] vs 121 [1.3%]; HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.59 to 1.01; P=0.06) deaths with alirocumab. In a prespecified analysis of 8242 patients eligible for ≥3 years follow-up, alirocumab reduced death (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.94; P=0.01). Patients with nonfatal cardiovascular events were at increased risk for cardiovascular and noncardiovascular deaths (P<0.0001 for the associations). Alirocumab reduced total nonfatal cardiovascular events (P<0.001) and thereby may have attenuated the number of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular deaths. A post hoc analysis found that, compared to patients with lower LDL-C, patients with baseline LDL-C ≥100 mg/dL (2.59 mmol/L) had a greater absolute risk of death and a larger mortality benefit from alirocumab (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.90; Pinteraction=0.007). In the alirocumab group, all-cause death declined wit h achieved LDL-C at 4 months of treatment, to a level of approximately 30 mg/dL (adjusted P=0.017 for linear trend). Conclusions: Alirocumab added to intensive statin therapy has the potential to reduce death after acute coronary syndrome, particularly if treatment is maintained for ≥3 years, if baseline LDL-C is ≥100 mg/dL, or if achieved LDL-C is low. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01663402