4,425 research outputs found
Light to Mass Variations with Environment
Large and well defined variations exist between the distribution of mass and
the light of stars on extragalactic scales. Mass concentrations in the range
10^12 - 10^13 M_sun manifest the most light per unit mass. Group halos in this
range are typically the hosts of spiral and irregular galaxies with ongoing
star formation. On average M/L_B ~ 90 M_sun/L_sun in these groups . More
massive halos have less light per unit mass. Within a given mass range, halos
that are dynamically old as measured by crossing times and galaxy morphologies
have distinctly less light per unit mass. At the other end of the mass
spectrum, below 10^12 M_sun, there is a cutoff in the manifestation of light.
Group halos in the range 10^11 - 10^12 M_sun can host dwarf galaxies but with
such low luminosities that M/L_B values can range from several hundred to
several thousand. It is suspected that there must be completely dark halos at
lower masses. Given the form of the halo mass function, it is the low relative
luminosities of the high mass halos that has the greatest cosmological
implications. Of order half the clustered mass may reside in halos with greater
than 10^14 M_sun. By contrast, only 5-10% of clustered mass would lie in
entities with less than 10^12 M_sun.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, Accepted Astrophysical Journal 619,
000, 2005 (Jan 1
Climate Modeling of a Potential ExoVenus
The planetary mass and radius sensitivity of exoplanet discovery capabilities
has reached into the terrestrial regime. The focus of such investigations is to
search within the Habitable Zone where a modern Earth-like atmosphere may be a
viable comparison. However, the detection bias of the transit and radial
velocity methods lies close to the host star where the received flux at the
planet may push the atmosphere into a runaway greenhouse state. One such
exoplanet discovery, Kepler-1649b, receives a similar flux from its star as
modern Venus does from the Sun, and so was categorized as a possible exoVenus.
Here we discuss the planetary parameters of Kepler-1649b with relation to Venus
to establish its potential as a Venus analog. We utilize the general
circulation model ROCKE-3D to simulate the evolution of the surface temperature
of Kepler-1649b under various assumptions, including relative atmospheric
abundances. We show that in all our simulations the atmospheric model rapidly
diverges from temperate surface conditions towards a runaway greenhouse with
rapidly escalating surface temperatures. We calculate transmission spectra for
the evolved atmosphere and discuss these spectra within the context of the
James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec)
capabilities. We thus demonstrate the detectability of the key atmospheric
signatures of possible runaway greenhouse transition states and outline the
future prospects of characterizing potential Venus analogs.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in the
Astrophysical Journal. The data from this paper are open source and are
available from the following data portals:
https://portal.nccs.nasa.gov/GISS_modelE/ROCKE-3D/Climate_Modeling_of_a_Potential_ExoVenus
https://archive.org/details/Climate_Modeling_of_a_Potential_ExoVenu
Oración fúnebre que en la solemne función cívico religiosa, celebrada... pronunció el presbítero Eugenio Paños y Quintana y la dedica á dicha ilustrísima corporación
Copia digital. Valladolid : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 2009-201
Climate Modeling of a Potential Exovenus
The planetary mass and radius sensitivity of exoplanet discovery capabilities has reached into the terrestrial regime. The focus of such investigations is to search within the Habitable Zone where a modern Earth-like atmosphere may be a viable comparison. However, the detection bias of the transit and radial velocity methods lies close to the host star where the received flux at the planet may push the atmosphere into a runaway greenhouse state. One such exoplanet discovery, Kepler-1649b, receives a similar flux from its star as modern Venus does from the Sun, and so was categorized as a possible exoVenus. Here we discuss the planetary parameters of Kepler-1649b in relation to Venus to establish its potential as a Venus analog. We utilize the general circulation model ROCKE-3D to simulate the evolution of the surface temperature of Kepler-1649b under various assumptions, including relative atmospheric abundances. We show that in all our simulations the atmospheric model rapidly diverges from temperate surface conditions toward a runaway greenhouse with rapidly escalating surface temperatures. We calculate transmission spectra for the evolved atmosphere and discuss these spectra within the context of the James Webb Space Telescope Near-Infrared Spectrograph capabilities. We thus demonstrate the detectability of the key atmospheric signatures of possible runaway greenhouse transition states and outline the future prospects of characterizing potential Venus analogs
Fractura de piso orbitario en un jugador de béisbol
Presentamos un caso de un paciente, jugador de béisbol que sufrió una fractura de piso orbitario al recibir un golpe directo (blowout) con un bate que se le escapó a otro jugador, esta fractura fue reparada con un bloque de Hidroxiapatita Porosa HAP -200 .Una vez reconstruido el defecto óseo, el paciente volvió a su vida normal y comenzó de nuevo a jugar béisbol, debido a que desaparecieron la diplopía y el enoftalmo, por lo que tuvo una completa rehabilitación estética y funcional. En los exámenes radiográficos postoperatorios se observó una excelente reconstrucción del piso de la orbita y una osteointegegración del material implantológicoWe attend one patient, baseball player that suffer floor orbital fracture when he received hit in his eye (blowout) during practice baseball. He was operating and repaired this fracture with Porous Hidroxyapatite HAP-200.After operation he returned to play baseball because disappear the signs and symptoms (diplopia and enophthalmo).The radiography study showed excellent result after one yea
Functional immunomics: Microarray analysis of IgG autoantibody repertoires predicts the future response of NOD mice to an inducer of accelerated diabetes
One's present repertoire of antibodies encodes the history of one's past
immunological experience. Can the present autoantibody repertoire be consulted
to predict resistance or susceptibility to the future development of an
autoimmune disease? Here we developed an antigen microarray chip and used
bioinformatic analysis to study a model of type 1 diabetes developing in
non-obese diabetic (NOD) male mice in which the disease was accelerated and
synchronized by exposing the mice to cyclophosphamide at 4 weeks of age. We
obtained sera from 19 individual mice, treated the mice to induce
cyclophosphamide-accelerated diabetes (CAD), and found, as expected, that 9
mice became severely diabetic while 10 mice permanently resisted diabetes. We
again obtained serum from each mouse afterCAD induction. We then analyzed the
patterns of antibodies in the individualmice to 266 different antigens spotted
on the antigen chip. We identified a select panel of 27 different antigens (10%
of the array) that revealed a pattern of IgG antibody reactivity in the pre-CAD
serathat discriminated between the mice resistant or susceptible to CAD with
100% sensitivity and 82% specificity (p=0.017). Surprisingly, the set of IgG
antibodies that was informative before CAD induction did not separate the
resistant and susceptible groups after the onset of CAD; new antigens became
criticalfor post-CAD repertoire discrimination. Thus, at least for a model
disease, present antibody repertoires can predict future disease; predictive
and diagnostic repertoires can differ; and decisive information about immune
system behavior can be mined by bioinformatic technology. Repertoires matter.Comment: See Advanced Publication on the PNAS website for final versio
Climate Modeling of a Potential ExoVenus
The planetary mass and radius sensitivity of exoplanet discovery capabilities has reached into the terrestrial regime. The focus of such investigations is to search within the Habitable Zone where a modern Earth-like atmosphere maybe a viable comparison. However, the detection bias of the transit and radial velocity methods lies close to the host star where the received flux at the planet may push the atmosphere into a runaway greenhouse state. One such exoplanet discovery, Kepler-1649b, receives a similar flux from its star as modern Venus does from the Sun, and so was categorized as a possible exoVenus. Here we discuss the planetary parameters of Kepler-1649b in relation to Venus to establish its potential as a Venus analog. We utilize the general circulation model ROCKE-3D (Resolving Orbital and Climate Keys of Earth and Extraterrestrial Environments with Dynamics) to simulate the evolution of the surface temperature of Kepler-1649b under various assumptions, including relative atmospheric abundances. We show that in all our simulations the atmospheric model rapidly diverges from temperate surface conditions toward a runaway greenhouse with rapidly escalating surface temperatures. We calculate transmission spectra for the evolved atmosphere and discuss these spectra within the context of the James Webb Space Telescope Near-Infrared Spectrograph capabilities. We thus demonstrate the detectability of the key atmospheric signatures of possible runaway greenhouse transition states and outline the future prospects of characterizing potential Venus analogs
Constraints on Type Ia Supernova Models from X-ray Spectra of Galaxy Clusters
We present constraints on theoretical models of Type Ia supernovae using
spatially resolved ASCA X-ray spectroscopy of three galaxy clusters: Abell 496,
Abell 2199 and Abell 3571. All three clusters have central iron abundance
enhancements; an ensemble of abundance ratios are used to show that most of the
iron in the central regions of the clusters comes from SN Ia. These
observations are consistent with the suppressed galactic wind scenario proposed
by Dupke and White (1999). At the center of each cluster, simultaneous analysis
of spectra from all ASCA instruments shows that the nickel to iron abundance
ratio (normalized by the solar ratio) is Ni/Fe ~ 4. We use the nickel to iron
ratio as a discriminator between SN Ia explosion models: the Ni/Fe ratio of
ejecta from the "Convective Deflagration" model W7 is consistent with the
observations, while those of "delayed detonation" models are not consistent at
the 90% confidence level.Comment: 20 pages, 2 figures, accepted by The Astrophysical Journa
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