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Design of Experiments Approach for Statistical Classification of Stereolithography Manufacturing Build Parameters: Effects of Build Orientation on Mechanical Properties for ASTM D-638 Type I Tensile Test Specimens of DSM Somos® 11120 Resin
A statistical design of experiments (DOE) approach was used to determine if specific build
orientation parameters impacted mechanical strength of fabricated parts. A single platform (10-
inch by 10 inch cross-section) on the 3D Systems Viper si2 machine was designed to hold 18,
ASTM D-638 Type I samples built in six different orientations (called Location) with three
samples built for each location. The DOE tested four factors: Location, Position, Axis, and
Layout. Each sample within a Location was labeled as Positions 1, 2, or 3 depending on the
distance from the center of the platform with Position 1 being the closest to the center. Samples
were fabricated parallel with the x-axis, y-axis, or 45o
to both axes (called Axis 1, 2, and 3,
respectively) and were fabricated either flat or on an edge relative to the x-y plane (called Layout
1 and 2, respectively). The results from the statistical analyses showed that Axis, Location, and
Position had no significant effect on UTS or E. However, Layout (or whether a sample was built
flat or on an edge) was shown to have a statistically significant effect on UTS and E (at a 95%
level of confidence). This result was not expected since a comparison of the average UTS for
each Layout showed only a 1.2% difference (6966 psi versus 7050 psi for samples built flat and
on an edge, respectively). Because of the small differences in means for UTS, the statistical
differences between Layout most likely would not have been identified without performing the
DOE. Furthermore, Layout was the only factor that tested different orientations of build layers
(or layer-to-layer interfaces) with respect to the sample part, and thus, it appears that the
orientation of the build layer with respect to the fabricated part has a significant effect on the
resulting mechanical properties. This study represents one of many to follow that is using
statistical analyses to identify and classify important fabrication parameters on mechanical
properties for layer manufactured parts. Although stereolithography is the focus of this work, the
techniques developed here can be applied to any layered manufacturing technology.Mechanical Engineerin
Paper Session II-C - A NASA Predictive Safety Model
A proactive methodology for accident prevention, called Continuous Hazard Tracking and Failure Prediction Methodology (CHTFPM), has been developed by utilizing the principles of work sampling and control charting. Sampling is performed to observe the occurrence of conditions that may become hazardous in a given system. These conditions, known as dendritics, could eventually result in an accident or occupational disease. The CHTFPM involves a random sampling for the occurrence of these dendritics. The collected data is then used to generate a control chart. Based on the pattern of the control chart, a system “under control” is not disturbed whereas a system “out of control” is investigated for potential conditions becoming hazardous. Appropriate steps can then be taken to eliminate or control these potentially dangerous and costly conditions to maintain a safe system
Structure and dynamics of the Shapley Supercluster
We present results of our wide-field redshift survey of galaxies in a 285
square degree region of the Shapley Supercluster (SSC), based on a set of 10529
velocity measurements (including 1201 new ones) on 8632 galaxies obtained from
various telescopes and from the literature. Our data reveal that the main plane
of the SSC (v~ 14500 km/s) extends further than previous estimates, filling the
whole extent of our survey region of 12~degrees by 30~degrees on the sky (30 x
75~h-1 Mpc). There is also a connecting structure associated with the slightly
nearer Abell~3571 cluster complex (v~ 12000km/s. These galaxies seem to link
two previously identified sheets of galaxies and establish a connection with a
third one at V= 15000 km/s near R.A.= 13h. They also tend to fill the gap of
galaxies between the foreground Hydra-Centaurus region and the more distant
SSC. In the velocity range of the Shapley Supercluster (9000 km/s < cz < 18000
km/s), we found redshift-space overdensities with b\_j < 17.5 of ~5.4 over the
225 square degree central region and ~3.8 in a 192 square degree region
excluding rich clusters. Over the large region of our survey, we find that the
intercluster galaxies make up 48 per cent of the observed galaxies in the SSC
region and, accounting for the different completeness, may contribute nearly
twice as much mass as the cluster galaxies. In this paper, we discuss the
completeness of the velocity catalogue, the morphology of the supercluster, the
global overdensity, and some properties of the individual galaxy clusters in
the Supercluster.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic
Análisis de las dimensiones de cinismo organizacional de los trabajadores sindicalizados del sector manufacturero de Cartagena de Indias /
El propósito de la presente investigación consistió en el análisis de los factores de Cinismo Organizacional (CO) que emergen en los trabajadores vinculados a organizaciones sindicales en el sector manufacturero de la ciudad de Cartagena de Indias, Colombia; durante el periodo 2017- 2018.Incluye referencias bibliográficas (página 49-56) y anexo
Redshift-space limits of bound structures
An exponentially expanding Universe, possibly governed by a cosmological
constant, forces gravitationally bound structures to become more and more
isolated, eventually becoming causally disconnected from each other and forming
so-called "island universes". This new scenario reformulates the question about
which will be the largest structures that will remain gravitationally bound,
together with requiring a systematic tool that can be used to recognize the
limits and mass of these structures from observational data, namely redshift
surveys of galaxies. Here we present a method, based on the spherical collapse
model and N-body simulations, by which we can estimate the limits of bound
structures as observed in redshift space. The method is based on a theoretical
criterion presented in a previous paper that determines the mean density
contrast that a spherical shell must have in order to be marginally bound to
the massive structure within it. Understanding the kinematics of the system, we
translated the real-space limiting conditions of this "critical" shell to
redshift space, producing a projected velocity envelope that only depends on
the density profile of the structure. From it we created a redshift-space
version of the density contrast that we called "density estimator", which can
be calibrated from N-body simulations for a reasonable projected velocity
envelope template, and used to estimate the limits and mass of a structure only
from its redshift-space coordinates.Comment: Contains 12 pages, 12 figures and 8 table
Effects of Cinnamomum zeylanicum on glycemic levels in patients with type 2 diabetes: Randomized clinical trial
Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto del consumo de suplemento de Cinnamomum zeylanicum (canela) en los niveles glucémicos de adultos mexicanos con diabetes tipo 2. Métodos: Se realizó un ensayo clínico aleatorizado simple ciego con 30 pacientes >18 años con diabetes tipo 2, se aleatorizaron en los grupos: intervención y control; donde consumieron cápsulas con 2 gramos de C. zeylanicum o harina de trigo (placebo) diario por 12 semanas y se midieron variables antropométricas y bioquímicas (HbA1c, GPa, triglicéridos, colesterol total, HDL y LDL). Se utilizó el software IBM SPSS versión 23 y se aplicó la prueba T-Student y U-Mann Withney para muestras independientes (según el comportamiento de la variable) para las diferencias entre grupos, valores p0.05). Sin embargo, post-tratamiento el grupo intervención disminuyó significativamente HbA1c al compararlo con su línea base (-0.41%, p=0.01) mientras que no se encontraron diferencias en el grupo control (+0.03%, p=0.64). No hubo diferencias significativas en variables antropométricas ni bioquímicas. Conclusiones: El consumo de 2 g de C. zeylanicum en mexicanos con diabetes tipo 2 no produjo cambios significativos entre grupos. Se sugieren nuevos estudios donde se evalúe el suplemento de canela con una muestra mayor. ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT04023539Objective: To evaluate the effect of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon) supplement use on the glycemic levels of Mexican adults with type 2 diabetes. Methods: A single-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted with 30 patients over 18 years of age with type 2 diabetes. They were randomized into intervention and control groups where they took 2-gram capsules of Cinnamomum zeylanicum or wheat flour (placebo) daily for 12 weeks; then the anthropometric and biochemical variables HbA1c, FPG, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL were measured. IBM SPSS version 23 software was used and the Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney U test for independent samples (according to the behavior of the variable) were applied for differences between groups, p-values 0.05). However, post-treatment, the HbA1c value in the intervention group decreased significantly when compared to their baseline (-0.41%, p=0.01), while no differences were found in the control group (+0.03%, p=0.64). There were no significant differences in the anthropometric or biochemical variables. Conclusions: The consumption of 2 g of Cinnamomum zeylanicum in Mexican people with type 2 diabetes did not produce significant changes between the groups. New studies evaluating cinnamon supplementation on a larger sample size are suggested. ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT0402353
Description of Genetic Variants in BRCA Genes in Mexican Patients with Ovarian Cancer: A First Step towards Implementing Personalized Medicine
Abstract
Gynecologic cancers are among the leading causes of death worldwide, ovarian cancer being the one with the highest mortality rate. Olaparib is a targeted therapy used in patients presenting mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. The aim of this study was to describe BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene variants in Mexican patients with ovarian cancer. Sequencing of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes from tumors of 50 Mexican patients with ovarian cancer was made in a retrospective, non-randomized, and exploratory study. We found genetic variants in 48 of 50 cases. A total of 76 polymorphic variants were found in BRCA1, of which 50 (66%) had not been previously reported. Furthermore, 104 polymorphic variants were found in BRCA2, of which 63 (60%) had not been reported previously. Of these polymorphisms, 5/76 (6.6%) and 4/104 (3.8%) were classified as pathogenic in BRCA1 and BRCA2, respectively. We have described the genetic variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 of tumors from Northeast Mexican patients with sporadic ovarian cancers. Our results showed that the use of genetic testing helps recognize patients that carry pathogenic variants which could be beneficial for personalized medicine treatments.
Keywords: BRCA; ovarian cancer; personalized therapy; sequencin
The Limits of Bound Structures in the Accelerating Universe
According to the latest evidence, the Universe is entering an era of
exponential expansion, where gravitationally bound structures will get
disconnected from each other, forming isolated `island universes'. In this
scenario, we present a theoretical criterion to determine the boundaries of
gravitationally bound structures and a physically motivated definition of
superclusters as the largest bound structures in the Universe. We use the
spherical collapse model self-consistently to obtain an analytical condition
for the mean density enclosed by the last bound shell of the structure (2.36
times the critical density in the present Universe, assumed to be flat, with 30
per cent matter and 70 per cent cosmological constant, in agreement with the
previous, numerical result of Chiueh and He). -body simulations extended to
the future show that this criterion, applied at the present cosmological epoch,
defines a sphere that encloses per cent of the particles that
will remain bound to the structure at least until the scale parameter of the
Universe is 100 times its present value. On the other hand, per
cent of the enclosed particles are in fact not bound, so the enclosed mass
overestimates the bound mass, in contrast with the previous, less rigorous
criterion of, e.~g., Busha and collaborators, which gave a more precise mass
estimate. We also verify that the spherical collapse model estimate for the
radial infall velocity of a shell enclosing a given mean density gives an
accurate prediction for the velocity profile of infalling particles, down to
very near the centre of the virialized core.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figure
Sociodemographic and health predictors of concern about COVID-19 infection in Cuban patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Introduction: Concern about becoming infected is a particularly relevant psychological aspect in the context of a pandemic, as it is associated with social reactions and behavioral changes.
Objectives: The present study sought to determine some sociodemographic and health factors associated with concern about COVID-19 infection in Cuban patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Methods: 203 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who attended nine primary care areas of four Cuban provinces belonging to different regions of the country (65.52% female, mean age 57.5, SD=19.2), selected through non-probabilistic sampling, participated in the study. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the COVID-19 contagion concern scale (PRE-COVID-19) and an evaluation of blood glucose level were applied. Bivariate associations were examined with a series of analyses of variance (ANOVA). Adjusted (multiple) regression with all predictors running simultaneously was also used.
Results: Bivariate analyses showed that age, sex, education, occupation, having comorbidities, and having a family member or friend who had COVID-19 were significantly related to COVID-19 contagion concern. However, when all variables were included simultaneously, only age, technical education, having comorbidities, and having a friend or family member who had COVID-19 remained significant predictors of concern about COVID-19 infection.
Conclusions: Male patients, with a technical level of education, with comorbidities and those who had infected family members or friends presented greater concern for the contagion of COVID-19. The public health policies should develop strategies to assess the mental health of people belonging to vulnerable groups and provide interventions to promote mental health in those who show concern about infection
Influencia de los sistemas de producción y pisos altitudinales en la composición bioquímica y rendimiento del pasto nicarión (setaria sphacelata)
La investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de sistemas de producción y pisos altitudinales en la composición bioquímica y rendimiento del pasto nicarión (Setaria sphacelata) en el distrito de Molinopampa, en dos pisos altitudinales entre los 2000-2400 m s.n.m. y 2401-2800 m s.n.m. En cuanto a los sistemas de producción se consideró el sistema silvopastoril y el sistema de pastoreo a campo abierto. En cada piso altitudinal se identificaron tres parcelas con pasto nicarión bajo sistema silvopastoril y sistema de pastoreo de campo abierto, resultando en 12 parcelas con tres repeticiones. Los parámetros de evaluación fueron el rendimiento (Kg/m2) y el aporte nutricional como proteína, fibra cruda, almidón, azúcares, fibra detergente neutra (FDN) y fibra detergente ácida (FDA). Los datos obtenidos fueron procesados mediante la prueba t-Student al 5% (p<0,05) de significancia. Entre los sistemas de producción se encontraron diferencias significativas en el rendimiento, proteínas, azúcares y la fibra detergente neutra. En cuanto al piso altitudinal se encontraron diferencias significativas en la fibra cruda, azúcares y fibra detergente ácida.</p
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