Comparació del model de llengua de les traduccions: Le Petit Prince

Treball Final de Grau en Traducció i Interpretació. Codi: TI0983. Curs: 2013/2014En aquest treball d’investigació faig una anàlisi del model de llengua que han emprat quatre traductors a l’hora de realitzar les tres traduccions que hi ha al català de la novel·la Le Petit Prince. Així, he revisat, d’una banda, la fidelitat a la normativa i, d’una altra, el component dialectal de les traduccions, ja que aquest llibre ha estat traduït seguint dues varietats dialectals diferents, l’oriental i l’occidental de la llengua catalan

Drawing and construction. Applying normative chromatic codes to monumental restoration in Granada at the outset of the 20th century

[EN] The Ordenanzas municipales de la ciudad de Granada published in 1904 was a modern normative document specifying the mandatory chromatic directives for architectural plans submited when requesting a building license. This code stems from the separation in the mid-19 century of the Degree of Architecture from the Faculty of Fine Arts, which led to the normalization of graphic codes and the necessity of acquiring precise technical knowledge. The current study, based on searches in public archives for chromatic codes relative to architectural interventions, intends not only to explore their role in accurately depicting the reality of the images, but to shed light both on the economy of means deriving from Granada s 19th-century bourgeois transformation and the origins of monumetal restorartion, a young discipline that was to emerge in the first third of the 20th century.[ES] Las Ordenanzas municipales de Granada de 1904 constituyeron un avanzado documento normativo que recogía la obligatoriedad de emplear un código cromático en la representación gráfica de los planos para solicitar licencia de obras. Este criterio surge a mediados del XIX a raíz de la separación del título de Arquitectura de la rama de Bellas Artes, que exigía la síntesis documental de recursos gráficos y precisos conocimientos técnicos.Desde el acceso a archivos de la administración pública para el rastreo de la aplicación de códigos cromáticos en la representación de intervenciones arquitectónicas, se pretende poner en valor la trascendencia de estos criterios no solo para identificar con exactitud la realidad y su imagen representada, sino para explicar con economía de medios la transformación burguesa de la ciudad del novecientos y para constatar el nacimiento de la restauración monumental, una disciplina joven surgida en el primer tercio del siglo XX.Hernández Soriano, R.; Martínez-Quesada, MDC. (2022). Dibujo y construcción. Aplicación de códigos gráficos normativos a la restauración monumental en Granada. EGA Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica. 27(46):88-99. https://doi.org/10.4995/ega.2022.160338899274

Clustering classification of cyclists according to the acute fatigue outcomes produced by an ultra-endurance event

This study aimed to analyze the differences between clusters obtained by the acute effect of fatigue after an ultra-endurance event in the internal and external load of cyclists. 26 volunteers participated in the study, and they were divided into the experimental group (N = 18; height: 177 ± 8 cm; body mass: 78.6 ± 10.3 kg) and the control group (N = 8; height: 176 ± 10 cm; body mass: 78.0 ± 15.7 kg). The experimental group completed a 12 h non-stop cycling event. Jump height, lactate, plasma antioxidant capacity, pain perception and fatigue perception were measured before and after the event. Cyclists of the experimental group were classified considering their training characteristics (recreational vs. competitive) and by conducting a non-supervised K-means clustering. The differentiation of cyclists according to training characteristics resulted in a lower distance covered by recreational than competitive cyclists (279.4 ± 39.7 km vs. 371.0 ± 71.7 km; ES ≥ 0.8; p 0.05). The clustering analysis provided two clusters. Cluster 2 suffered a greater jump height reduction (-3.3 ± 1.6 vs. 1.2 ± 0.8; ES ≥ 0.8; p < 0.001) and increased pain and fatigue perception (ES ≥ 0.5; p < 0.05) after the race than Cluster 1. In conclusion, counter-movement jump can differentiate the fatigue produced by a cycling ultra-endurance event and therefore, this non-invasive technique is useful in fatigue monitoring and recovery planification

Human body flotation and organic responses to water immersion

Swimming is a physical activity performed in an environment where human beings are not adapted from an evolutionary point of view. For this reason, swimming for humans is considered an ontogenetic movement and not a phylogenetic one such as walking or running on land. Locomotion into the water has some very specific characteristics for the human being, since the body experiences a situation of hydrostatic microgravity which in most cases enables flotation. Flotation capacity is affected by the physicochemical properties of the water (temperature and osmolarity) and by the body characteristics of the immersed person. In this situation: (1) joints no longer experience the load implied by supporting body weight on land, (2) blood flows more easily, and (3) the type of muscular work is basically concentric. Body balance is other important aspects to take into account, especially in swimmers with amputated limbs or limbs paralysis. Finally, the thermoregulatory response of the human body to changes in water temperature is also considered a useful and extended recovery method

Effects of the exercise in the cerebral blood flow and metabolism. A review

In recent years it has been shown that cerebral blood flow is affected by intense exercise, what may even lead to a reduction in the cognitive capacity. This statement is contrary to the traditional belief that cerebral blood flood remains constant and unaltered even when exercise is performed. During physical exercise of moderate intensity, cerebral blood flow increases in the cerebral areas responsible for movement. Moreover, recent studies have observed that cerebral blood flow decreases during high-intensity exercise as a consequence of a local hyperventilation and vasoconstriction of the areas with lower cerebral activity. Traditionally, the glucose has been considered as the main and unique source of energy for the brain. However, new studies are suggesting that as the intensity of exercise increases, the glucose uptake decreases in favour of an increase in the lactate uptake. Finally, Hyperthermia may also play a major role in the cerebral regulation system, since it can provoke central fatigue as well as hypoglycaemia

Effect of cycling specialization on effort and physiological responses to uphill and flat cycling at similar intensity

[EN] Power output is considered one of the best tools to control external loads in cycling, but the relationship between a target power output and the physiological responses may suffer from the effects of road gradient, which is also affected by cyclist specialization. The objective was to determine the effects of cyclist specialization on effort perception and physiological response (heart rate and lactate concentration) while sustaining efforts at similar power output but riding on two different road gradients. Nineteen male competitive road cyclists performed two randomized trials of 10 min at 0% (velodrome) and 10 min at 6% road gradient (field uphill), at an intensity of 10% ± 3% below the individual’s functional threshold power. Cadence was kept between 75 and 80 rpm in both trials and posture remained unchanged during the tests. Heart rate, speed, cadence, power output, blood lactate, and rate of perceived effort were measured for each trial. K-means cluster analyses differentiate uphill (n = 10) and flat specialists (n = 9) according to lactate responses. Flat specialists presented lower heart rate (p < 0.001 and ES = 0.2), perceived exertion (p < 0.01 and ES = 0.7), and blood lactate concentration (p < 0.001 and ES = 0.7) riding on the flat than uphill. Uphill specialists presented lower perceived exertion (p < 0.01 and ES = 0.8) and blood lactate concentration (p < 0.01 and ES = 0.5) riding uphill than on the flat. In conclusion, the combination of cyclist specialization and road gradient affects physiological and effort perception parameters in response to a similar power output demand. These factors deserve attention in training schedules and monitoring performance using power output data.S

Effects of exercise in people with cerebral palsy. A review.

Regardless the advances in medical science, it seems that the prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP) has been increasing during the last forty years. Cerebral palsy is associated with muscle weakness and impaired circulation that leads to muscle spasticity and deficits in motor control, thereby limiting the individual¿s ability to perform not only leisure, social or occupational activities but also basic daily tasks. In this sense, exercise is gaining popularity as an intervention choice for this population. Literature aiming to improve the quality of life of patients suffering from cerebral pathologies such as cerebral palsy has observed that both strength and aerobic training lead to significant benefits that improve the quality of life of these patients via a reduction in dependency, muscular deficits and improved cardiorespiratory capacity

Exploring the Effects of Metabolism-Disrupting Chemicals on Pancreatic α-Cell Viability, Gene Expression and Function: A Screening Testing Approach

Humans are constantly exposed to many environmental pollutants, some of which have been largely acknowledged as key factors in the development of metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity. These chemicals have been classified as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and, more recently, since they can interfere with metabolic functions, they have been renamed as metabolism-disrupting chemicals (MDCs). MDCs are present in many consumer products, including food packaging, personal care products, plastic bottles and containers, and detergents. The scientific literature has ever-increasingly focused on insulin-releasing pancreatic β-cells as one of the main targets for MDCs. Evidence highlights that these substances may disrupt glucose homeostasis by altering pancreatic β-cell physiology. However, their potential impact on glucagon-secreting pancreatic α-cells remains poorly known despite the essential role that this cellular type plays in controlling glucose metabolism. In the present study, we have selected seven paradigmatic MDCs representing major toxic classes, including bisphenols, phthalates, perfluorinated compounds, metals, and pesticides. By using an in vitro cell-based model, the pancreatic α-cell line αTC1-9, we have explored the effects of these compounds on pancreatic α-cell viability, gene expression, and secretion. We found that cell viability was moderately affected after bisphenol-A (BPA), bisphenol-F (BPF), and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) exposure, although cytotoxicity was relatively low. In addition, all bisphenols, as well as di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and cadmium chloride (CdCl2), promoted a marked decreased on glucagon secretion, together with changes in the expression of glucagon and/or transcription factors involved in cell function and identity, such as Foxo1 and Arx. Overall, our results indicated that most of the selected chemicals studied caused functional alterations in pancreatic α-cells. Moreover, we revealed, for the first time, their direct effects on key molecular aspects of pancreatic α-cell biology.This study received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under Grant agreement no. 825712 (OBERON) project and Generalitat Valenciana: PROMETEO/2020/006 grant. The author’s laboratory also holds grant PID2020-113112RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. CIBERDEM is an initiative of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III

The effect of visual focus on spatio-temporal and kinematic parameters of treadmill running

The characteristics of a treadmill and the environment where it is based could influence the user’s gaze and have an effect on their running kinematics and lower limb impacts. The aim of this study was to identify the effect of visual focus on spatio-temporal parameters and lower limb kinematics during treadmill running. Twenty six experienced runners ran at 3.33 m s−1 on a treadmill under two visual conditions, either looking ahead at a wall or looking down at the treadmill visual display. Spatio-temporal parameters, impact accelerations of the head and tibia, and knee and ankle kinematics were measured for the final 15 s of a 90 s bout of running under each condition. At the end of the test, participants reported their preference for the visual conditions assessed. Participants’ stride angle, flight time, knee flexion during the flight phase, and ankle eversion during contact time were increased when runners directed visual focus toward the wall compared to the treadmill display (p 0.05). However, the effect size of all biomechanical alterations was small. The Treadmill condition was the preferred condition by the participants (p < 0.001; ESw = 1.0). The results of the current study indicate that runners had a greater mass centre vertical displacement when they ran looking ahead, probably with the aim of compensating for reduced visual feedback, which resulted in larger head accelerations. Greater knee flexion during the flight phase and ankle eversion during the contact time were suggested as compensatory mechanisms for lower limb impacts