63 research outputs found
La gestione delle risorse umane in Italia : bilancio di un decennio
Le ricerche internazionali pi\uf9
recenti sottolineano che, nella
gestione delle risorse umane, le
imprese si stanno spostando da
modelli in cui le persone sono
considerate un costo da minimizzare
verso modelli caratterizzati
da una gestione integrata nel
business, all\u2019interno della quale le
persone sono ritenute strategiche
per il conseguimento di un vantaggio
competitivo durevole per
l\u2019impresa.
Il presente contributo si basa su
una survey condotta nel 2009
sulla Direzione delle Risorse
Umane di 102 imprese operanti in
Italia, utilizzando lo stesso strumento
di raccolta dati utilizzato
in una survey simile condotta nel
1999.
Sulla base dei dati emergenti l\u2019articolo
raggiunge due risultati: presenta
un\u2019analisi longitudinale
sulla gestione delle risorse umane
in Italia, confrontando le evidenze
del 1999 con quelle del 2009;
ed analizza in che misura le politiche
di gestione delle risorse
umane dichiarate sono coerenti
con le pratiche effettivamente
implementate, anche qui offendo
un raffronto a distanza di dieci
anni
Human Resource Management: evoluzione o involuzione?
QUESTO ARTICOLO INDAGA IN CHE MISURA LE DIREZIONI
DELLE RISORSE UMANE OPERANTI IN ITALIA ABBIANO FATTO
PROPRI, NELLA PROSPETTIVA DELLO HUMAN RESOURCE MAN -
AGEMENT, I MODELLI ORIENTATI ALLA VALORIZZAZIONE DELLE
RISORSE UMANE O QUELLI CHE ENFATIZZANO LA COERENZA
TRA GESTIONE DELLE RISORSE UMANE E STRATEGIE DELL\u2019ORGANIZZAZIONE.
NELLA PRIMA SEZIONE SI ESPONGONO I PRESUPPOSTI TEORICI
DELLA RICERCA; LA SECONDA SEZIONE PRESENTA GLI OBIETTIVI
SPECIFICI DELLA RICERCA E LA METODOLOGIA USATA PER
LA RACCOLTA E L\u2019ANALISI DEI DATI; I RISULTATI SONO ILLUSTRATI
ALL\u2019INTERNO DELLA TERZA SEZIONE DEL DOCUMENTO.
L\u2019ARTICOLO SI CHIUDE CON LA DISCUSSIONE DEI RISULTATI, IN
CUI SI EVIDENZIANO ALCUNI ELEMENTI CRITICI CHE IL CONTESTO
ITALIANO REGISTRA IN MERITO AL PASSAGGIO A UNA PROSPETTIVA
DI HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Gliadin as a stimulator of innate responses in celiac disease
In celiac disease (CD) we have the prototype of an immune mediated response dominated by the activation of the adaptive immune system and in particular of CD4+ HLA class II restricted T cells. Various seminal studies have established the precise mechanism of how antigen (prolamine) specific activation of CD4+ mucosal T cells occurs. Thus, CD is a condition in which T cells and their activation is the essential hinge in the pathogenic process. These functional studies have provided the explanation for the genetic association between CD and certain HLA alleles (HLA DQ2 and DQ8). These genetic, molecular and functional studies have permitted the clarification of a powerful Th1 dominated pro-inflammatory response that characterises the small intestine of active CD patients. Despite this unassailable set of information and reports there are some intriguing points that have been raised by a series of studies which have indicated that CD is not only defined by an aberrant prolamine-induced activation of the adaptive immune system. New evidence and re-assessments of old studies, point to a more complex pathogenic cascade, which may help to unravel some of the residual obscure points of CD pathogenesis. Here, we outline the current concepts that indicate a direct involvement of the adaptive immune system and we discuss all the evidence supporting a direct activation of the innate immune system by fragments of prolamines, which are not recognized T cell epitopes and how they could influence CD. The gliadin-induced activation of the ‘innate’ immune system might also have a significant role in the induction and persistence of many CD complications and most definitively for the most aggressive one, namely mucosal T cell lymphomas. We further suggest a novel way to harness the unwanted immune response to toxic prolamine, and thus indicate new potential therapeutic strategies to treat or at least control CD
INTERLEUKIN 15 MEDIATES EPITHELIAL CHANGES IN CELIAC DISEASE
Villous atrophy and crypt proliferation are key epithelial features of untreated celiac disease. We tried to define whether cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-15, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-7, which share chains of their receptors, could influence the epithelial modifications. Methods: Duodenal biopsy specimens (14 treated and 13 untreated celiac patients, 7 controls) were cultured in vitro for 24 hours with or without gliadin (1 mg/mL), IL-15, IL-7, IL-4, or IL-2 (10 ng/mL). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ were also used in some specimens of untreated celiacs. Epithelial expression of Ki67, FAS, and transferrin receptor (TFR) was detected by immunohistochemistry, and apoptosis by TUNEL technique (percentage of positive enterocytes). IL-15–positive cells were detected by immunohistochemistry in celiac disease and control biopsy specimens; presence of IL-15 was also determined by semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: Only IL-15 induced enterocyte expression of Ki67, TFR, and FAS in treated celiac (P < 0.01 vs. medium) and enterocyte apoptosis in untreated celiac disease specimens. Anti–IL-15 monoclonal antibodies neutralized gliadin-induced enterocyte TFR and FAS expression in treated celiac and enterocyte apoptosis in untreated celiac disease specimens (P < 0.05 vs. gliadin). IL-15–positive cells were increased in untreated celiacs (P < 0.001 vs. treated celiacs and controls). Conclusions: IL-15 is involved in the modulation of epithelial changes in celiac disease, indicating that this cytokine has an unforeseen role in the pathologic manifestations of celiac diseas
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