The Relationship of Sedentary Behavior and Sleep Duration to The Incidence of Obesity in Children under Five in Central Jakarta and The Review of Islamic Perspective

Introduction: Children under five should have their nutritional status checked regularly due to their susceptibility to diseases and nutritional problems. Inappropriate or excessive accumulation of fat, called obesity, can jeopardize their health. Assessment of nutritional status in obese toddlers can use anthropometric standards that are converted into Z-score values based on IMT/U with the category of obesity if the Z-score value is +3 SD. Sedentary behaviour is when a person spends sitting or lying down with low energy expenditure outside sleep. Children and adolescents with high sedentary behaviour are prone to an increase in adipocytes that cause obesity. Children aged 3-5 years with poor sleep duration (10 hours/day) are at greater risk of obesity. Methods: This type of research is quantitative with a cross-sectional design. The sample of this study was 70 children aged 2-5 years in Sawah Besar District, who were included in the inclusion criteria. Results: Out of 70 toddlers in Central Jakarta, 37 people (52.9%) were obese, and 33 (47.1%) were ordinary. Based on the results of statistical tests using the Chi-Square test, the p-value is 0.05, which can be concluded that there is a relationship between sedentary behaviour and obesity and a relationship between sleep duration and obesity. Conclusion: The research results show a significant relationship (p 0.03) between sedentary behaviour and obesity, with an Odd Ratio value of 3.137. There is also a meaningful relationship (p 0.016) between sleep duration and obesity, with an Odd Ratio value of 3.646 in Sawah Besar District, Central Jakarta toddlers

Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Sikap Dokter Umum di RS JUWITA Bekasi Mengenai Resusitasi Jantung Paru (RJP) untuk Menangani End of Life pada Pasien

Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan angka keberhasilan Resusitasi Jantung Paru (RJP) hingga saat ini masih buruk. RJP berhasil dilakukan pada pembedahan jantung, henti jantung yang disaksikan kangsung, irama jantung yang tidak beraturan (ventricular fibrillation atau tachycardia). Penelitian lain menunjukkan tindakan RJP sering bertentangan dengan keinginan pasien. Padahal setiap keputusan harus dibuat tanpa paksaan dan dengan kesadaran penuh, sebaliknya tindakan RJP sering dilakukan pada waktu penderita dalam keadaan incompetency. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Sikap Dokter Umum di RS JUWITA Bekasi Mengenai RJP pada Akhir Kehidupan Pasien (end of life) dan Tinjauannya Menurut Islam. Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan studi deskriptif cross sectional menggunakan kuesioner, dan menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel non-probabilitas. Hasil. Pengetahuan responden mengenai RJP ditemukan 30 responden menjawab dengan benar indikasi dan tujuan RJP, tetapi hanya 2 responden yang mengetahui angka keberhasilan RJP. Selain itu, ditemukan 18 responden yang melakukan RJP pada kasus death on arrival (DoA). Penilaian sikap responden menemukan bahwa 16 responden bersedia mentalkinkan pasien pada akhir kehidupan mereka, dan 18 responden akan melakukan informed consent sebelum malakukan tindakan RJP. Tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap responden mengenai RJP di RS Juwita Bekasi tergolong dalam kategori yang baik menurut studi ini. Simpulan. Tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap dokter mengenai resusitasi jantung paru di RS Juwita Bekasi memiliki nilai yang baik, hal ini sejalan dengan “pengetahuan yang baik akan memiliki sikap yang baik”

The Relationship Between Physical Activity and Sleep Duration on The Incidence of Obesity in Children under Five in Central Jakarta and The Review of Islamic Perspective

Introduction: The excessive buildup of fat, known as obesity, can negatively affect health. In 2020, there will be 38.9 million overweight children under the age of five worldwide. 7.8% of toddlers in DKI Jakarta are fat, compared to 7.04% in central Jakarta. A variety of factors cause obesity. The two most important factors are insufficient sleep time and physical exercise.  Methodology: This type of research is quantitative with a cross-sectional design. The study population was toddlers in Sawah Besar District, Central Jakarta, a total of 70 people. Results: The results showed that 33 people (47.1%) were ordinary, four people (5.7%) were at risk of being overweight, three people (4.3%) were fat, and 30 people (42.9%) were obese. Moderate physical activity was found in 15 people (50%) normal and 15 people (50%) obese. At the same time, physical activity is less, with as many as 18 people (45%) ordinary and 22 people (55%) obese. Found adequate sleep duration in 21 people (63.648%) were ordinary, and 12 (36.36%) were obese. At the same time, the rest period is seen in as many as 12 people (32.43%) normal and 25 people (67.57%) obese. P=0.810 and p=0.016 show differences in physical activity and sleep duration in obese toddlers. Conclusion: In toddlers in the Sawah Besar District of Central Jakarta, there is a meaningful association between sleep duration and the incidence of obesity (p=0.016) and no relationship between physical activity and the incidence of obesity (p=0.810) with an Odd Ratio value of 1.222

Differentiation of N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) rapid and intermediate acetylator based on genotype and urinary assay

BackgroundDetermination of the acetylator type of NAT2 generally can be predicted based on genotype data from the NAT2 database. However, in some reported studies, it does not show 100 per cent concordance with the phenotype based on urinary assay. The assay generally only differentiates the rapid and slow acetylator but does not consider the intermediate one. AimsWe conducted this study to define the phenotype of NAT2 based on both genotyping and urinary assay and to determine the concordance rate between both methods in rapid and intermediate acetylator groups. Methods NAT2 genotyping was done using the PCR-direct sequencing in a total of 30 healthy subjects. However, for the NAT2 phenotypes we only selected 19 healthy subjects that carry rapid or intermediate acetylator genotype, without involving slow acetylator phenotype. The assay was done by measuring the ratios of urinary caffeine metabolites following controlled diet exposure.Results Both data obtained from genotyping and urinary assay showed 2 samples that belonged to the rapid acetylator and 17 samples that belonged to the intermediate acetylator. The mean metabolic ratio of the rapid acetylator group showed a higher level (0.5) than the intermediate group (0.28). The predicted acetylation status of NAT2 SNPs from genotyping was matched with the phenotype which was determined by urinary analysis.ConclusionOur result showed a 100 per cent concordance of NAT2 phenotype based on the genotyping and urinary assay. Based on this study we suggest that NAT2 phenotype based on genotyping method is simpler and faster, rather than using the urinary assay that is more laborious and costly

Antioxidants and Anticholinesterase Activities of the Characterized Ethanolic of Ripe Sesoot (Garcinia picrorrhiza Miq.) Fruit Extract (GpKar) and Xanthone

Oxidative stress has been known to contribute to Alzheimer’s disease. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme may lead to Alzheimer’s disease as a neurotransmitter. Antioxidants may have protective activities against oxidative damage and Alzheimer’s disease. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors also can be used in the treatment of various neurological disorders for management of Alzheimer’s disease. This study aimed to determine antioxidant and anticholinesterase effects of Garcinia picrorrhiza Miq. fruit extract (GpKar) and its compounds, xanthone. Antioxidant activity was measured by H2O2 scavenging inhibitory activity, while anticholinesterase activity was measured using modified Ellman method. GpKar has higher H2O2 scavenging inhibitory activity (IC50= 967.28 µg/ml) compared to xanthone (IC50= 1198.95 µg/ml). In the anticholinesterase inhibitory activity, GpKar has lower activity (IC50= 70.25 µg/ml) compared to xanthone (11.80 µg/ml). In summary, GpKar has higher antioxidant activity but lower anticholinesterase activity compared to its compounds, xanthone. However, GpKar has potency as antioxidant agent to prevent Alzheimer’s disease

Antioxidants, anticollagenase and antielastase potentials of ethanolic extract of ripe sesoot (Garcinia picrorrhiza Miq.) fruit as antiaging

Introduction: Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical that belongs to reactive nitrogen species (RNS). The excess amount of NO in body generates physical changing on skin as a consequence of alteration in connective tissue through formation of lipid peroxides, cell content, and enzymes. These free radicals induce damage to extracellular matrix (ECM) and are responsible in reducing skin elasticity. Antioxidants possess significant role in delaying aging process by scavenging free radicals and preventing collagenase and elastase enzymes activities. This study aimed to evaluate antioxidants, anticollagenase and antielastase potentials of ethanolic extract of ripe sesoot (Garcinia picrorrhiza Miq.) fruit (GpKar) as antiaging remedy. Methods: Antioxidant activity was performed by NO scavenging activity assay, while anti-aging activity was performed through inhibitory effects of collagenase and elastase activities. Results: In antioxidant activity, GpKar had lower NO scavenging activity (IC50=1530.34 µg/ mL) compared to xanthone (IC50=85.40 µg/mL). In collagenase inhibitory activity, GpKar also had lower inhibition collagenase activity (IC50= 1169.31 µg/mL) compared to xanthone (IC50= 286.32 µg/mL). In elastase inhibitory activity, GpKar had lower inhibition elastase activity (IC50= 152.93 µg/mL) compared to xanthone (IC50= 21.26 µg/mL). Conclusion: In summary, GpKar and its compounds possess antioxidant, anticollagenase, and antielastase activities for antiaging, and might be beneficial in these subjects

In-vitro studies on antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of Sesoot (Garcinia picrorrhiza Miq.) fruit ethanolic extract from Indonesia

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease that can be identified by high levels of blood glucose. Garcinia plants have been widely used for many traditional medicines as antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetics, and antiinflammation. The antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of (Garcinia picrorrhiza Miq.) or sesoot fruit extract were evaluated in this study and compared with xanthone. The antioxidant and antidiabetic of ethanolic ripe sesoot (G. picrorrhiza Miq.) fruit extract (GpKar) was evaluated by (ABTS) reducing activity, α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, and α-amylase inhibitor activity. GpKar showed higher ABTS-reducing activity (IC50 = 49.30 µg/mL) than xanthone (IC50 = 404.30 µg/mL). GpKar showed IC50 = 109.32 µg/mL for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, while xanthones had a better activity (IC50 = 33.97 µg/mL). GpKar also showed lower α-amylase inhibitory activity and  β-glucosidase (IC50 = 126.01 and 9432.09 µg/mL) compared to xanthone (IC50 = 44.32 and 405.03 µg/mL, respectively). The compounds of GpKar are proven to have antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. Therefore, it will be industrially relevant to develop a natural medicine for decreasing DM risk, thus evaluating the antioxidant and antidiabetic effect of G. picrorrhiza by a pre-clinic study is needed

Antioxidants and Anticholinesterase Activities of the Characterized Ethanolic of Ripe Sesoot (Garcinia picrorrhiza Miq.) Fruit Extract (GpKar) and Xanthone

Oxidative stress has been known to contribute to Alzheimer’s disease. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme may lead to Alzheimer’s disease as a neurotransmitter. Antioxidants may have protective activities against oxidative damage and Alzheimer’s disease. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors also can be used in the treatment of various neurological disorders for management of Alzheimer’s disease. This study aimed to determine antioxidant and anticholinesterase effects of Garcinia picrorrhiza Miq. fruit extract (GpKar) and its compounds, xanthone. Antioxidant activity was measured by H2O2 scavenging inhibitory activity, while anticholinesterase activity was measured using modified Ellman method. GpKar has higher H2O2 scavenging inhibitory activity (IC50= 967.28 µg/ml) compared to xanthone (IC50= 1198.95 µg/ml). In the anticholinesterase inhibitory activity, GpKar has lower activity (IC50= 70.25 µg/ml) compared to xanthone (11.80 µg/ml). In summary, GpKar has higher antioxidant activity but lower anticholinesterase activity compared to its compounds, xanthone. However, GpKar has potency as antioxidant agent to prevent Alzheimer’s disease

Antioxidant and Antiaging Properties of Ethanolic Ripe Sesoot Fruit Extract

Skin aging can be characterized by changes in skin, such as the appearance of wrinkles and loss of skin moisture. Some elements that might lead to cell damages and aging are free radicals through the increase of the activities of hyaluronidase and tyrosinase. Bioactive compounds found in sesoot (Garcinia picrorhiza Miq.) are known for their antioxidant properties, which may reduce excessive amounts of free radicals in the body and act as an antiaging agent by inhibiting hyaluronidase and tyrosinase activities. This study aimed to examine the antioxidant, anti-hyaluronidase, and anti-tyrosinase properties found in Ethanolic Extract Ripe Sesoot (EERS). The ethanol extract of ripe sesoot fruit obtained from LIPI, Bogor Botanical Garden was used for the antioxidant and antiaging assays conducted at PT Aretha Medika Utama in December 2016. The activity of antioxidants was measured as the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) of the EERS, while the antiaging assays were performed through the inhibition activity of hyaluronidase and tyrosinase. Results indicated that the EERS has a higher FRAP activity (17.58 μM Fe (II)/μg) than xanthone (2.54 μM Fe (II)/μg) at the highest concentration of sample of 5,000 µg/mL. The anti-hyaluronidase of the EERS exhibited lower activity (IC50 of 619.21±12.15 µg/mL) than xanthone (IC50 of 365.55±25.10 µg/mL) and the tyrosinase inhibitory assay demonstrated a lower activity of EERS (IC50 of 1060.68±12.81 µg/mL) compared to xanthone (IC50 of 218.33±9.73 µg/mL). To conclude, EERS shows antioxidant and antiaging properties

Isu Etik dalam Penelitian di Bidang Kesehatan

Buku ini ditulis secara multidisipliner oleh para dokter, ahli farmasi, dan psikolog. Hampir seluruh penulis bukan merupakan etikawan atau teoris etika. Komposisi penulis seperti ini jarang ditemukan, bila bukan tiada, dalam literatur etika penelitian kesehatan di Indonesia. Hal ini sekaligus menjadi ciri distingtif dari buku ini karena buku etika di bidang kesehatan di Indonesia pada umumnya ditulis oleh filsuf atau teoris dalam bidang moral atau etika. Penulisan buku ini mau melengkapi perbendaharaan buku-buku bioetika dan etika penelitian kesehatan yang sudah ada di Indonesia. Hal ini menggambarkan adanya kepedulian aksiologis dari para penulis. Meskipun etika "sedang naik daun" (Bertens, 2001), tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa kepedulian semacam ini sangatlah langka di tengah-tengah sikap pragmatis ilmuwan dan profesi serta berbagai bentuk pengabaian untuk melakukan refleksi etis terhadap keputusan-keputusan yang akan, sedang, atau sudah diambilnya .... (Buku) ini menunjukkan kesadaran ilmuwan dan praktisi penelitian di bidang kesehatan mengenai urgensi penguasaan state of the art isu-isu etis yang berkenaan dengan metodologi maupun isi dari ilmu dan praktiknya sendiri. Hal ini merupakan syarat perlu agar ilmuwan dan praktisi lebih bertanggung jawab dalam memberikan pandangan dan penilaian etis serta menentukan tindakan etisnya