Diffusion of AI Governance

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to address social, economic, and environmental challenges. However, effective use of AI in organizations relies on the establishment of an AI governance framework. Although existing studies have discussed a variety of issues raised by AI-based systems and proposed AI governance frameworks to overcome those issues, organizations face challenges in adopting AI governance. Informed by innovation diffusion theory, this research evaluates the impact of internal and external influences on AI governance adoption between highly regulated and less regulated industries. We also assess the effect of adopting AI governance on organizational performance. Findings from this study will not only provide a nuanced understanding of the source of AI governance adoption, but also provide implications and guidelines for implementing AI governance in organizations

Towards An Integrated Framework for Artificial Intelligence Governance

Artificial intelligence (AI) is being developed and adopted by many organizations throughout the world. As the potential of AI is being leveraged, many opportunities are being realized and continue to emerge. However, potential issues need to be addressed (Wang and Siau, 2019), such as ethical and legal concerns (Siau and Wang, 2020), making an AI governance framework paramount (Wang and Siau, 2018; Chen et al., 2022). To address this need, we propose an integrated AI governance framework based on an analysis of existing AI frameworks from different regions of the world (i.e., United States, European Commission, Singapore, and Hong Kong). More specifically, we systematically analyzed these frameworks, juxtaposed the frameworks to identify similarities and differences, which allowed us to identify the core components of AI governance, and proposed an integrated framework for AI governance that adheres to the characteristics of analytic theory (Gregor, 2006). The proposed AI governance framework encompasses both Strategic as well as Tactical and Operational components. There is an overarching theme that crosses the Strategic, Tactical, and Operational components that we termed Stakeholder Communication, Interaction, and Engagement. The integrated framework can be utilized by practitioners as guidelines for their AI endeavors and it can also serve as a foundation to guide future AI governance research. Moving forward, we plan to conduct case studies on AI governance frameworks in organizations and study their impacts on AI success. Future research also includes extending our proposed AI governance framework and fine-tuning it to fit unique organizational characteristics or specific sectors of industry. REFERENCES Chen, J., Eschenbrenner, B., Nah, F., Siau, K., and Qian, Y. 2022. “Diffusion of AI Governance,” Proceedings of the Seventeenth Midwest Association for Information Systems Conference, Omaha, Nebraska, May 16-17. Gregor, S. 2006. “The Nature of Theory in Information Systems,” MIS Quarterly (30:3), pp. 611-642. Siau, K., and Wang, W. 2020. “Artificial Intelligence (AI) Ethics: Ethics of AI and Ethical AI,” Journal of Database Management (31:2), pp. 74-87. Wang, W., and Siau, K. 2019. “Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Automation, Robotics, Future of Work, and Future of Humanity – A Review and Research Agenda,” Journal of Database Management, (30:1), pp. 61-79. Wang, W., and Siau, K. 2018. “Artificial Intelligence: A Study on Governance, Policies, and Regulations,” Thirteenth Annual Midwest Association for Information Systems Conference, St. Louis, Missouri, May 17-18

A flexible virtual sensor array based on laser-induced graphene and MXene for detecting volatile organic compounds in human breath

Detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in human breath is critical for the early diagnosis of diseases. Good selectivity of VOC sensors is crucial for the accurate analysis of VOC biomarkers in human breath, which consists of more than 200 types of VOCs. In this paper, a flexible virtual sensor array (FVSA) was proposed based on a sensing layer of MXene and laser-induced graphene interdigital electrodes (LIG-IDEs) for detecting VOCs in exhaled human breath. The fabrication of LIG-IDEs avoids the costly and complicated procedures required for the preparation of traditional IDEs. The FVSA's responses of multiple parameters help build a unique fingerprint for each VOC, without a need for changing the temperature of the sensing element, which is commonly used in the VSA of semiconductor VOC sensors. Based on machine learning algorithms, we have achieved highly precise recognition of different VOCs and mixtures and accurate prediction (accuracy of 89.1%) of the objective VOC's concentration in variable backgrounds using this proposed FVSA. Moreover, a blind analysis validates the capacity of the FVSA to identify alcohol content in human breath with an accuracy of 88.9% using breath samples from volunteers before and after alcohol consumption. These results show that the proposed FVSA is promising for the detection of VOC biomarkers in human exhaled breath and early diagnosis of diseases

Prediction and Optimal Scheduling of Advertisements in Linear Television

Advertising is a crucial component of marketing and an important way for companies to raise awareness of goods and services in the marketplace. Advertising campaigns are designed to convey a marketing image or message to an audience of potential consumers and television commercials can be an effective way of transmitting these messages to a large audience. In order to meet the requirements for a typical advertising order, television content providers must provide advertisers with a predetermined number of impressions in the target demographic. However, because the number of impressions for a given program is not known a priori and because there are a limited number of time slots available for commercials, scheduling advertisements efficiently can be a challenging computational problem. In this case study, we compare a variety of methods for estimating future viewership patterns in a target demographic from past data. We also present a method for using those predictions to generate an optimal advertising schedule that satisfies campaign requirements while maximizing advertising revenue

Prediction and Optimal Scheduling of Advertisements in Linear Television

Advertising is a crucial component of marketing and an important way for companies to raise awareness of goods and services in the marketplace. Advertising campaigns are designed to convey a marketing image or message to an audience of potential consumers and television commercials can be an effective way of transmitting these messages to a large audience. In order to meet the requirements for a typical advertising order, television content providers must provide advertisers with a predetermined number of impressions in the target demographic. However, because the number of impressions for a given program is not known a priori and because there are a limited number of time slots available for commercials, scheduling advertisements efficiently can be a challenging computational problem. In this case study, we compare a variety of methods for estimating future viewership patterns in a target demographic from past data. We also present a method for using those predictions to generate an optimal advertising schedule that satisfies campaign requirements while maximizing advertising revenue

Diverse Applications of Nanomedicine

The design and use of materials in the nanoscale size range for addressing medical and health-related issues continues to receive increasing interest. Research in nanomedicine spans a multitude of areas, including drug delivery, vaccine development, antibacterial, diagnosis and imaging tools, wearable devices, implants, high-throughput screening platforms, etc. using biological, nonbiological, biomimetic, or hybrid materials. Many of these developments are starting to be translated into viable clinical products. Here, we provide an overview of recent developments in nanomedicine and highlight the current challenges and upcoming opportunities for the field and translation to the clinic. \ua9 2017 American Chemical Society

A Multi-Antenna Spectrum Sensing Method Based on CEEMDAN Decomposition Combined with Wavelet Packet Analysis

In many practical communication environments, the presence of uncertain and hard-to-estimate noise poses significant challenges to cognitive radio spectrum sensing systems, especially when the noise distribution deviates from the Gaussian distribution. This paper introduces a cutting-edge multi-antenna spectrum sensing methodology that synergistically integrates complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN), wavelet packet analysis, and differential entropy. Signal feature extraction commences by employing CEEMDAN decomposition and wavelet packet analysis to denoise signals collected by secondary antenna users. Subsequently, the differential entropy of the preprocessed signal observations serves as the feature vector for spectrum sensing. The spectrum sensing module utilizes the SVM classification algorithm for training, while incorporating elite opposition-based learning and the sparrow search algorithm with genetic variation to determine optimal kernel function parameters. Following successful training, a decision function is derived, which can obviate the need for threshold derivation present in conventional spectrum sensing methods. Experimental validation of the proposed methodology is conducted and comprehensively analyzed, conclusively demonstrating its remarkable efficacy in enhancing spectrum sensing performance

Diffusion of AI Governance

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to address social, economic, and environmental challenges. However, effective use of AI in organizations relies on the establishment of an AI governance framework. Although existing studies have discussed a variety of issues raised by AI-based systems and proposed AI governance frameworks to overcome those issues, organizations face challenges in adopting AI governance. Informed by innovation diffusion theory, this research evaluates the impact of internal and external influences on AI governance adoption between highly regulated and less regulated industries. We also assess the effect of adopting AI governance on organizational performance. Findings from this study will not only provide a nuanced understanding of the source of AI governance adoption, but also provide implications and guidelines for implementing AI governance in organizations

Edge Detection With Direction Guided Postprocessing for Farmland Parcel Extraction

Farmland is a significant resource for human survival and development. Rapid acquisition of farmland information is the basis for dynamic crop detection and sustainable land development. The continuous development of high-resolution remote sensing imagery makes it possible to make a wide range of refined earth observation. With better image interpretation ability, image segmentation method based on deep learning can bring specific results from high-resolution imagery and is widely used in remote sensing. However, existing image segmentation methods based on semantic segmentation have difficulties to extracting refined farmland parcels. Deep neural network is used to detect farmland edge. We use high-resolution network to achieve feature extraction that retains high-resolution features, strengthens the feature representation of network context information based on object-contextual representations module, and carries out more complete interpretation of farmland and its boundary. Finally, we design a farmland edge postprocessing method to connect the disconnected boundary based on the direction information generated by the connectivity attention module, and finally obtained the farmland boundary which is complete enough to be closed for generating farmland parcels. To verify our method, we used Google Earth image to label farmland boundaries and conduct experimental verification. The results show that our proposed model has a higher precision for farmland edge detection, and the postprocessing method of boundary connection can effectively close the boundary lines and achieve more detailed and complete farmland parcels