Classifier selection with permutation tests

This work presents a content-based recommender system for machine learning classifier algorithms. Given a new data set, a recommendation of what classifier is likely to perform best is made based on classifier performance over similar known data sets. This similarity is measured according to a data set characterization that includes several state-of-the-art metrics taking into account physical structure, statistics, and information theory. A novelty with respect to prior work is the use of a robust approach based on permutation tests to directly assess whether a given learning algorithm is able to exploit the attributes in a data set to predict class labels, and compare it to the more commonly used F-score metric for evaluating classifier performance. To evaluate our approach, we have conducted an extensive experimentation including 8 of the main machine learning classification methods with varying configurations and 65 binary data sets, leading to over 2331 experiments. Our results show that using the information from the permutation test clearly improves the quality of the recommendations.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

La acción de las giberelinas en la diferenciación floral de los cítricos (Citrus spp.)

[ES] La producción de cítricos sufre variaciones debido a factores exógenos como los climáticos, a factores económicos en los lugares de producción y, principalmente, a factores fisiológicos que determinan la relación entre la floración y la cosecha. Esto último es debido a dos tipos de problemas: 1) variedades que presentan un exceso de floración y baja capacidad de cuajado, dando lugar a ciclos improductivos (OFF), y 2) variedades que presentan una falta de floración tras una cosecha elevada, dando lugar a ciclos bianuales de producción conocidos como alternancia de cosechas o vecería, lo cual se da con mayor intensidad en variedades de recolección tardía. Esto ocurre ya que la presencia del fruto durante el periodo de inducción floral (noviembre) activa el gen inhibidor de la floración CcMADS19 en las hojas, provocando la represión del gen promotor de la floración FLOWERING LOCUS T (CiFT3). Después, en el momento de la diferenciación floral, el fruto inhibe la brotación y la expresión de los genes responsables de la diferenciación, LEAFY (CsLFY) y APETALLA1 (CsAP1), en las yemas. Todo ello anula la floración, iniciando el año OFF. Los tratamientos agronómicos que reducen la intensidad de floración fallan en estas situaciones extremas, de exceso de flores, lo que dificulta resolver el problema. La técnica empleada para regular el exceso de floración se basa en la aplicación de ácido giberélico (AG). El género citrus presenta dos momentos de sensibilidad: el primero, durante la inducción floral, el AG interfiere en la expresión del gen CiFT3 pero sin activar al gen inhibidor CcMADS19. El segundo, y menos estudiado, durante la diferenciación floral, el AG reduce la brotación y la floración de un modo similar a como lo hace el fruto. Para avanzar en el conocimiento del control de la floración en los cítricos, en este TFM, se ha estudiado el efecto de la aplicación de AG en la diferenciación floral, del naranjo y el mandarino. Para ello, se han realizado aplicaciones localizadas de AG a yemas de brotes sin fruto, y se ha determinado el efecto inhibitorio sobre la brotación, la floración, y sobre la expresión de los genes de la diferenciación floral, la división celular y los genes relacionados con el mantenimiento del meristemo vegetativo y crecimiento indeterminado, en comparación con ramas sin tratar y ramas con fruto.[EN] Citrus production suffer variations due to exogenous factors such as climatic, economic and, mainly, physiological factors that determine the relationship between flowering and harvest. The latter is due to two types of problems: 1) varieties that present excessive flowering and low fruit set capacity, leading to unproductive cycles (OFF), and 2) varieties that present a lack of flowering after a high harvest, giving rise to biannual production cycles known as alternation bearing, which occurs with greater intensity in late-harvest varieties. This occurs since the presence of the fruit during the floral induction period (November) activates the flowering inhibitor gene CcMADS19 in the leaves, causing the repression of the flowering promoter gene FLOWERING LOCUS T (CiFT3). Later, at the time of floral differentiation, the fruit inhibits bud sprouting and the expression of the genes responsible for differentiation, LEAFY (CsLFY) and APETALLA1 (CsAP1), in the buds. All this cancels the flowering ability, starting the year OFF. Agronomic treatments that reduce flowering intensity fail in these extreme situations, with excess flowers, making it difficult to solve the problem. The technique used to regulate excess flowering is based on the application of gibberellic acid (GA). The genus Citrus presents two moments of sensitivity: the first, during floral induction, the GA interferes in the expression of the CiFT3 gene but without activating the inhibitor gene CcMADS19. The second, and less studied, during floral differentiation, GA reduces bud sprouting and flowering in a similar way to how the fruit does. In order to advance in the knowledge of the control of flowering in citrus, in this TFM, the effect of the application of GA on flower differentiation of orange and mandarin trees has been studied. To do so, localized applications of GA have been made to buds of shoots without fruit, and studied the inhibitory effect on bud sprouting, flowering, and on the expression of cell division and meristem identity genes, those related with flowering, and others related with the maintenance of the vegetative meristem and indeterminate growth. Untreated branches and branches with fruit were used as flowering and non-flowering controls, respectively.Pascual Quesada, V. (2021). La acción de las giberelinas en la diferenciación floral de los cítricos (Citrus spp.). Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/170014TFG

Applicator for RF Thermokeratoplasty: Feasibility Study Using Theoretical Modeling and Ex Vivo Experiments

Radiofrequency (RF) thermokeratoplasty uses RF currents to alter the curvature of the cornea by means of thermal lesions. An RF applicator which combined a microkeratome suction ring and a circular electrode was designed with the aim of creating circular thermal lesions in a predictable, uniform and safe way. An experimental study was conducted on ex vivo porcine eyes. A theoretical model was also designed. The experimental results showed a lesion depth of 34.2 ± 11.0% of corneal thickness at a constant voltage of 50 V up to roll-off (1000 X of impedance). With a voltage of 30 V for 30 s the mean depth was 36.8 ± 8.1%. The progress of electrical impedance throughout heating and lesion dimensions were used to compare the experimental and theoretical results. Both the impedance evolution and lesion dimensions obtained from the theoretical model showed good agreement with the experimental ¿ndings. The ¿ndings suggest that the new applicator could be a suitable option for creating uniform circular thermal lesions.This work received financial support from the Spanish "Plan Nacional de I+D+I del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion" Grant No. TEC2008-01369/TEC and FEDER Project MTM2010-14909. The translation of this paper was partially funded by the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Spain.Trujillo Guillen, M.; Ribera, V.; Quesada, R.; Berjano, E. (2012). Applicator for RF Thermokeratoplasty: Feasibility Study Using Theoretical Modeling and Ex Vivo Experiments. Annals of Biomedical Engineering. 40(5):1182-1191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-011-0492-1S11821191405Abraham, J. P., and E. M. Sparrow. A thermal-ablation bioheat model including liquid-to-vapor phase change, pressure- and necrosis-dependent perfusion, and moisture-dependent properties. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 50:2537–2544, 2007.Alió, J. L., M. I. Ramzy, A. Galal, and P. J. Claramonte. Conductive keratoplasty for the correction of residual hyperopia after LASIK. J. Refract. Surg. 21:698–704, 2005.Arata, M. A., H. L. Nisenbaum, T. W. Clark, and M. C. Soulen. Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of liver tumors with the LeVeen probe: Is roll-off predictive of response? J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 12:455–458, 2001.Berjano, E. J. Theoretical modeling for radiofrequency ablation: state of-the-art and challenges for the future. Biomed. Eng. Online 5:24, 2006.Berjano, E. J., J. L. Alió, and J. Saiz. Modeling for radio-frequency conductive keratoplasty: implications for the maximum temperature reached in the cornea. Physiol. Meas. 26:157–172, 2005.Berjano, E. J., F. Burdío, A. C. Navarro, J. M. Burdío, A. Güemes, O. Aldana, P. Ros, R. Sousa, R. Lozano, E. Tejero, and M. A. de Gregorio. Improved perfusion system for bipolar radiofrequency ablation of liver. Physiol. Meas. 27:N55–N66, 2006.Berjano, E. J., E. Navarro, V. Ribera, J. Gorris, and J. L. Alió. Radiofrequency heating of the cornea: an engineering review of electrodes and applicators. Open Biomed. Eng. J. 1:71–76, 2007.Berjano, E. J., J. Saiz, J. L. Alió, and J. M. Ferrero. Ring electrode for radio-frequency heating of the cornea: modelling and in vitro experiments. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 41:630–639, 2003.Berjano, E. J., J. Saiz, and J. M. Ferrero. Radio-frequency heating of the cornea: theoretical model and in vitro experiments. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 49:196–205, 2002.Bischof, J. C., and X. He. Thermal stability of proteins. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1066:12–33, 2005.Doss, J. D., and J. I. Albillar. A technique for the selective heating of corneal stroma. Contact Intraocular Lens Med. 6:13–17, 1980.Ehrlich, J. S., and E. E. Manche. Regression of effect over long-term follow-up of conductive keratoplasty to correct mild to moderate hyperopia. J. Cataract Refract. Surg. 35:1591–1596, 2009.Gruenberg, P., W. Manning, D. Miller, and W. Olson. Increase in rabbit corneal curvature by heated ring application. Ann. Ophthalmol. 13:67–70, 1981.Haines, D. E., D. D. Watson, and A. F. Verow. Electrode radius predicts lesion radius during radiofrequency energy heating. Validation of a proposed thermodynamic model. Circ. Res. 67:124–129, 1990.Henriques, F. C. Studies of thermal injury. Arch. Pathol. 5:489–502, 1947.Jo, B., and A. Aksan. Prediction of the extent of thermal damage in the cornea during conductive keratoplasty. J. Therm. Biol. 35:167–174, 2010.Kymionis, G. D., P. Titze, M. M. Markomanolakis, I. M. Aslanides, and I. G. Pallikaris. Corneal perforation after conductive keratoplasty with previous refractive surgery. J. Cataract Refract. Surg. 29:2452–2454, 2003.Miller, D., and W. J. Manning. Alterations in curvature of bovine cornea using heated rings. Invest. Ophthalmol. 297, 1978.Miller, M. W., and M. C. Ziskin. Biological consequences of hyperthermia. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 15:702–722, 1989.Moshirfar, M., M. Feilmeier, and R. Kumar. Anterior chamber inflammation induced by conductive keratoplasty. J. Cataract Refract. Surg. 31:1676–1677, 2005.Ou, J. I., and E. E. Manche. Corneal perforation after conductive keratoplasty in a patient with previously undiagnosed Sjögren syndrome. Arch. Ophthalmol. 125:1131–1132, 2007.Pallikaris, I. G., T. L. Naoumidi, and N. I. Astyrakakis. Long-term results of conductive keratoplasty for low to moderate hyperopia. J. Cataract Refract. Surg. 31:1520–1529, 2005.Pearce, J., D. Panescu, and S. S. Thomsen. Simulation of diopter changes in radio frequency conductive keratoplasty in the cornea. WIT Trans. Biomed. Health 8:469–477, 2005.Stahl, J. E. Conductive keratoplasty for presbyopia: 3-year results. J. Refract. Surg. 23:905–910, 2007.Thomsen, S., J. A. Pearce, and W. F. Cheong. Changes in birefringence as markers of thermal damage in tissues. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 36:1174–1179, 1989.Trembly, B. S., N. Hashizume, K. L. Moodie, K. L. Cohen, N. K. Tripoli, and P. J. Hoopes. Microwave thermal keratoplasty for myopia: keratoscopic evaluation in porcine eyes. J. Refract. Surg. 17:682–688, 2001.Xu, W., P. Ye, K. Yao, J. Ma, and H. Xu. Conductive keratoplasty for the treatment of astigmatism induced by corneal trauma or incision. J. Refract. Surg. 26:33–42, 2010

Proyecto Mundo 1-1. Estudio sobre el aprendizaje subliminal de mecánicas a través del diseño de niveles en los videojuegos

El presente documento es la memoria del trabajo de fin de grado para el Grado en Ingeniería Multimedia de la Universidad de Alicante que lleva por título “Proyecto Mundo 1-1: Estudio sobre el aprendizaje subliminal de mecánicas a través del diseño de niveles”. Ha sido realizado por Vicente Andrés Quesada Mora, bajo la supervisión de sus tutores Faraón Llorens Largo y Francisco José Gallego Durán durante el período 2015-2016. Actualmente enseñar a los jugadores mediante manuales impresos es inviable por la complejidad de los videojuegos, es por ello que, durante los primeros compases de la partida, se debe superar un tutorial. Existen varios tipos de tutorial, siendo el más apreciado por los jugadores el tutorial orgánico; aquel que enseña de forma indirecta, mediante un diseño inteligente del nivel. El problema radica en que crear e implementar estos tutoriales es una tarea de gran dificultad para los desarrolladores. El objetivo del Proyecto Mundo 1-1 – en referencia al Mundo 1-1 (World 1-1), el primer nivel del famoso Super Mario Bros. (Nintendo R&D4; 1985) y todo un referente entre los tutoriales orgánicos – es analizar los casos más reconocidos de tutoriales que enseñan jugando para extraer patrones comunes. Una vez definidos se redactarán, a modo de lista de principios de diseño, para ser de utilidad a futuros diseñadores de niveles que quieran crear este tipo de tutoriales, independientemente del tipo de videojuego

Puunhankinnan mahdollisuudet Stora Enson Porin ja Kankaanpään toimistojen alueella

TIIVISTELMÄ Stora Enso laajensi vuosina 2007-2008 perinteisesti Itä-, Etelä ja Pohjois-Suomeen keskittynyttä puunhankinta-aluettaan käsittämään myös Länsi-Suomen. Alueelle muodostettiin Tampereen ja Turun tiimit. Tässä opinnäytetyössä keskityttiin selvittämään Tampereen tiimillä olevien Porin ja Kankaanpään toimistojen aluetta, sen metsävaroja ja mahdollista puunosto-osuutta puutavaralajeittain. Selvitys pohjautuu Metlan (metsäntutkimuslaitos) MetINFO-tilastopalvelusta saataviin toteutuneisiin hakkuumäärätietoihin, metsäkeskuksilta saatuihin ns. ASY-tietoihin (aluesuunnitelmien yhdistelmä), joista saatiin selville tuevien vuosien hakkuumahdollisuudet, sekä metsänomistajille tehtyyn kyselytutkimukseen, joiden pohjalta on laadittu kuntakohtainen hakkuumääräarvio 2010-luvulle. Puunhankinnan tausta-aineistona opinnäytetyössä on käsitelty luvussa 3 mm. metsäverotusta yhteiskunnan ohjailukeinona puun myyntiin, puunmyyjän ja puun ostajan keskinäistä vuorovaikutusta, metsänomistajien käyttäytymisen tutustumista useasta eri näkökulmasta sekä Suomen metsäteollisuuden tämän hetken tilaa. Metsänomistajien kyselytutkimuksessa oli tarkoituksena saada tietoa tulevien vuosien puunmyyntikäyttäytymisestä. Vaikka kyselyhetkellä elettiin puukaupassa edellisistä vuosista hieman alempaa hintatasoa, peräti 45 prosenttia vastaajista aikoi myydä puuta seuraavien 1-2 vuoden aikana ja lähes yhtä moni eli 40 prosenttia seuraavan 3-5 vuoden aikana. Edelleen yli puolet vastaajista eli 56 prosenttia oli sitä mieltä, että puunostajat voisivat ottaa heihin yhteyttä aktiivisesti. Porin ja Kankaanpään toimistojen alueella yksityismetsänomistajat (n. 12.250 metsänomistajaa) myyvät puuta arviolta 1,4 milj. m3/vuosi. Myyntimäärä on suhteellisen tasaista johtuen mm. osalle metsänomistajista metsätulojen tärkeästä roolista tulonmuodostuksesta. Liitteessä 5 on määritelty Stora Enson puutavaran oston markkinaosuus Porin ja Kankaanpään toimistoille. Liite 5 on kokonaisuudessaan salainen

MIMAP: A Framework Paper on the Philippine Industrial and Informal Sectors

As part of the Micro Impacts of Macroeconomic Adjustment Policies project, this study focuses on the manufacturing component of the industrial sector. Specifically, the paper highlights the sector’s export component. It traces the macro adjustment policies and the institutional reforms from 1986 to 1992. Utilizing the Cebu export and subcontracting model, a sectoral analysis of the industrial and informal export manufacturing is performed. Results indicate that reforms on the sector under Aquino administration are virtually the same as that of the Marcos government. It then recommends the continuous dialogue between the government and the private sectorindustrial policies, MIMAP, macroeconomic adjustments

Multipactor radiation analysis within a waveguide region based on a frequency-domain representation of the dynamics of charged particles

A technique for the accurate computation of the electromagnetic fields radiated by a charged particle moving within a parallel-plate waveguide is presented. Based on a transformation of the time-varying current density of the particle into a time-harmonic current density, this technique allows the evaluation of the radiated electromagnetic fields both in the frequency and time domains, as well as in the near- and far-field regions. For this purpose, several accelerated versions of the parallel-plate Green’s function in the frequency domain have been considered. The theory has been successfully applied to the multipactor discharge occurring within a two metal-plates region. The proposed formulation has been tested with a particle-in-cell code based on the finite- difference time-domain method, obtaining good agreement.The authors would like to thank ESA/ESTEC for having funded this research activity through the Contract “RF Breakdown in Multicarrier Systems” ͑Contract No. 19918/06/NL/GLC͒

Splitting the P-Wave: Improved Evaluation of Left Atrial Substrate Modification after Pulmonary Vein Isolation of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

[EN] Atrial substrate modification after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (pAF) can be assessed non-invasively by analyzing P-wave duration in the electrocardiogram (ECG). However, whether right (RA) and left atrium (LA) contribute equally to this phenomenon remains unknown. The present study splits fundamental P-wave features to investigate the different RA and LA contributions to P-wave duration. Recordings of 29 pAF patients undergoing first-ever PVI were acquired before and after PVI. P-wave features were calculated: P-wave duration (PWD), duration of the first (PWDon-peak) and second (PWDpeak-off) P-wave halves, estimating RA and LA conduction, respectively. P-wave onset (PWon-R) or offset (PWoff-R) to R-peak interval, measuring combined atrial/atrioventricular and single atrioventricular conduction, respectively. Heart-rate fluctuation was corrected by scaling. Pre- and post-PVI results were compared with Mann-Whitney U-test. PWD was correlated with the remaining features. Only PWD (non-scaling: & UDelta;=-9.84%, p=0.0085, scaling: & UDelta;=-17.96%, p=0.0442) and PWDpeak-off (non-scaling: & UDelta;=-22.03%, p=0.0250, scaling: & UDelta;=-27.77%, p=0.0268) were decreased. Correlation of all features with PWD was significant before/after PVI (p < 0.0001), showing the highest value between PWD and PWon-R (rho max=0.855). PWD correlated more with PWDon-peak (rho= 0.540-0.805) than PWDpeak-off (rho= 0.419-0.710). PWD shortening after PVI of pAF stems mainly from the second half of the P-wave. Therefore, noninvasive estimation of LA conduction time is critical for the study of atrial substrate modification after PVI and should be addressed by splitting the P-wave in order to achieve improved estimations.This research received financial support from public grants DPI2017-83952-C3, PID2021-00X128525-IV0 and PID2021-123804OB-I00 of the Spanish Government 10.13039/501100011033 jointly with the European Regional Development Fund (EU), SBPLY/17/180501/000411 from Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha and AICO/2021/286 from Generalitat Valenciana.Vraka, A.; Bertomeu-González, V.; Hornero, F.; Quesada, A.; Alcaraz, R.; Rieta, JJ. (2022). Splitting the P-Wave: Improved Evaluation of Left Atrial Substrate Modification after Pulmonary Vein Isolation of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation. Sensors. 22(1):1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/s2201029011322

Mapas de autosimilaridad de la precipitación en España en baja frecuencia

Ponencia presentada en: I Congreso de la Asociación Española de Climatología “La climatología española en los albores del siglo XXI”, celebrado en Barcelona del 1 al 3 de diciembre de 1999.[ES]Se ha desarrollado un método de detección de estructuras coherentes de la precipitación mensual de baja frecuencia en España que introduce de forma combinada un análisis de wavelets y de redes neuronales no supervisadas. El método ha permitido detectar 4 estructuras coherentes oscilantes en baja frecuencia de la precipitación.[EN]A methodology to detect low-frequency coherent structures of monthly precipitation over Spain has been developed. The approach combines both wavelet theory and a neuronal network. As a result, four self-organized maps were isolated as leading precipitation vectors oscillating in low frequency.Este trabajo se ha desarrollado mediante financiación del Proyecto de I+D CLI97-0341-C03-01 del Programa Nacional de I+D de CLIMA