Verification of Smoke Detection in Video Sequences Based on Spatio-temporal Local Binary Patterns

AbstractThe early smoke detection in outdoor scenes using video sequences is one of the crucial tasks of modern surveillance systems. Real scenes may include objects that are similar to smoke with dynamic behavior due to low resolution cameras, blurring, or weather conditions. Therefore, verification of smoke detection is a necessary stage in such systems. Verification confirms the true smoke regions, when the regions similar to smoke are already detected in a video sequence. The contributions are two-fold. First, many types of Local Binary Patterns (LBPs) in 2D and 3D variants were investigated during experiments according to changing properties of smoke during fire gain. Second, map of brightness differences, edge map, and Laplacian map were studied in Spatio-Temporal LBP (STLBP) specification. The descriptors are based on histograms, and a classification into three classes such as dense smoke, transparent smoke, and non-smoke was implemented using Kullback-Leibler divergence. The recognition results achieved 96–99% and 86–94% of accuracy for dense smoke in dependence of various types of LPBs and shooting artifacts including noise

АЛГОРИТМ АНАЛИЗА ДИНАМИЧЕСКИХ ТЕКСТУР

Recognizing dynamic patterns based on visual processing is significant for many applications such as remote monitoring for the prevention of natural disasters, e.g. forest fires, various types of surveillance, e.g. traffic monitoring, background subtraction in challenging environments, e.g. outdoor scenes with vegetation, homeland security applications and scientific studies of animal behavior. In the context of surveillance, recognizing dynamic patterns is of significance to isolate activities of interest (e.g. fire) from distracting background (e.g. windblown vegetation and changes in scene illumination).Methods: pattern recognition, computer vision.Results: This paper presents video based image processing algorithm with samples usually containing a cluttered background. According to the spatiotemporal features, four categorized groups were formulated. Dynamic texture recognition algorithm refers image objects to one of this group. Motion, color, facial, energy Laws and ELBP features are extracted for dynamic texture categorization. Classification based on boosted random forest.Practical relevance: Experimental results show that the proposed method is feasible and effective for video-based dynamic texture categorization. Averaged classification accuracy on the all video images is 95.2%.Постановка проблемы: Обнаружение динамических текстур на видеоизображениях в настоящее время находит все более широкое применение в системах компьютерного зрения. Например, обнаружение дыма и пламени в системах экологического мониторинга, анализ автомобильного трафика при мониторинге загруженности дорог, и в других системах. Поиск объекта интереса на динамическом фоне часто бывает затруднен за счет похожих текстурных признаков или признаков движения у фона и искомого объекта. В связи с этим возникает необходимость разработки алгоритма классификации динамических текстур для выделения объектов интереса на динамическом фоне.Методы: распознавание образов, компьютерное зрение.Результаты: В данной работе рассматривается обработка видеоизображений содержащих объекты с динамическим поведением на динамическом фоне, такие как вода, туман, пламя, текстиль на ветру и др. Разработан алгоритм отнесения объектов видеоизображения к одной из четырех предлагаемых категорий. Извлекаются признаки движения, цветовые особенности, фрактальности, энергетические признаки Ласа, строятся ELBP-гистограммы. В качестве классификатора использован бустинговый случайный лес.Практическая значимость: Разработан метод, позволяющий разделить динамические текстур на категории: по типу движения (периодическое и хаотичное) и типу объектов интереса (природные и искусственные). Экспериментальные исследования подтверждают эффективность предложенного алгоритма для отнесения объектов изображения к той или иной категории. Средняя точность классификации составила 95.2%

Características do planejamento de negócios das atividades de inovação em organizações científicas e educacionais

The purpose of the article is to summarize existing approaches to business planning, to define the structure of the business plan, to emphasize the difference between business planning of scientific organizations in higher education institutions and the corresponding process in commercial organizations, and Make recommendations on the organization and implementation of the planning procedure for the Russian education and scientific development sector. The article presents the main stages of the innovation process, the specificity of the innovation process, and its two-stage nature (where the first stage is completed with the creation of «novation» and the second - «innovation»). The authors present a business planning process and emphasize the peculiarities of its development in institutions scientific and educational organizations. Based on such analysis, the authors make recommendations for business plan developing for such types of organizations.El propósito del artículo es resumir los enfoques existentes para la planificación empresarial, definir la estructura del plan empresarial, enfatizar la diferencia entre la planificación empresarial de las organizaciones científicas en las instituciones de educación superior y el proceso correspondiente en las organizaciones comerciales, y Hacer recomendaciones sobre la organización e implementación del procedimiento de planificación para el sector de desarrollo científico y educativo de Rusia. El artículo presenta las principales etapas del proceso de innovación, la especificidad del proceso de innovación y su naturaleza de das etapas (donde la primera etapa se completa con la creación de la «novación» y la segunda - la «innovación»). Los autores presentan un proceso de planificación empresarial y enfatizan las peculiaridades de su desarrollo en las instituciones, organizaciones científicas y educativas. Con base en dicho análisis, los autores hacen recomendaciones para el desarrollo de planes de negocios para este tipo de organizaciones.O objetivo do artigo é resumir as abordagens existentes para o planejamento de negócios, para definir a estrutura do plano de negócios, para enfatizar a diferença entre o planejamento de negócios de organizações científicas em instituições de ensino superior e o processo correspondente em organizações comerciais, e fazer recomendações sobre a organização e implementação do procedimento de planejamento para o setor de educação e desenvolvimento científico russo. O artigo apresenta as principais fases do processo de inovação, a especificidade deste e a sua natureza em duas fases (em que a primeira fase se completa com a criação da «novação» e a segunda - «inovação»). Os autores apresentam um processo de planejamento empresarial e enfatizam as peculiaridades de seu desenvolvimento em instituições científicas e organizações educacionais. Com base nessa análise, os autores fazem recomendações para o desenvolvimento de planos de negócios para esses tipos de organizações

Analysis of statistical parameters of development and introduction of innovative technologies in branches of the Russian economy

These effects and intensification factors look different in different sectors of the Russian economy. Accordingly, we can distinguish those that have the lowest values of indicators of innovation development. For them, the measures to intensify the innovative activities of its economic agents are most relevant. The article presents the results of statistical analysis of parameters of development and introduction of innovative technologies. The article is based on the analysis of statistical parameters of development and introduction of innovative technologies. Form 1-Technology became the basis for this analysis. It presents data on so-called «advanced production technologies», managed «by computer», based on «microelectronics and /or the use of digital technologies». By a group of selected industries for the period 2020-2021. the authors conducted an analysis of the effects of the introduction of technologies and obstacles to their implementation. Keywords: innovation, innovative technologies, technology transfer

Trends in the global market for the transfer of intellectual property

The article is aimed at conducting a comprehensive study of opportunities and prospects of development of methodology and practice of organization of innovation processes in the economies of various countries, development of recommendations to increase the efficiency of innovation activity.The relevance of this topic is due to the need to create effective mechanisms of expert and analytical support of a high level of innovation development, the importance of providing measures to support technologies - «catalysts» socio-economic development of economic agents, the key role of technology transfer as a condition for ensuring and maintaining innovative activity of economic agents. Keywords: innovation, innovative technologies, intellectual property transfer

BUILDING THE PROFILE OF THE SUBSCRIBER OF MOBILE NETWORKS BASED ON ONTOLOGICAL APPROACH

Цель. В связи с увеличением числа абонентов мобильных сетей, используемых абонентами устройств, а также высокой активностью абонентов агрегируемая об атрибутах абонентов информация необходима для выстраивания рекомендательных функций систем телекоммуникационных компаний, проведения маркетинговых инициатив, повышения качества оказываемых услуг, при прогнозировании потребностей и желаний клиентов, а также для многих других функций. Статья посвящена рассмотрение методов, направленных на формализацию предметной области при построении профилей абонентов мобильной связи.Методы. В работе рассматриваются метод формальных понятий, а также модель представления информации на концептуальном уровне в контексте представления знаний об абонентах мобильной связи.Результаты. На основе изучения методов структурирования знаний о предметной области авторами предлагается модель представления качественной и количественной информации об объекте исследования с использованием онтологического подхода.Purpose. In connection with the increase in the number of mobile network subscribers used by device users, as well as the high activity of subscribers, information aggregated about the attributes of subscribers is necessary for building advisory functions of telecommunications companies’ systems, conducting marketing initiatives, improving the quality of services provided, predicting the needs and desires of customers, and for many other functions. The article is devoted to the consideration of methods aimed at formalization of the subject domain in the construction of profiles of mobile communication subscribers.Methods. The paper considers the method of formal concepts, as well as the model of information representation at the conceptual level in the context of knowledge representation about mobile communication subscribers.Results. On the basis of studying the methods of structuring knowledge of the subject domain, the authors propose a model for presenting qualitative and quantitative information about the object of research using the ontological approach

DNA barcodes unite two problematic taxa: the meiobenthic Boreohydra simplex is a life-cycle stage of Plotocnide borealis (Hydrozoa: Aplanulata)

Pyataeva, Sofia V., Hopcroft, Russell R., Lindsay, Dhugal J., Collins, Allen G. (2016): DNA barcodes unite two problematic taxa: the meiobenthic Boreohydra simplex is a life-cycle stage of Plotocnide borealis (Hydrozoa: Aplanulata). Zootaxa 4150 (1): 85-92, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4150.1.

Video Based Flame and Smoke Detection

В работе предложен алгоритм обнаружения пожара по видеоданным на открытых пространствах, когда традиционными способами на основе датчиков химического состава воздуха или температуры обнаружение дыма и пламени невозможно. Обнаружение дыма и пламени выполняется параллельно, пожар считается найденным в случае детектирования одного объекта: дыма или пламени. Алгоритм нахождения дыма и пламени основан на анализе пространственно-временных признаков. На первом этапе обнаружения дыма выполняется поиск движения с использованием алгоритма сопоставления блоков, затем производится хроматический анализ движущихся областей, учет турбулентности. Классификация областей-кандидатов производится с использованием машины опорных векторов. Верификация выполнена на базе пространственно-временных локальных бинарных шаблонов. Для обнаружения пламени взята функция Background Subtraction библиотеки компьютерного зрения OpenCV, выполнен учет цветовых особенностей пламени и анализ его динамических свойств. Для проведения экспериментальных исследований использованы базы данных видеопоследовательностей Билькентского университета и Dyntex. Дополнительно репрезентативность тестового набора видеороликов повышена данными с реальных камер видеонаблюдения, в том числе полученными в ночное время. Количество кадров тестовых видеопоследовательностей составило 44 406, общая продолжительность роликов – 40 мин. Средняя точность обнаружения дыма составила 98 %, пламени – 94,9 %. Ложноположительные срабатывания при обнаружении дыма и пламени в среднем равны 3,46 %. Таким образом, экспериментальные исследования подтверждают эффективность предложенного алгоритма обнаружения пламени и дыма по видеопоследовательностям на открытых пространствахThe early fire detection in outdoor scenes using video sequences is one of crucial tasks of modern surveillance systems in urban and terrestrial natural environment. A conventional way of video analysis is to design a good background model and to track a motion selectively. Color, contours, fractal properties, and transparency, are considered the main spatial properties of smoke and flame in a still image or a single frame. Smoke detections algorithm steps. First, local smoke regions are detected based on motion estimation and chromatic analysis. The clustering of such local regions provides global smoke regions in a scene. At this stage, smoke and non-smoke regions are analyzed in order to exclude errors of false rejection. The suspicious region is extracted by using blockmatching algorithm. Second, global regions are verified by using statistical and temporal features. In this research, smoke colored blocks and turbulence characteristics. Verification based on spatiotemporal local binary patterns. An automatic flame detection method uses the features of fire, such as the moving parameters, chromatic components, and geometrical (flickering) features. A candidate fire region is determined according to the color component ratio and motion cue of fire flame obtained by background subtraction. The flame color probability is then estimated based threshold value in the combination of RGB and YSV color spaces. The motion probability obtained is by employing the background model with Background Subtractor function in OpenCV (Open Source Computer Vision Library). Flames flicker in height, size and in brightness. Video based flame detection algorithms often analyze flickering of pixel intensities over time to detect flames. In this study we investigate five different pixel intensity flickering features based on methods presented in previous work. For flickering features we calculate geometry, compare frequency of initial frame with fire re-gion candidate, and check the change in the size of the rectangular flame candidate block.Flame and smoke regions classifier using support vector machine. Video based flame and smoke detection is carried out in parallel.For experimental researches the database of dynamic textures Dyntex and database of Bilkent University were used. The developed method of smoke detection on video provides 94.9–98% of accuracy for fire detection. Experimental results show that the proposed method is feasible and effective for video based flame and smoke detectio

ОПЫТ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ РИВАРОКСАБАНА У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ТРЕПЕТАНИЕМ ПРЕДСЕРДИЙ 1-ГО ТИПА: ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ, БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ, КОМПЛАЕНТНОСТЬ

Aim. To assess effectiveness, safety and adherence to treatment of patients with type I atrial flutter who were previously excluded from the clinical trials evaluating the potential benefits of rivoroxaban for thromboembolism prevention.Methods. 27 medical records of patients with type I atrial flutter were retrospectively reviewed and assigned to the study group. The control group consisted of 100 patients with atrial fibrillation. Both groups received rivoroxaban. All patients underwent thromboembolism risk assessment with the CHA2DS2-VACs score, bleeding risk assessment with HAS-BLED score. Data were collected by telephone.Results. No thromboembolic events were registered in the atrial flutter group, whereas one case of ischemic stroke was in the atrial fibrillation group. There were no major bleedings in both groups. Four patients with atrial flutter and 2 patients with atrial fibrillation had hemorrhages. Patients’ adherence to rivoroxaban was 75–80%.Conclusion. Rivoroxaban therapy was found to be effective and safe in patients with type I atrial flutter including those who underwent cardioversion. High adherence to rivoroxaban therapy was demonstrated.Цель. Оценить с позиции безопасности, эффективности и комплаентности к лечению группу пациентов с трепетанием предсердий 1-го типа, ранее не включенных в рандомизированные исследования по вопросам профилактики тромбоэмболических осложнений на фоне приема ривароксабана.Материалы и методы. Исследование имело ретроспективный характер, в исследование включено 27 пациентов с трепетанием предсердий 1-го типа, группой сравнения стали 100 пациентов с фибрилляцией предсердий. Обе группы в качестве антитромботической поддержки получали ривароксабан, пациентам проводили оценку риска тромбоэмболии о шкале CHA2DS2-VASc, оценку риска кровотечений по шкале HAS-BLED использовался метод сбора информации путем телефонного анкетирования.Результаты. В группе трепетания предсердий не зафиксировано тромбоэболических осложнений, в группе фибрилляции предсердий выявлен один случай ишемического инсульта, значимых кровотечений не было ни в одной из групп. Геморрагический синдром зафиксирован у четырех пациентов с трепетанием предсердий и у двух – в группе фибрилляции предсердий. Комплаентность к терапии ривароксабаном составила 75–80% в обеих группах.Заключение. Подтверждена эффективность и безопасность ривароксабана у пациентов с трепетанием предсердий 1-го типа, в том числе для антитромботической поддержки кардиоверсии, а также высокий комплайнс к подобному лечению

Safety and Effectiveness of Pharmacologic Conversion of Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter: Results of Multicenter Trial. Part II: Assessment of Safety

Aim. We aimed to assess safety and effectiveness of class III antiarrhythmic drug Refralon for conversion of atrial fibrillation (AFib) and flutter (AFl) in post-registration trial and to compare data of primary center (National medical research center in cardiology) with data of other hospitals.Material and Methods. We performed retrospective cohort study in 727 patients (451 enrolled in primary center and 276 enrolled in other hospitals) admitted between June 24, 2014 and June 24, 2019. Refralon was administered for conversion of AFib and AFl in intense care units in escalating doses (10-30 micrograms/kg) intravenously.Results. Conversion of AFib and AFl into sinus rhythm was achieved in 53,6% after administration of 10 mcg/kg dose, in 73% after administration of 20 mcg/kg dose and in 91,6% after administration of Refralon in dose up to 30 mcg/kg. No mortality and no major adverse cardiac events registered in our study. Asystole >3.0 sec observed in 5% (35 of 727) of patients): in 5% (24 of 451) of patients enrolled in primary center and in 4% (11 of 276) of patients enrolled in other hospitals; 95% confidence interval (CI) [-0.09; 0.113]. Asystole> 5.0 s observed in 1.7% of patients who further required non-urgent implantation of a permanent pacemaker due to manifestations of sinus node dysfunction. Cardiac conduction disturbances (exclusively sinus bradycardia) were registered in 7% (53 of 727) patients: in 8% (37 of 451) of patients enrolled in primary center and in 6% (17 of 276) of patients enrolled in other hospitals; 95% CI: [-0.1; 0.15]. Only 0.14% of patients had symptomatic sinus bradycardia that resolved after atropine injection. Ventricular arrhythmias (exclusively Torsade de pointes tachycardia in excessive QT interval prolongation) were registered in 1.7% (12 of 727) patients: in 2% (9 of 451) of patients in primary center and in 1% (3 of 276) of patients of other hospitals; 95% CI: [-0.06; 0.08]. QTc interval prolongation to values >500 ms documented in 19% (138 of 727) of patients: in 21% (95 of 451) of patients in primary center and in 16% (43 of 276) of patients in other hospitals; 95% CI: [-0.13; 0.24].Conclusion: In post-registration multicenter trial Refralon demonstrated good safety profile in conversion of AFib and AFl. Potential risk of TdP tachycardia mandates precautions with the use of the drug. In other hospitals Refralon did not demonstrate lower safety than in primary medical center