Efectos del apego seguro y el riesgo psicosocial en los problemas infantiles interiorizados y exteriorizados

El apego seguro al cuidador principal es un promotor del desarrollo. El objetivo del estudio fue explorar el papel moderador y/o mediador del apego dentro de un modelo de relaciones entre el contexto psicosocial de los niños y su ajuste psicológico. La muestra estaba compuesta por dos grupos equivalentes: uno de riesgo psicosocial procedente de un centro tutelado de menores de la Comunidad de Madrid (n=30; 60% varones) y otro grupo de niños provenientes de un entorno familiar normativo (n=30; 58% varones). La edad media en ambos grupos fue de 5.45 años. Nuestros resultados sugieren el papel del apego como un potencial mecanismo explicativo de las relaciones entre riesgo psicosocial y problemas de ajuste en los niños. Se discuten las implicaciones teóricas y prácticas de estos resultadosThe secure attachment to the main caretaker is a promoter of the children´s development. The aim of this study was to analyze the mediating and moderating effects of the secure attachment between the psychosocial risk and the children´s psychological adjustment. The sample was composed of two matched groups: a social risk group from a foster care center in Madrid (n=30; 60% boys); and a non-social risk group (n=30; 58% males) from the general population. The average age of children was 5.45 years.Our results suggest the secure attachment role as a potential explicative mechanism of relations between the social risk context and the children´s psychological adjustment. Theoretical and practical implications are discusse

Dimensionalidad y propiedades psicométricas de un nuevo instrumento de evaluación del apego

The Children Attachment Interview (EAN) is a new instrument based on story telling reports. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the structure and basic psychometric properties of the EAN through exploratory factor analyses based on a sample of 115 Spanish children aged 8 to 13 years (63 % boys). Another two matched samples from the risk social population and clinical population were compared with the main sample in order to obtain criterial validity. Findings reveal a multi-internal structure composed of four factors that refer to children´s reactions (positive, trustful, negative and mistrustful) and five factors that refer to child-attachment figure interactions (empathic, trustful, positive, rivalry and pro-arousal). Scales demonstrated adequate internal consistency. The comparison of scales between general and criterial groups, and correlations with related constructs indicate good construct validity.ResumenLa Entrevista de Apego para Niños (EAN) es un nuevo instrumento de evaluación del apego basado en un procedimiento de completar historias. El objetivo principal de este estudio se basa en el análisis de la estructura y las propiedades psicométricas del EAN a través de análisis factoriales exploratorios sobre una muestra constituida por 115 niños y niñas españoles de entre 8 y 13 años (63 % niños). Otras dos muestras procedentes de una población en situación de riesgo psicosocial y de una población clínica fueron comparadas con la muestra principal con el fin de obtener evidencias de validez criterial. Los resultados obtenidos revelan una estructura interna compuesta de 4 factores que se refieren a reacciones del niño (positiva, confiada, negativa y desconfiada) y cinco factores referidos a interacciones niño-figura de apego (empática, confiada, positiva, negativa y desconfiada). Las escalas han demostrada una adecuada consistencia interna. La comparación de las escalas entre el grupo general y los grupos criteriales, y las correlaciones con los constructos relacionados indicaron una buena validez de constructo.AbstractThe Children Attachment Interview (EAN) is a new instrument based on story telling reports. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the structure and basic psychometric properties of the EAN through exploratory factor analyses based on a sample of 115 Spanish children aged 8 to 13 years (63 % boys). Another two matched samples from the risk social population and clinical population were compared with the main sample in order to obtain criterial validity. Findings reveal a multi-internal structure composed of four factors that refer to children´s reactions (positive, trustful, negative and mistrustful) and five factors that refer to child-attachment figure interactions (empathic, trustful, positive, rivalry and pro-arousal). Scales demonstrated adequate internal consistency. The comparison of scales between general and criterial groups, and correlations with related constructs indicate good construct validity.

Turning Garlic into a Modern Crop: State of the Art and Perspectives

Garlic is cultivated worldwide for the value of its bulbs, but its cultivation is challenged by the infertility of commercial cultivars and the accumulation of pathogens over time, which occurs as a consequence of vegetative (clonal) propagation. In this review, we summarize the state of the art of garlic genetics and genomics, highlighting recent developments that will lead to its development as a modern crop, including the restoration of sexual reproduction in some garlic strains. The set of tools available to the breeder currently includes a chromosome-scale assembly of the garlic genome and multiple transcriptome assemblies that are furthering our understanding of the molecular processes underlying important traits like the infertility, the induction of flowering and bulbing, the organoleptic properties and resistance to various pathogens

Entrevista de apego para niños (EAN): Estudio exploratorio de un nuevo instrumento de evaluación del apego en población infantil de 3 a 7 años

This study analizes the psychometric properties of a new instrument about the working model of children´s attachment. The sample was composed of 60 subjects (30 from normal  population and 30 from a social risk population). The age of children ranges from 3 to 7 years old. This instrument is an interview based on the completion story task, however it includes new contents as well as a new procedure in regarding to previous attachment measures. The findings show good validity and reliability. The found results are going to be the beginning of future studies.ResumenEl presente artículo analiza las propiedades psicométricas de un nuevo instrumento de evaluación de los modelos de representación deapego en niños. La muestra está constituida por un total de 60 sujetos de entre 3 y 7 años, 30 procedentes de población normativa y 30 de una población de riesgo psicosocial. El instrumento se administra con un formato de entrevista basado en la técnica del completamiento de historias pero incluye, respecto a instrumentos previos, elementos novedosos tanto en los contenidos que evalúa como en su metodología. Los resultados preliminares de esta medida indican índices adecuados de validez y fiabilidad, lo que supone un punto de partida prometedor y relevante para futuras investigaciones. Abstract This study analizes the psychometric properties of a new instrument about the working model of children´s attachment. The sample was composed of 60 subjects (30 from normal  population and 30 from a social risk population). The age of children ranges from 3 to 7 years old. This instrument is an interview based on the completion story task, however it includes new contents as well as a new procedure in regarding to previous attachment measures. The findings show good validity and reliability. The found results are going to be the beginning of future studies

Validación Transcultural de la Entrevista de Apego para Niños (EAN) en Población Infantil Mexicana

El apego es el primer organizador de la personalidad. Un apego seguro se relaciona con un desarrollo adecuado y una buena salud mental, mientras que un apego inseguro puede expresarse como un retraimiento en la relación con los demás, una afectación al desarrollo, emociones confusas y rechazo. El objetivo del presente estudio fue realizar la validación transcultural de la Entrevista de Apego para Niños (EAN) (Sierra, Carrasco y Moya, 2018) en niños mexicanos. La EAN evalúa el modelo de representación de apego en niños de 3 a 12 años mediante la estrategia de completamiento de historias, enmarcada en una aproximación contextualizada y dimensional. La EAN presenta una estructura interna y multidimensional compuesta por 4 factores referidos a la reacción positiva y negativa del niño (Reacción Positiva del Niño, Reacción Confiada del Niño, Reacción Negativa del Niño y Reacción Desconfiada del Niño) y 5 factores relacionados con la interacción entre el niño y su figura de apego (Interacción Empática, Interacción Confiada, Interacción Positiva, Interacción Negativa e Interacción Desconfiada). Participaron en el estudio 124 niños y niñas españoles y 95 mexicanos, todos de entre 3 y 12 años y procedentes de población normativa y de contextos en situación de riesgo psicosocial. El riesgo psicosocial puede definirse como aquellos entornos o contextos de desarrollo en los que, por sus características estructurales o funcionales, son potencialmente capaces de influir negativamente en el desarrollo psicológico del niño. La validación se ha realizado mediante la obtención de evidencias de fiabilidad y validez en las diferentes muestras del estudio.Grupo de Investigación AnálisisIntervención y Terapia Aplicada con Niños y AdolescentesAITANA Universidad Miguel Hernández2022-2

Long-term outcomes of high-risk HR-positive and HER2-negative early breast cancer patients from GEICAM adjuvant studies and El Álamo IV registry

Purpose The monarchE trial showed that the addition of abemaciclib improves efficacy in patients with high-risk early breast cancer (EBC). We analyzed the long-term outcomes of a population similar to the monarchE trial to put into context the potential benefit of abemaciclib. Methods HR-positive/HER2-negative EBC patients eligible for the monarchE study were selected from 3 adjuvant clinical trials and a breast cancer registry. Patients with ≥ 4 positive axillary lymph nodes (N +) or 1–3 N + with tumor size ≥ 5 cm and/or histologic grade 3 and/or Ki67 ≥ 20%, who had undergone surgery with curative intent and had received anthracyclines ± taxanes and endocrine therapy in the neoadjuvant and /or adjuvant setting were included. We performed analysis of Invasive Disease-Free Survival (iDFS), Distant Disease-Free Survival (dDFS) and Overall Survival (OS) at 5 and 10 years, as well as yearly (up to 10) of Invasive Relapse Rate (IRR), Distant Relapse Rate (DRR) and Death Rate (DR). Results A total of 1,617 patients were analyzed from the GEICAM-9906 (312), GEICAM-2003–10 (210), and GEICAM-2006–10 (160) trials plus 935 from El Álamo IV. With a median follow-up of 10.1 years, the 5 and 10 years iDFS rates were 75.2% and 57.0%, respectively. The dDFS and OS rates at 5 years were 77.4% and 88.8% and the respective figures at 10 years were 59.7% and 70.9%. Conclusions This data points out the need for new therapies for those patients. A longer follow-up of the monarchE study to see the real final benefit with abemaciclib is warranted

Evolution of the use of corticosteroids for the treatment of hospitalised COVID-19 patients in Spain between March and November 2020: SEMI-COVID national registry

Objectives: Since the results of the RECOVERY trial, WHO recommendations about the use of corticosteroids (CTs) in COVID-19 have changed. The aim of the study is to analyse the evolutive use of CTs in Spain during the pandemic to assess the potential influence of new recommendations. Material and methods: A retrospective, descriptive, and observational study was conducted on adults hospitalised due to COVID-19 in Spain who were included in the SEMI-COVID- 19 Registry from March to November 2020. Results: CTs were used in 6053 (36.21%) of the included patients. The patients were older (mean (SD)) (69.6 (14.6) vs. 66.0 (16.8) years; p < 0.001), with hypertension (57.0% vs. 47.7%; p < 0.001), obesity (26.4% vs. 19.3%; p < 0.0001), and multimorbidity prevalence (20.6% vs. 16.1%; p < 0.001). These patients had higher values (mean (95% CI)) of C-reactive protein (CRP) (86 (32.7-160) vs. 49.3 (16-109) mg/dL; p < 0.001), ferritin (791 (393-1534) vs. 470 (236- 996) µg/dL; p < 0.001), D dimer (750 (430-1400) vs. 617 (345-1180) µg/dL; p < 0.001), and lower Sp02/Fi02 (266 (91.1) vs. 301 (101); p < 0.001). Since June 2020, there was an increment in the use of CTs (March vs. September; p < 0.001). Overall, 20% did not receive steroids, and 40% received less than 200 mg accumulated prednisone equivalent dose (APED). Severe patients are treated with higher doses. The mortality benefit was observed in patients with oxygen saturation </=90%. Conclusions: Patients with greater comorbidity, severity, and inflammatory markers were those treated with CTs. In severe patients, there is a trend towards the use of higher doses. The mortality benefit was observed in patients with oxygen saturation </=90%