Proposal of teaching innovation for Philology: program for the inclusion of students in academic research and acquisition of scientific and training experiences

Se busca crear un semillero de investigación para fomentar la producción científica y la participación del alumnado en proyectos de edición permitiendo así a los estudiantes la obtención de resultados efectivos antes de finalizar sus estudios.Depto. de Estudios Ingleses: Lingüística y LiteraturaFac. de FilologíaFALSEsubmitte

Dendritic cell deficiencies persist seven months after SARS-CoV-2 infection

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 infection induces an exacerbated inflammation driven by innate immunity components. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in the defense against viral infections, for instance plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), have the capacity to produce vast amounts of interferon-alpha (IFN-α). In COVID-19 there is a deficit in DC numbers and IFN-α production, which has been associated with disease severity. In this work, we described that in addition to the DC deficiency, several DC activation and homing markers were altered in acute COVID-19 patients, which were associated with multiple inflammatory markers. Remarkably, previously hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients remained with decreased numbers of CD1c+ myeloid DCs and pDCs seven months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, the expression of DC markers such as CD86 and CD4 were only restored in previously nonhospitalized patients, while no restoration of integrin β7 and indoleamine 2,3-dyoxigenase (IDO) levels were observed. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the immunological sequelae of COVID-19

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p < 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics

El análisis de los cambios fonéticos, desde la impronta de diferentes enfoques parala enseñanza de la lengua

This work addresses the improvement of the teaching-learning process of the analysis of phonetic changes in Spanish Phonetics and Phonology, with the aim of systematizing and contextualizing different theories and approaches for their didactic treatment in the Bachelor's Degree in Spanish-Literature Education. Research methods such as historical-logical, induction-deduction, analysis-synthesis and theoretical systematization were used to identify and order the information presented. The main results of this article are the systematization of different international and national didactic approaches, which allow establishing a coherent perspective for the analysis of phonetic changes based on pronunciation and phonetic correction in the mother tongue, in correspondence with the professional pedagogical mode of action.O presente trabalho trata da melhoria do processo ensino-aprendizagem da análise das mudanças fonéticas na Fonética e Fonologia espanholas, com o objectivo de sistematizar e contextualizar diferentes teorias e abordagens para o seu tratamento didáctico no curso de licenciatura em Educação-Literatura Espanhola. Para identificar e ordenar a informação apresentada foram utilizados métodos de investigação como o histórico-lógico, a indução-dedução, a análise-síntese e a sistematização teórica. Os principais resultados do artigo são a sistematização de diferentes abordagens didáticas internacionais e nacionais, que permitem estabelecer uma perspectiva coerente para a análise das alterações fonéticas em função da pronúncia e correção fonética na língua materna, em correspondência com a forma pedagógica profissional de atuação.El presente trabajo aborda el perfeccionamiento del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del análisis de los cambios fonéticos en Fonética y Fonología Españolas, con el objetivo de sistematizar y contextualizar diferentes teorías y enfoques para su tratamiento didáctico en la carrera Licenciatura en Educación Español-Literatura; se emplearon métodos de investigación como el histórico-lógico, la inducción-deducción, el análisis-síntesis y la sistematización teórica que permiten identificar y ordenar la información que se presenta. El artículo ofrece como principales resultados la sistematización de teorías estructuralistas, semióticas, sociolingüísticas, comunicativas, discursivas e interactivas, entre otras y los enfoques didácticos internacionales y nacionales abordados que permiten establecer una perpectiva coherente para el análisis de los cambios fonéticos en función de la pronunciación y la corrección fonética en lengua materna, en correspondencia con el modo de actuación profesional pedagógico

Intervention to reduce the incidence of surgical site infection in spine surgery

Background: this study examines the incidence, characteristics, and risk factors of surgical site infections (SSIs) after spine surgery and evaluates the efficacy of a preventive intervention. Methods: this was a quasi-experimental pretest/posttest study in patients undergoing spinal surgery in an orthopedic surgery department from December 2014 to November 2016. Based on the results of the study, we revised the preventive protocol with modification of wound dressing, staff training, and feedback. SSI rates were compared between the pre-intervention (December 2014 to November 2015) and post-intervention (December 2015 to November 2016) periods. The risk factors were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: of the 139 patients included, 14 cases of SSI were diagnosed, with a significant decrease in the incidence of SSIs from the pre-intervention period to the post-intervention period (19.4% vs 2.6%; P = .001). The etiology was known in 13 cases, with enteric flora being predominant in the pre-intervention group. Univariate analysis showed that age, body mass index, days until sitting and ambulation, and incontinence were statistically significant risk factors. After multivariate analysis, only body mass index and days until ambulation remained significant. When the effect of intervention was adjusted with other risk factors, this variable remained statistically significant. Conclusions: an intervention that includes modification of wound dressing and early mobilization, as well as staff awareness training, monitoring, and feedback, allowed a significant reduction in the incidence of SSI following spinal surgery, particularly infections caused by enteric flora

Nursing and end-of-life care in the intensive care unit: A qualitative systematic review

A qualitative systematic review was conducted to review and explore published qualitative research describing the challenges faced by nurses providing terminal care in intensive care units. Qualitative evidence was considered regarding nurses and terminal care for critical care patients. A search of qualitative research articles published between January 2003 and April 2015 was undertaken. PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Scopus, and CINAHL databases were searched. Methodological quality was assessed using the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research. Twenty-two articles were included in the review. Three superordinate themes emerged from the data: (a) the nurse on the intensive care unit: understanding how emotional burden, coping with death, and the nurse's role in the decision-making process may influence end-of-life care; (b) end-of-life care for the critically ill patient: influenced by the presence of academic, health care, and environmental barriers and by facilitators such as communication with the family; and (c) the role of the family within the intensive care unit: the second priority in the care process, although a potential source of stress. Nurses providing end-of-life care in intensive care units face a number of ethical, academic, health care-related, and environmental barriers.Sin financiación0.672 JCR (2016) Q4, 94/116 NursingUE

Populus primaveralepensis sp. nov. (Salicaceae, Malpighiales), a new species of white poplar from the Bosque La Primavera Biosphere Reserve in western Mexico

Populus primaveralepensis A.Vázquez, Muñiz-Castro & Zuno sp. nov., a new species from relict gallery cloud forest in Bosque La Primavera Biosphere Reserve (Mexico), is described and illustrated. The new species belongs to P. subsect. Tomentosae Hart., and is morphologically similar to P. luziarum A.Vázquez, Muñiz-Castro & Padilla-Lepe, but differs from it in having taller trees without root suckers, white and ringed young stems and branches, a branching angle of ca 45º, leaves with higher blade to petiole ratio, leafs frequently elliptic or ovate to widely ovate (vs widely ovate to ovatedeltoid), denser inflorescences, and shorter capsules. The conservation status of the species was assessed as Critically Endangered (CR)

Populus primaveralepensis sp. nov. (Salicaceae, Malpighiales), a new species of white poplar from the Bosque La Primavera Biosphere Reserve in western Mexico

Populus primaveralepensis A.Vázquez, Muñiz-Castro & Zuno sp. nov., a new species from relict gallery cloud forest in Bosque La Primavera Biosphere Reserve (Mexico), is described and illustrated. The new species belongs to P. subsect. Tomentosae Hart., and is morphologically similar to P. luziarum A.Vázquez, Muñiz-Castro & Padilla-Lepe, but differs from it in having taller trees without root suckers, white and ringed young stems and branches, a branching angle of ca 45º, leaves with higher blade to petiole ratio, leafs frequently elliptic or ovate to widely ovate (vs widely ovate to ovate-deltoid), denser inflorescences, and shorter capsules. The conservation status of the species was assessed as Critically Endangered (CR)