Nitric Oxide Level Is Self-Regulating and Also Regulates Its ROS Partners

This work was supported by the EX12-BIO-296 grant from the Andalucian Regional Government (Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo) and by ERDF-cofinanced grant BIO2012-36742 (MINECO) in Spain. The authors would like to thank Mr. Michael O'shea for the English editing.Peer reviewedPeer Reviewe

Protein S-nitrosylation in plants under abiotic stress: an overview

Abiotic stress is one of the main problems affecting agricultural losses, and understanding the mechanisms behind plant tolerance and stress response will help us to develop new means of strengthening fruitful agronomy. The mechanisms of plant stress response are complex. Data obtained by experimental procedures are sometimes contradictory, depending on the species, strength, and timing applied. In recent years nitric oxide has been identified as a key signaling molecule involved in most plant responses to abiotic stress, either indirectly through gene activation or interaction with reactive oxygen species and hormones; or else directly, as a result of modifying enzyme activities mainly by nitration and S-nitrosylation. While the functional relevance of the S-nitrosylation of certain proteins has been assessed in response to biotic stress, it has yet to be characterized under abiotic stress. Here, we review initial works about S-nitrosylation in response to abiotic stress to conclude with a brief overview, and discuss further perspectives to obtain a clear outlook of the relevance of S-nitrosylation in plant response to abiotic stress.Peer reviewedPeer Reviewe

NO signalling during the plant HR

Summary Nitric oxide (NO) is a highly reactive molecule that rapidly diffuses and permeates cell membranes. Dur- ing the last few years NO has been detected in several plant species, and the increasing number of reports on its function in plants have implicated NO as a key molecular signal that participates in the regulation of several physiological processes; in particular, it has a significant role in plant resistance to pathogens by triggering resistance-associated cell death and by contributing to the local and systemic induction of defence genes. NO stimulates signal transduction pathways through protein kinases, cytosolic Ca 2

Editorial: Women in plant science:redox biology of plant abiotic stress 2022

MR-P thanks Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for Financial support (PID2021-122280NB-I00). CF thanks BBSRC/GCRF (UK) for Financial support (BB/T008865/1). LG thanks Agritech National Research Center (European Union Next-Generation, EU), Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza (PNRR) —Missione 4 Componente 2, Investimento 1.4—D.D. 1032 17/06/ 2022, CN00000022)

Low endogenous NO levels in roots and antioxidant systems are determinants for the resistance of Arabidopsis seedlings grown in Cd

Cadmium (Cd), which is a toxic non-essential heavy metal capable of entering plants and thus the food chain, constitutes a major environmental and health concern worldwide. An understanding of the tools used by plants to overcome Cd stress could lead to the production of food crops with lower Cd uptake capacity and of plants with greater Cd uptake potential for phytoremediation purposes in order to restore soil efficiency in self-sustaining ecosystems. The signalling molecule nitric oxide (NO), whose function remains unclear, has recently been involved in responses to Cd stress. Using different mutants, such as nia1nia2, nox1, argh1-1 and Atnoa1, which were altered in NO metabolism, we analysed various parameters related to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) metabolism and seedling fitness following germination and growth under Cd treatment conditions for seven days. Seedling roots were the most affected, with an increase in ROS and RNS observed in wild type (WT) seedling roots, leading to increased oxidative damage and fitness loss. Mutants that showed lower NO levels in seedling roots under Cd stress were more resistant than WT seedlings due to the maintenance of antioxidant systems which protect against oxidative damage.This study was co-funded by the ERDF and the Science, Innovation and University Ministry (BIO2015-67657-P and PGC2018-098372). L.C. T-C was supported by an FPU fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports

Modulation of nitric oxide bioactivity by plant haemoglobins

Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) is a highly reactive signalling molecule that has numerous targets in plants. Both enzymatic and non-enzymatic synthesis of NO has been detected in several plant species, and NO functions have been characterized during diverse physiological processes such as plant growth, development, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. This wide variety of effects reflects the basic signalling mechanisms that are utilized by virtually all mammalian and plant cells and suggests the necessity of detoxification mechanisms to control the level and functions of NO. During the last two years an increasing number of reports have implicated non-symbiotic haemoglobins as the key enzymatic system for NO scavenging in plants, indicating that the primordial function of haemoglobins may well be to protect against nitrosative stress and to modulate NO signalling functions. The biological relevance of plant haemoglobins during specific conditions of plant growth and stress, and the existence of further enzymatic and non-enzymatic NO scavenging systems, suggest the existence of precise NO modulation mechanisms in plants, as observed for different NO sources

Natural radiactivity from building materials in Spain

The industrial construction sector is very important in Spain. Building materials used in this industry are sources of radiation from natural radionuclides they contain. The European Commission published some recommendations to facilitate the trade of these materials in the E.U. The studies about this subject have increased notably during last years. This, probably, can be associated with the increase interest from natural radiation radiological risk on indoor exposure.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Consejo de Seguridad Nuclear. CSN-201

Unidades de paisaje, en un sector del corredor bioceánico. Departamento Jáchal. San Juan

Los recursos naturales en ecosistemas áridos, son condicionantes para el desarrollo de las actividades socioeconómicas de una región. Su conocimiento general, la situación actual y su estado, permiten diseñar políticas de manejo y uso de éstas áreas, contribuyendo al conocimiento del medio físico y su vulnerabilidad, ante acciones presentes y futuras.En éste sentido el estudio del paisaje se vuelve esencial si reconocemos que el mismo resulta de la combinación de factores físicos y biológicos, además de la incidencia de las alteraciones de tipo natural y de las modificaciones antrópicas.El paisaje expresa las características y particularidades intrínsecas del terreno, así como las generadas por las diferentes formas e intensidades con las que la naturaleza y el hombre han transformado su territorio.Teniendo en cuenta estas consideraciones, se planteó un proyecto para aplicar una metodología, apoyada en técnicas de percepción remota y la aplicación de sistemas de información geográfica. Esto permitió sistematizar y ordenar la información geoambiental y definir Unidades de Paisaje en la localidad de Huaco, ubicada en el Departamento Jáchal, a 190 km de la ciudad capital de la provincia de San Juan, República Argentina.Esta zona, rica en recursos naturales, mineros, culturales y terapéuticos, históricamente marginada por las políticas públicas, ahora enfrenta el desafío de integrarse a la economía provincial, nacional e internacional a partir del desarrollo y construcción del Corredor Bioceánico Central, que unirá los océanos Atlántico y Pacífico.Las Unidades de Paisaje quedaron definidas como una expresión integrada de los componentes físicos, biológicos y culturales, que se presentan en este espacio geográfico, y constituyen la base para la gestión de un desarrollo sustentable de la zona de estudio. AbstractThe natural resources in arid ecosystems, are determining factors for the development of the socio-economic activities of a region. Your general knowledge, the current situation and your state, allow you to design policies of management and use of these areas, contributing to the knowledge of the physical environment and their vulnerability, before shares present and future.In this sense the study of the landscape becomes essential if we recognize that it is the result of the combination of physical and biological factors, in addition to the incidence of the alterations of natural and anthropogenic modifications.The landscape expresses the characteristics and intrinsic characteristics of the field, as well as those generated by the different forms and intensities with which nature and man have transformed their territory.With these considerations in mind, it was a project to implement a methodology, supported by remote sensing techniques and the application of geographic information systems. This allowed systematize and sort the geo-environmental information and define landscape units in the town of Huaco, located in the Department Jachal River, 190 kilometers from the capital city of the province of San Juan, Argentina.This area, rich in natural resources, mining, cultural and therapeutic, historically marginalized by public policies, now faces the challenge of integrating to the provincial economy, national and international from the development and construction of the Bioceanic Central Corridor, which will link the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.The landscape units were defined as an integrated expression of the physical, biological and cultural components, which are presented in this geographical area, and form the basis for the management of a sustainable development of the study area

Targeting redox metabolism of the maize-Azospirillum brasilense interaction exposed to arsenic-affected groundwater

Arsenic in groundwater constitutes an agronomic problem due to its potential accumulation in the food chain. Among the agro-sustainable tools to reduce metal(oid)s toxicity, the use of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) becomes important. For that, and based on previous results in which significant differences of As translocation were observed when inoculating maize plants with Az39 or CD Azospirillum strains, we decided to decipher the redox metabolism changes and the antioxidant system response of maize plants inoculated when exposed to a realistic arsenate (AsV) dose. Results showed that AsV caused morphological changes in the root exodermis. Photosynthetic pigments decreased only in CD inoculated plants, while oxidative stress evidence was detected throughout the plant, regardless of the assayed strain. The antioxidant response was strain-differential since only CD inoculated plants showed an increase in superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities while other enzymes showed the same behavior irrespective of the inoculated strain. Gene expression assays reported that only GST23 transcript level was upregulated by arsenate, regardless of the inoculated strain. AsV diminished the glutathione (GSH) content of roots inoculated with the Az39 strain, and CD inoculated plants showed a decrease of oxidized GSH (GSSG) levels. We suggest a model in which the antioxidant response of the maize-diazotrophs system is modulated by the strain and that GSH plays a central role acting mainly as a substrate for GST. These findings generate knowledge for a suitable PGPB selection, and its scaling to an effective bioinoculant formulation for maize crops exposed to adverse environmental conditions.Fil: Peralta, Juan Manuel. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Cs.exactas Fisicoquimicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnologicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnologicas.; ArgentinaFil: Bianucci, Eliana Carolina. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Cs.exactas Fisicoquimicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnologicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnologicas.; ArgentinaFil: Romero Puertas, María C.. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Estación Experimental del Zaidín; EspañaFil: Furlan, Ana Laura. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Cs.exactas Fisicoquimicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnologicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnologicas.; ArgentinaFil: Castro, Stella Maris. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Cs.exactas Fisicoquimicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnologicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnologicas.; ArgentinaFil: Travaglia, Claudia Noemi. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Cs.exactas Fisicoquimicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnologicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnologicas.; Argentin

Characterization of a novel HMG-CoA lyase enzyme with a dual location in endoplasmic reticulum and cytosol

A novel lyase activity enzyme is characterized for the first time: HMG-CoA lyase-like1 (er-cHL), which is a close homolog of mitochondrial HMG-CoA lyase (mHL). Initial data show that there are nine mature transcripts for the novel gene HMGCLL1, although none of them has all its exons. The most abundant transcript is called "variant b," and it lacks exons 2 and 3. Moreover, a three-dimensional model of the novel enzyme is proposed. Colocalization studies show a dual location of the er-cHL in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and cytosol, but not in mitochondria or peroxisomes. Furthermore, the dissociation experiment suggests that it is a nonendoplasmic reticulum integral membrane protein. The kinetic parameters of er-cHL indicate that it has a lower Vmax and a higher substrate affinity than mHL. Protein expression and lyase activity were found in several tissues, and were particularly strong in lung and kidney. The occurrence of er-cHL in brain is surprising, as mHL has not been found there. Although mHL activity is clearly associated with energy metabolism, the results suggest that er-cHL is more closely related to another metabolic function, mostly at the pulmonary and brain level.Fil: Arnedo, María. Universidad de Zaragoza; EspañaFil: Menao, Sebastián. Universidad de Zaragoza; EspañaFil: Puisac, Beatriz. Universidad de Zaragoza; EspañaFil: Teresa Rodrigo, María E.. Universidad de Zaragoza; EspañaFil: Gil Rodríguez, María C.. Universidad de Zaragoza; EspañaFil: López Viñas, Eduardo. CENTRO DE BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR SEVERO OCHOA (CBMSO) ; UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE MADRID; . Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; EspañaFil: Gómez Puertas, Paulino. CENTRO DE BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR SEVERO OCHOA (CBMSO) ; UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE MADRID; . Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; EspañaFil: Casals, Nuria. Universitat Internacional de Catalunya; EspañaFil: Casale, Cesar Horacio. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud; ArgentinaFil: Hegardt, Fausto G.. Universidad de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Pié, Juan. Universidad de Zaragoza; Españ