Periodismo Robot en el Brasil: un estudio de caso

El siguiente artículo tiene por objetivo presentar una serie de resultados preliminares de una investigación exploratoria que analiza una de las primeras adopciones de la Inteligencia Artificial en el ámbito del periodismo digital brasileño contemporáneo. Específicamente, su utilización por parte de la Red O Globo a través de su principal página web de noticias G1. Para ello, hemos seleccionado la cobertura de las elecciones municipales del 2020 a nivel nacional, realizada a partir de la aplicación propia de un programa de Inteligencia Artificial

Nano-microvehicles design for insulin, based on chitosan as the encapsulant material

El objetivo de la presente Tesis fue diseñar nano-microvehículos encapsulantes en los que la proteína encapsulada fue la hormona Insulina (I) y el material encapsulante, un nuevo quitosano (CS) argentino. Este polisacárido es biodegradable, biocompatible y mucoadhesivo. Se pretende que estos nano-microvehículos actúen como una nueva forma de dosificación de I, alternativa (vía pulmonar o nasal) a la tradicional, con enormes implicancias para pacientes pediátricos. En primer término se empleó la estrategia de “Autoensamblaje Molecular”. Estos estudios comenzaron con la caracterización de ambas especies en soluciones acuosas. Las soluciones mixtas fueron consideradas a a pH de no interacción electrostática (pH2) y de interacción (pH6). Se empleó dispersión dinámica de luz, determinaciones de potencial z, espectrometría UV-visible y reometría. Se desarrolló un modelo de interacción molecular para I y CS basado en el pH del medio y en las concentraciones relativas de ambos biopolímeros en solución dando dos configuraciones, core-shell y cluster. Simulaciones computacionales complementaron el análisis. La estrategia alternativa empleada fue la Nanodeshidratación. Este proceso fue puesto a punto empleando este CS. Se obtuvieron partículas con diámetros mayores y se evaluó también su estabilidad coloidal. El efecto del CS sobre la estructura proteica, para ambas estrategias, se determinó por espectroscopía infrarroja y por calorimetría diferencial de barrido. Además, se empleó microscopía electrónica de barrido y de fuerza atómica. Se determinó el perfil de liberación de la insulina encapsulada y su bioactividad con ensayos biológicos in-vitro, en líneas celulares adecuadas.The objective of this thesis was to design encapsulating nano-microvehicles in which the encapsulated protein was the insulin hormone (I) and the encapsulating material, a new Argentinean chitosan (CS). This polysaccharide is biodegradable, biocompatible and mucoadhesive. It is intended for these nano-microvehicles to be a new type of design for I administration as an alternative to the traditional one (pulmonary or nasal route), with enormous implications for pediatric patients. Firstly, the "Molecular Self-assembly" strategy was used. These studies began with the characterization of both species in aqueous solutions. Mixed solutions were considered at pH of no electrostatic interaction and that of favoured interactions, pH2 and pH6, respectively. Dynamic light scattering, z-potential determinations, UV-visible spectrometry and rheometry were used. A molecular interaction model was developed for I and CS based on the pH of the solution and on the relative concentrations of both biopolymers. Two, configurations were obtained accordingly, the core-shell and cluster ones. Molecular interaction simulations completed the analysis. Nano-dehydration process was firstly set-up and used as the alternative way for nanoparticle obtention. Particles with larger diameters were obtained and their colloidal stability was also evaluated. The effect of CS on the protein structure was determined, for both strategies, by infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy were also used. The release profile of encapsulated insulin and its bioactivity were determined by in-vitro biological assays in suitable cell lines cultures.Fil: Prudkin Silva, Cecilia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina

Combined Experimental and Molecular Simulation Study of Insulin-Chitosan Complexation Driven by Electrostatic Interactions

Protein−polysaccharide complexes constructed via self-assembly methods are often used to develop novel 17 biomaterials for a wide range of applications in biomedicine, food, and biotechnology. The objective of this work was to 18 investigate theoretically and to demonstrate via constant-pH Monte Carlo simulations that the complexation phenomenon 19 between insulin (INS) and the cationic polyelectrolyte chitosan (CS) is mainly driven by an electrostatic mechanism. 20 Experimental results obtained from FTIR spectra and ζ-potential determinations allowed us to complement the conclusions. 21 The characteristic absorption bands for the complexes could be assigned to a combination of signals from CS amide I and INS 22 amide II. The second peak corresponds to the interaction between the polymer and the protein at the level of amide II. INS− 23 CS complexation processes not expected when INS is in its monomeric form, but for both tetrameric and hexameric forms, 24 incipient complexation due to charge regulation mechanism took place at pH 5. The complexation range was observed to be 5.5 25 < pH < 6.5. In general, when the number of INS units increases in the simulation process, the solution pH at which the 26 complexation can occur shifts toward acidic conditions. CS’s chain interacts more efficiently, i.e. in a wider pH range, with INS 27 aggregates formed by the highest monomer number. The charge regulation mechanism can be considered as a previous phase 28 toward complexation (incipient complexation) caused by weak interactions of a Coulombic nature.Fil: Prudkin Silva, Cecilia Raquel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Pérez, Carlos E.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Martínez, Karina Dafne. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Tecnología en Polímeros y Nanotecnología. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Tecnología en Polímeros y Nanotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Barroso da silva, Fernando. Universidade do Sao Paulo. Departamento de Bioquímica; Brasi

Combined Experimental and Molecular Simulation Study of Insulin-Chitosan Complexation Driven by Electrostatic Interactions

Protein−polysaccharide complexes constructed via self-assembly methods are often used to develop novel 17 biomaterials for a wide range of applications in biomedicine, food, and biotechnology. The objective of this work was to 18 investigate theoretically and to demonstrate via constant-pH Monte Carlo simulations that the complexation phenomenon 19 between insulin (INS) and the cationic polyelectrolyte chitosan (CS) is mainly driven by an electrostatic mechanism. 20 Experimental results obtained from FTIR spectra and ζ-potential determinations allowed us to complement the conclusions. 21 The characteristic absorption bands for the complexes could be assigned to a combination of signals from CS amide I and INS 22 amide II. The second peak corresponds to the interaction between the polymer and the protein at the level of amide II. INS− 23 CS complexation processes not expected when INS is in its monomeric form, but for both tetrameric and hexameric forms, 24 incipient complexation due to charge regulation mechanism took place at pH 5. The complexation range was observed to be 5.5 25 < pH < 6.5. In general, when the number of INS units increases in the simulation process, the solution pH at which the 26 complexation can occur shifts toward acidic conditions. CS’s chain interacts more efficiently, i.e. in a wider pH range, with INS 27 aggregates formed by the highest monomer number. The charge regulation mechanism can be considered as a previous phase 28 toward complexation (incipient complexation) caused by weak interactions of a Coulombic nature.Fil: Prudkin Silva, Cecilia Raquel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Pérez, Carlos E.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Martínez, Karina Dafne. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Tecnología en Polímeros y Nanotecnología. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Tecnología en Polímeros y Nanotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Barroso da silva, Fernando. Universidade do Sao Paulo. Departamento de Bioquímica; Brasi

Medindo qualidade no jornalismo online: uma proposta de ferramentas metodológicas digitais

This study highlights the methodological problems and their solutions in the analysis of qualitative research The genesis: history and present of digital journalism in the state of Rio Grande do Sul are described assumptions and methodological tools used free software - MySQL database, LibreOffice office suite - with details about the formulas used to calculate automatic qualitative level of newspaper sites on the Web, from quantitative data.Keywords: online journalism, scientific methodology, qualitative analysis.Este trabalho aponta os problemas metodológicos e suas soluções na análise qualitativa da pesquisa “A gênese: história e presente do jornalismo digital no estado do Rio Grande do Sul”. Descrevem-se os pressupostos metodológicos e as ferramentas de software-livre usadas – banco de dados MySQL, suíte de escritório LibreOffice –, com detalhes sobre as fórmulas usadas para cálculo automático do nível qualitativo dos sites de jornais na Web, a partir de dados quantitativos.Palavras-chave: jornalismo online, metodologia científica, análise qualitativa

El periodismo dron: ¿innovación, disrupción o continuidad? Un estudio teórico retrospectivo sobre la captación de imágenes aéreas en el contexto de una cultura visual // The Drone Journalism: innovation, disruption or continuity?

Este estudio de índole exploratoria pretende de manera argumentativa y analítica rebatir la noción que la utilización del drone, para captación de imágenes aéreas en el periodismo contemporáneo, representa una herramienta tecnológica innovadora y disruptiva (LATZER, 2009; GYNNILD, 2014; BELAIR-GAGNON, OWEN Y HOLTON, 2017). En vez de apelar a las nociones usuales de “Innovación” o de “Disrupción” - conceptos empleados en el presente con cierta “liviandad” liberal” (PALACIOS, 2017), hasta incluso por moda (SCOLARI, 2008)-, se propone incluir como opción el concepto de continuidad (PALACIOS, 2003). Efectuando un estudio teórico e histórico retrospectivo es posible distinguir que el drone corresponde más bien a una tecnología que, tras haber sido sustancialmente mejorada técnicamente con el pasar de los años, ha favorecido, junto con otras técnicas mecánicas, artísticas y estéticas, la consolidación de una cultura visual (DORRIAN Y POUSIN, 2013)

High molecular weight chitosan based particles for insulin encapsulation obtained via nanospray technology

The objective of this work was to obtain Chitosan (CS) based particles for Insulin (INS) encapsulation, via nanospray drying of a feeding solution containing equal amounts of both components (0.1% w/v total solids content). The process was performed at pH 3 which is out of the range for electrostatic interactions to occur. The analysis involved the nanoparticles (NP) characterization in the solution before drying (pH 3) by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and after re-hydration at different pHs (3< pH < 11). The dried product was characterized by Fourier-transform spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). FTIR allowed detecting the chemical groups involved in INS-CS interactions. The encapsulation efficiency of the glassy NP was 62.3 ± 0.32% as determined by HPLC. Upon powder re-hydration, NP of diameter <200 nm were obtained, with a minority of them exceeding the micron. The change in the shape and temperature of the main endothermic DSC peak and the higher Tg value of the NP would confirm the increase in INS thermal stability when entrapped in a CS matrix. In terms of biological activity an in-vitro system was assayed. 3T3-L1 fibroblasts were exposed to INS and InsulinChitosan nanoparticles (INS-CS NP). Both treatments showed AKT phosphorylation, which is an indication of AKT activation. The activity of AKT plays an essential role in cell metabolism (lipid and glucose), growth, proliferation, polarity, among others. This activity is a measure of the upstream cell signals, i.e. INS’s receptor activity. Phosphorylated AKT was detected during the assay time for INS-CS NP, showing remarkable differences respect to single INS. Nanodrying technology could be used to trap INS into CS matrix keeping the specific hormone functions and protecting it from the hostile conditions of the body.Fil: Prudkin Silva, Cecilia Raquel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Martinez, Jimena Hebe. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Mazzobre, Maria Florencia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Quimicos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Quimicos.; ArgentinaFil: Quiroz Reyes, Cinthya. Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados. Departamento de Fisica.; MéxicoFil: San Juan, Erwin. Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados. Departamento de Fisica.; Méxic

Proposed molecular model for electrostatic interactions between insulin and chitosan. Nano-complexation and activity in cultured cells

The objective of this contribution was to propose a model that would explain the nanocomplexes formation between Human Recombinant Insulin (I) and a polydisperse Chitosan (CS). Such an objective implied exploring I and CS concentration conditions that allowed the formation of complexes with defined and reproducible submicronic dimensions. I-CS complexes were obtained by mixing I and CS solutions at pH 2 and then increasing the pH up to 6 promoting electrostatic interactions between them. Colloidal stages of I and I-CS nano-complexes formation were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), ζ-potential, solutions flow behavior and absorbance measurements. 1·10−2%, w/w, of CS allowed covering completely the surface protein aggregates constituting core–shell nano-structures of 200 nm, with a ζ-potential of 17,5 mV. Solution dynamic viscosity results kept relation with different stages of nano-complexation process. Biological activity of I-CS complexes was studied in 3T3-L1 cultured fibroblast showing a delayed and sustained activity as compared to free insulin. I-CS nano-complexes could be an alternative for developing a new generation of drugs allowing I protection from the hostile conditions of the body and increasing its absorption. These findings have basic and practical impacts as they could be exploited to exert the controlled release of I in therapeutic formulations by using the I-CS nano-complexes.Fil: Prudkin Silva, Cecilia Raquel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Biológica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Martinez, Jimena Hebe. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Biológica; ArgentinaFil: Martínez, Karina Dafne. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Quimicos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Quimicos.; ArgentinaFil: Farías Hermosilla, María Estefanía. Universidad Nacional de Luján. Departamento de Tecnología; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Industrias; Argentina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Coluccio Leskow, Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Biológica; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Luján; ArgentinaFil: Perez, Oscar Edgardo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Biológica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Lanús; Argentin

Mechanisms of FUS1/TUSC2 deficiency in mesothelioma and its tumorigenic transcriptional effects

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>FUS1/TUSC2 is a novel tumor suppressor located in the critical 3p21.3 chromosomal region frequently deleted in multiple cancers. We previously showed that Tusc2-deficient mice display a complex immuno-inflammatory phenotype with a predisposition to cancer. The goal of this study was to analyze possible involvement of TUSC2 in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) - an aggressive inflammatory cancer associated with exposure to asbestos.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>TUSC2 insufficiency in clinical specimens of MPM was assessed via RT-PCR (mRNA level), Representational Oligonucleotide Microarray Analysis (DNA level), and immunohistochemical evaluation (protein level). A possible link between TUSC2 expression and exposure to asbestos was studied using asbestos-treated mesothelial cells and ROS (reactive oxygen species) scavengers. Transcripional effects of TUSC2 in MPM were assessed through expression array analysis of TUSC2-transfected MPM cells.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Expression of TUSC2 was downregulated in ~84% of MM specimens while loss of TUSC2-containing 3p21.3 region observed in ~36% of MPMs including stage 1 tumors. Exposure to asbestos led to a transcriptional suppression of TUSC2, which we found to be ROS-dependent. Expression array studies showed that TUSC2 activates transcription of multiple genes with tumor suppressor properties and down-regulates pro-tumorigenic genes, thus supporting its role as a tumor suppressor. In agreement with our knockout model, TUSC2 up-regulated IL-15 and also modulated more than 40 other genes (~20% of total TUSC2-affected genes) associated with immune system. Among these genes, we identified CD24 and CD274, key immunoreceptors that regulate immunogenic T and B cells and play important roles in systemic autoimmune diseases. Finally, clinical significance of TUSC2 transcriptional effects was validated on the expression array data produced previously on clinical specimens of MPM. In this analysis, 42 TUSC2 targets proved to be concordantly modulated in MM serving as disease discriminators.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our data support immuno-therapeutic potential of TUSC2, define its targets, and underscore its importance as a transcriptional stimulator of anti-tumorigenic pathways.</p

miR-93, miR-98, and miR-197 Regulate Expression of Tumor Suppressor Gene FUS1

FUS1 is a tumor suppressor gene located on human chromosome 3p21, and expression of Fus1 protein is highly regulated at various levels, leading to lost or greatly diminished tumor suppressor function in many lung cancers. Here we show that selected microRNAs (miRNAs) interact with the 3’ untranslated region (3’ UTR) of FUS1, leading to down-regulation of protein expression. Using computational methods, we first predicted that FUS1 is a target of three miRNAs, miR-93, miR-98 and miR-197, and then showed that exogenous over-expression of these miRNAs inhibited Fus1 protein expression. We then confirmed that the three miRNAs target the 3’UTR region of the FUS1 transcript, and that individual deletion of the three miRNA target sites in the FUS1 3’UTR restores the expression level of Fus1 protein. We further found that miR-93 and miR-98 are expressed at higher levels in small cell lung cancer cell lines (SCLC) than in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines (NSCLC) and immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs), and that miR-197 is expressed at higher levels in both SCLC and NSCLC than in HBECs. Finally, we found that elevated miR-93 and miR-197 expression is correlated with reduced Fus1 expression in NSCLC tumor specimens. These results suggest that the three miRNAs are negative regulators of Fus1 expression in lung cancers