Dynamic shading systems: A review of design parameters, platforms and evaluation strategies

The advancements in software and hardware technologies provide opportunities for solar shading systems to function dynamically within their context. This development has helped dynamic shading systems respond to variable environmental parameters such as sun angles and solar insolation. However, the technical understanding of system design, mechanism and controlling methods presents a challenge for architects and designers. Therefore, this study aims to review the current applications and trends of dynamic shading systems to clarify the potentials and limitations in enhancing system performance based on integrated design objectives. This study assessed several systems on the basis of a critical review to identify different models, applications and methodologies. This study is divided into two main sections: (i) design elements and platforms that engage with specific methods in creating a dynamic shading system and (ii) evaluation strategies to examine system performance. The systems were investigated based on the multiplicity and integration of the parameters involved through various components, such as architectural, mechanical, operational and automation components. The review analysed various studies on the following two bases: (1) geometric-based analysis, which distinguishes between simple and complex shading models, and (2) performance-based analysis, which assesses the shading systems based on two groups of methodologies, namely, theoretical and experimental. The outcome of the review reflects a clear classification of shading models and a comprehensive analysis of their performance. This study generally provides a systematic framework for architects based on thorough research and investigation. Finally, the study introduced several findings and recommendations to improve the performance of dynamic shading systems

Laboratories for the 21st Century: An Introduction to Low-Energy Design; Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) Brochure

With its extensive requirements for environmental systems, flexibility, and growth, energy-efficient laboratory design is a challenge. Unlike other building types, a laboratory has HVAC and energy considerations that cannot be deferred; they must play a key, formative role if the building is to succeed. This publication should help to sensitize building professionals and their clients to the complex array of issues associated with efficient laboratory design and performance. This is only an introduction and you will need to consult other resources for in-depth information about energy-efficient laboratory design

Procuring Low-Energy Design and Consulting Services

Dozens of Federal agencies design, construct, renovate, and maintain thousands of offices, warehouses, and dwelling units in a wide range of climates and conditions. As the world's largest consumer of energy (1.2 quadrillion British thermal units [Btu] delivered to the point of use in fiscal year 1994), the Federal government has a tremendous opportunity to save vast amounts of money each year in energy costs. Executive Order 12902, which was passed in 1994, challenges Federal building managers to reduce the energy consumption of these facilities (30% from 1985 levels by the year 2005). To meet this challenge, they have been directed to incorporate energy efficiency, renewable energy, and specifically, passive solar design into all major projects when it is technically and economically feasible. But how can they do it? The information presented here will help them initiate and manage the procurement and design process and answer many of their questions. This is a Guide for Federal Building Managers, Architects, and Engineers