Ferramentas modernas de regulação e gestão do sortimento da empresa

The article proposes a number of tools for managing the assortment of the multinomenclature enterprise; the method of forming the assortment policy is improved. The role and importance of forming the assortment which is adequate to the market requirements and production capabilities are disclosed. Based on the results of leading economists, the necessity to formulate a comprehensive methodology for managing the assortment is concluded. The method of forming the assortment, proposed in the article, is adapted to the modern conditions of management. The assortment policy formation is proposed to be carried out step by step, with the using accounting data and primary information which is obtained through field research and modern Internet technologies. The indexes for estimating the assortment of the production enterprise are listed. The algorithm of an estimation of adequacy of an existing assortment to market requirements and to production possibilities is described. It is proposed to compare the stage of the product life cycle with the level of return of unrealized products and the level of production equipment loading. The integration of modern Internet technologies into the mechanism of the assortment formation is offered. The main emphasis is on calculating the coefficients of adequacy of goods to the market, corrected in real time by statistical data of the firm's website. The using of the assortment list as an instrument of assortment control at points of sale is considered. The article is of an applied nature.El artículo propone una serie de herramientas para gestionar el surtido de la empresa multinomenclatura; el método para formar la política de surtido se mejora. Se describe el papel y la importancia de formar el surtido adecuado a los requisitos del mercado y las capacidades de producción. Con base en los resultados de los principales economistas, se concluye la necesidad de formular una metodología integral para administrar el surtido. El método de formación del surtido, propuesto en el artículo, se adapta a las condiciones modernas de gestión. La formación de la política de surtido se propone llevar a cabo paso a paso, con el uso de datos contables y la información primaria que se obtiene a través de la investigación de campo y las tecnologías modernas de Internet. Se enumeran los índices para estimar el surtido de la empresa de producción. Se describe el algoritmo de una estimación de la adecuación de un surtido existente a los requisitos del mercado y a las posibilidades de producción. Se propone comparar la etapa del ciclo de vida del producto con el nivel de retorno de los productos no realizados y el nivel de carga del equipo de producción. Se ofrece la integración de las modernas tecnologías de Internet en el mecanismo de la formación del surtido. El énfasis principal está en el cálculo de los coeficientes de adecuación de los bienes al mercado, corregidos en tiempo real por los datos estadísticos del sitio web de la empresa. Se considera el uso de la lista de surtido como un instrumento de control del surtido en los puntos de venta. El artículo es de naturaleza aplicadaO artigo propõe uma série de ferramentas para gerenciar o sortimento do empreendimento multinomenclatura; o método de formar a política de sortimento é melhorado. O papel e a importância de formar o sortimento adequado às exigências do mercado e às capacidades de produção são divulgados. Com base nos resultados dos principais economistas, conclui-se a necessidade de formular uma metodologia abrangente para gerenciar o sortimento. O método de formação do sortimento, proposto no artigo, é adaptado às modernas condições de gestão. Propõe-se que a formação da política de sortimento seja realizada passo a passo, com o uso de dados contábeis e informações primárias obtidas por meio de pesquisa de campo e modernas tecnologias da Internet. Os índices para estimar o sortimento da empresa de produção são listados. O algoritmo de uma estimativa de adequação de um sortimento existente aos requisitos do mercado e às possibilidades de produção é descrito. Propõe-se comparar o estágio do ciclo de vida do produto com o nível de retorno de produtos não realizados e o nível de carregamento do equipamento de produção. A integração de tecnologias modernas da Internet no mecanismo da formação de sortimento é oferecida. A principal ênfase é no cálculo dos coeficientes de adequação dos bens ao mercado, corrigidos em tempo real pelos dados estatísticos do site da empresa. O uso da lista de sortimento como um instrumento de controle de sortimento em pontos de venda é considerado.O artigo é de natureza aplicada

Äge E-viirushepatiit. Haigusjuhu kirjeldus

E-hepatiidi viirus avastati 1983. aastal. Kuni viimase ajani oldi arvamusel, et E-hepatiit on vaid endeemilistes piirkondades esinev haigus ja sellesse haigestutakse neid piirkondi külastades. Nüüdseks on kirjanduses rohkesti andmeid, et E-hepatiit võib esineda Euroopas ka omamaise haigusena. Kirjeldatud on 48aastase meespatsiendi haigusjuhtu, kes haigestus ägedasse hepatiiti ja kel leiti veres E-hepatiidivastased antikehad. Haiguse kulg oli soodus, haige paranes.Eesti Arst 2013; 92(10):587–58

Modern educational technology in higher education institutions. Education quality assessment

Система менеджмента качества любого вуза не может считаться полной и эффективной, если в ней не применяются инструменты, позволяющие осуществлять мониторинг основного процесса – образовательного – с использованием информационных технологий. Эффективный внутренний контроль качества в вузе возможен только при системном подходе к менеджменту и использовании современных технологий. Эти и другие вопросы будут рассмотрены в данной статье.The quality management system of any university can not be considered a complete and effective if it does not apply the tools to monitor the main process – education – using information technology. Effective internal quality control in high school is only possible when the system approach to the management and use of modern technology. These and other questions will be discussed in this article

Ancient origin, functional conservation and fast evolution of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase III

RNA polymerase III contains seventeen subunits in yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe) and in human cells. Twelve of them are akin to the core RNA polymerase I or II. The five other are RNA polymerase III-specific and form the functionally distinct groups Rpc31-Rpc34-Rpc82 and Rpc37-Rpc53. Currently sequenced eukaryotic genomes revealed significant homology to these seventeen subunits in Fungi, Animals, Plants and Amoebozoans. Except for subunit Rpc31, this also extended to the much more distantly related genomes of Alveolates and Excavates, indicating that the complex subunit organization of RNA polymerase III emerged at a very early stage of eukaryotic evolution. The Sch.pombe subunits were expressed in S.cerevisiae null mutants and tested for growth. Ten core subunits showed heterospecific complementation, but the two largest catalytic subunits (Rpc1 and Rpc2) and all five RNA polymerase III-specific subunits (Rpc82, Rpc53, Rpc37, Rpc34 and Rpc31) were non-functional. Three highly conserved RNA polymerase III-specific domains were found in the twelve-subunit core structure. They correspond to the Rpc17-Rpc25 dimer, involved in transcription initiation, to an N-terminal domain of the largest subunit Rpc1 important to anchor Rpc31, Rpc34 and Rpc82, and to a C-terminal domain of Rpc1 that presumably holds Rpc37, Rpc53 and their Rpc11 partner

Selective staining and eradication of cancer cells by protein-carrying DARPin-functionalized liposomes

Since their discovery, liposomes have been widely employed in biomedical research. These nano-size spherical vesicles consisting one or few phospholipid bilayers surrounding an aqueous core are capable of carrying a wide variety of bioactive compounds, including drugs, peptides, nucleic acids, proteins and others. Despite considerable success achieved in synthesis of liposome constructs containing bioactive compounds, preparation of ligand-targeted liposomes comprising large quantities of encapsulated proteins that are capable of affecting pathological cells still remains a big challenge. Here we described a novel method for preparation of small (80\u201390 nm in diameter) unilamellar liposomes containing very large quantities (thousands of protein molecules per liposome) of heme-containing cytochrome c, highly fluorescent mCherry and highly toxic PE40 (Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exotoxin A domain). Efficient encapsulation of the proteins was achieved through electrostatic interaction between positively charged proteins (at pH lower than pI) and negatively charged liposome membrane. The proteoliposomes containing large quantities of mCherry or PE40 and functionalized with designed ankyrin repeat protein (DARPin)_9-29, which targets human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) were shown to specifically stain and kill in sub-nanomolar concentrations HER2-positive cells, overexpressing HER2, respectively. Specific staining and eradication of the receptor-positive cells demonstrated here makes the DARPin-functionalized liposomes carrying large quantities of fluorescent and/or toxic proteins a promising candidate for tumor detection and therapy

Features of Cognitive Processes of Female Students Taking into Account Functional Asymmetry and Cyclical Changes in the Hormonal Background

The features of a number of components of the cognitive processes of female students are considered, taking into account the lateral organization of the main analyzer systems and fluctuations in the functional state associated with changes in the hormonal background during the ovarian-menstrual cycle. It was found that the indicators of a number of components of cognitive processes differ in female students with different signs of functional asymmetry in the motor manual system and the fluctuations of these indicators during the ovarian-menstrual cycle — with differences in the lateral organization of not only the manual, but also the visual sphere.Рассмотрены особенности ряда компонентов познавательных процессов девушек-студенток при учете латеральной организации основных анализаторных систем и колебаний функционального состояния, связанных с изменением гормонального фона в течение овариально-менструального цикла. Обнаружено, что ряд показателей различается у студенток с разными признаками функциональной асимметрии в моторной мануальной системе, а колебания указанных показателей в течение овариально-менструального цикла — при различиях латеральной организации не только мануальной, но и зрительной сферы.Часть работы выполнена при поддержке РФФИ (грант № 18-013-01171/20)

Genetics of aging and longevity

Lifespan is a complex quantitative characteristic that makes a significant contribution to the Darwinian adaptiveness. The disclosure of the genetic structure of longevity is a fundamental problem of the evolution of ontogeny, evolutionary genetics and molecular gerontology. Under optimal conditions, the lifespan is determined by the aging rate. The aging process is made up of interrelated processes that take place at the organismal, tissue, cellular, molecular and genetic levels. These include deregulation processes of homeostasis maintenance, metabolic reactions and sending intra- and intercellular signals, accumulation of senescent cells, damaged organelles and macromolecules, epigenetic changes and genetic instability. The objective of this review is to summarize the available information about underlying genetic determinants of longevity and aging. Genes and signaling pathways that regulate stress response, metabolism, growth of cells and organism, maintaining of genome and proteome integrity, qualitative and quantitative mitochondria composition, inflammatory response, apoptosis and selection of viable cells, as well as circadian rhythms were considered. The redistribution of energy resources from one pathway to the other can induce or inhibit the ”longevity program”, providing increased vitality and aging slowdown. Based on the analysis of geroprotective potential of examined genes’ regulation, main targets have been identified to slowdown aging and achieve healthy longevity. These trends include heterochromatin recovery, retrotransposition suppression, aneuploidy elimination; restoring the acidity of lysosomes; telomere elongation; suppression of chronic inflammation; elimination of protein cross-links; elimination of senescent cells; recovery of NAD+ levels; inhibition of mTOR, S6K, TGF-β, AT1; controlled activation of the ”longevity program” genes FOXO, AMPK, PGC1α, NRF2

The Neuronal Overexpression of Gclc in Drosophila melanogaster Induces Life Extension With Longevity-Associated Transcriptomic Changes in the Thorax

Some effects of aging in animals are tissue-specific. In D. melanogaster neuronal overexpression of Gclc increases lifespan and improves certain physiological parameters associated with health benefits such as locomotor activity, circadian rhythmicity, and stress resistance. Our previous transcriptomic analyses of Drosophila heads, primarily composed of neuronal tissue, revealed significant changes in expression levels of genes involved in aging-related signaling pathways (Jak-STAT, MAPK, FOXO, Notch, mTOR, TGF-beta), translation, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, proteasomal degradation, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, apoptosis, regulation of circadian rhythms, differentiation of neurons, synaptic plasticity, and transmission. Considering that various tissues age differently and age-related gene expression changes are tissue-specific, we investigated the effects of neuronal Gclc overexpression on gene expression levels in the imago thorax, which is primarily composed of muscles. A total of 58 genes were found to be differentially expressed between thoraces of control and Gclc overexpressing flies. The Gclc level demonstrated associations with expression of genes involved in the circadian rhythmicity, the genes in categories related to the muscle system process and the downregulation of genes involved in proteolysis. Most of the functional categories altered by Gclc overexpression related to metabolism including Drug metabolism, Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, Glutathione metabolism, Starch and sucrose metabolism, Citrate cycle (TCA cycle), One carbon pool by folate. Thus, the transcriptomic changes caused by neuron-specific Gclc overexpression in the thorax were less pronounced than in the head and affected pathways also differed from previous results. Although these pathways don't belong to the canonical longevity pathways, we suggest that they could participate in the delay of aging of Gclc overexpressing flies

KIVUNHOIDON RISKIT JA HAASTEET GERONTOLOGISESSA HOITOTYÖSSÄ PÄIVYSTYKSESSÄ

Ikääntyneiden ihmisten kivun arvioiminen on usein vaikea sen takia, että gerontologisen hoitotyön riskejä ja haasteita on hyvin vähän tutkittu. Vanhemman väestön ikääntyessä, on tärkeä pitää ikääntyneiden potilaiden kivunhoitotyön osaamista ajan tasalla, sekä kehittää ja tutkia aihetta. Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli selvittää ikääntyneiden päivystyspotilainen kivun hoitoon liittyviä riskejä ja haasteita. Opinnäytetyön tavoitteena oli ikääntyneiden kivun hoidon ja hoitomenetelmien kehittäminen osana moniammatillista työryhmää. Toimeksiantaja oli Kuopion yliopistollisen sairaalan (KYS) Palvelukeskus Akuutti ja sen kivunhoidon kehittämisryhmä. Opinnäytetyö toteutettiin laadullisena tutkimuksena teemahaastatteluna. Opinnäytetyön haastatteluihin osallistuivat päivystysyksikön eri alojen henkilökuntaa (N=6). Teemahaastattelujen aiheet olivat ikääntyneiden potilaiden kivun arviointiin ja hoitoon liittyvät haasteet ja riskit. Aineisto perustui Kuopion yliopistosairaalan henkilökunnan omiin kokemuksiin ja näkemyksiin. Haastattelut toteutettiin yksilöhaastatteluina. Haastattelujen perusteella saatiin tietoa yleisimmistä riskeistä ja haasteista, jotka vaikuttavat kivun arvioimiseen ja hoitoon. Opinnäytetyön tuloksena on saatu kokonaisvaltainen näkemys kivunhoidon riskeistä ja haasteista. Tutkimustulosten mukaan sairaanhoitajat kokivat, että gerontologiseen kivunhoitoon liittyy seuraavat riskit, kuten kommunikaatiovaikeudet aistivaikeuksien ja muistisairauksien vuoksi, päivystyspoliklinikan työkiireet, sekä kivun voimakkuuden oikea arviointi. Kipumittareiden avulla saadut tulokset eivät välttämättä vastaa potilaan tilannetta, joten kipumittareiden soveltuvuutta on pohdittu myös riskinä. Haastateltavan päivystysyksikkön henkilökunnan mielestä päivystyspoliklinnikan kivun hoito on asianmukaista, mutta isoimmat haasteet ovat kipulääkkeiden määräys, lääkkeiden yhteensopivuus ja potilaan oman lääkityksen käyttö. Resurssien puute, kiire ja henkilökunnan kokemus kivunhoidossa vaikuttavat hoidon tasoon. Tutkimusta voidaan hyödyntää hoitotyön koulutusta kehitettäessä ja erilaisia jatkokoulutuksia suunniteltaessa