Plant Breeding: A Success Story to be Continued Thanks to the Advances in Genomics

This work has been funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (AGL2009-07257), Generalitat Valenciana (ACOMP/2011/032), and Universitat Politècnica de València (PAID-05-10-2318)Prohens Tomás, J. (2011). Plant breeding: a success story to be continued thanks to the advances in genomics. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2(51):1-3. doi:10.3389/fpls.2011.00051S1325

Wilder l'artesà

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Sa Festa Des Motoret. Anàlisi de les desigualtats de gènere en l’esfera festiva del poble de Llubí

Treballs Finals de Grau Antropologia Social i Cultural, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2013-2014, Tutor: Camila del Mármol CartañáLes festes populars són un reflex de la realitat social d’una comunitat. A través del seu estudi podem descobrir les estructures fonamentals que sostenen una societat, així com les dinàmiques que la regeixen. En aquest article presento el cas de la Festa des Motoret, un esdeveniment festiu que té lloc en un petit poble de l’illa de Mallorca. En la festa, les dones hi tenen restringida la seva participació, no podent desenvolupar més que el paper d’espectadores. A través de l’anàlisi de les relacions de gènere que operen en aquesta festivitat, es pretén descobrir quins són els mecanismes que legitimen i reprodueixen una desigual distribució de posicions de poder en l’esfera festiva del poble

Phenological growth stages of pepino (Solanum muricatum) according to the BBCH scale

[EN] The pepino (Soianum muricatum) is a solanaceous vegetatively propagated fruit crop of Andean origin. We provide a detailed description of phenological stages because it is of interest for pepino crop management and research. Given the increasing prominence of this crop, and the fact that it morphologically and developmentally variable, and different from other major solanaceous crops, we have developed a pepino specific BBCH (Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt, CHemische Industrie) numerical scale. Nine principal stages are described for germination/rooting, leaf development, formation of side shoots, main shoot elongation, inflorescence emergence, flowering, development of fruit, ripening of fruit and seed, and senescence. Secondary stages (two-digit scale) have been identified for all principal stages. Complementary descriptions using mesostages (three-digit scale) have been developed for leaf development, formation of side shoots, inflorescence emergence, and flowering phenological stages. A description of all phenological stages combined with illustrations is provided. The utility of the BBCH scale has been validated by comparing several traits of agronomic interest at specific developmental stages in a collection of pepino local varieties, modern cultivars and wild relatives. The BBCH scale developed provides uniform criteria for the description, identification and selection of phenological stages of the pepino and will facilitate the management, breeding and conservation of genetic resources of this crop. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Herraiz García, FJ.; Vilanova Navarro, S.; Plazas Ávila, MDLO.; Gramazio, P.; Andújar, I.; Rodríguez Burruezo, A.; Fita, A.... (2015). Phenological growth stages of pepino (Solanum muricatum) according to the BBCH scale. Scientia Horticulturae. 183:1-7. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2014.12.008S1718

Breeding strategies for improving the performance and fruit quality of the pepino (Solanum muricatum): A model for the enhancement of underutilized exotic fruits

The pepino (Solanum muricatum Aiton) is a neglected Andean crop that has elicited an increasing interest from exotic fruit markets. The pepino is highly diverse and, by using appropriate breeding strategies, it has been possible to develop new improved materials. Here we review more than a decade of efforts and advancements made in the genetic improvement of the pepino for several traits, with special emphasis on fruit quality. Different strategies, like the use of a wide diversity of genetic resources, exploitation of genotype × environment interaction, use of clonal hybrids, and introgression of genes from wild species, have facilitated significant developments in enhancing the commercial potential of the pepino, and have allowed the development of new cultivars and breeding materials adapted to new agroclimatic conditions. Agronomic performance of the pepino has been improved by the use of genetic parthenocarpy, selection for resistance to Tomato Mosaic Virus, and by developing hybrids, that manifested heterosis, but also did not have lower quality fruit. Breeding for quality has been focused mostly on the improvement of flavor (sweetness and aroma) and nutritional value (ascorbic acid content; AAC). Despite the limited intraspecific diversity available for sugar content, materials with high soluble solids content (SSC) have been selected. Strategies for further increases of SSC and titratable acidity have been based in the use of wild relatives. The study of variation within the cultigen was also helpful in the selection of hybrid genotypes with improved aroma profiles and high AAC values. As a result of the breeding efforts, several cultivars with improved agronomic performance and fruit quality have been produced. The use of biotechnological tools represents an opportunity to use the extensive genomic information compiled for related species, like tomato or potato, for the future improvement and enhancement of pepino quality. The results obtained in the pepino show that ample opportunities exist for improving the commercial potential of under-utilized fruits by means of breeding based on the exploitation of genetic diversity. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.Rodríguez Burruezo, A.; Prohens Tomás, J.; Fita, A. (2011). Breeding strategies for improving the performance and fruit quality of the pepino (Solanum muricatum): A model for the enhancement of underutilized exotic fruits. Food Research International. 44(7):1927-1935. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2010.12.028S1927193544

Asymptotic dynamics of a difference equation with a parabolic equilibrium

The aim of this work is the study of the asymptotic dynamical behaviour, of solutions that approach parabolic fixed points in difference equations. In one dimensional difference equations, we present the asymptotic development for positive solutions tending to the fixed point. For higher dimensions, through the study of two families of difference equations in the two and three dimensional case, we take a look at the asymptotic dynamic behaviour. To show the existence of solutions we rely on the parametrization method

Uniqueness of the limit cycles for complex differential equations with two monomials

We prove that any complex differential equation with two monomials of the form z˙ = azk ¯zl + bzm¯zn, with k, l, m, n non-negative integers and a, b ∈ C, has one limit cycle at most. Moreover, we characterise when such a limit exists and prove that then it is hyperbolic. For an arbitrary equation of the above form, we also solve the centrefocus problem and examine the number, position, and type of its critical points. In particular, we prove a Berlinski˘ı-type result regarding the geometrical distribution of the critical points stabilities

Global behaviour of the period function for some degenerate centers

We study the global behaviour of the period function on the period annulus of degenerate centers for two families of planar polynomial vector fields. These families are the quasi-homogeneous vector fields and the vector fields given by the sum of two quasi-homogeneous Hamiltonian ones. In the first case we prove that the period function is globally decreasing, extending previous results that deal either with the Hamiltonian quasi-homogeneous case or with the general homogeneous situation. In the second family, and after adding some more additional hypotheses, we show that the period function of the origin is either decreasing or has at most one critical period and that both possibilities may happen. This result also extends some previous results that deal with the situation where both vector fields are homogenous and the origin is a non-degenerate center