A Structural Model of Business Performance: An Empirical Study on Tobacco Farmers

Few studies have been conducted on how farmers’ entrepreneurship affects their farm performance. However, factors of entrepreneurship have not been adequately explored by researchers. Textbooks and articles on farm management usually stress the importance of farmers’ management capability with respect to their farm output. Unfortunately, they have failed to relate management capability to entrepreneurship. This study was conducted using a multilevel analysis with Structural Equation Model (SEM) to know the causal relationships among environment factors such as the country’s economy, natural resources, institutions and organizations, individual backgrounds, entrepreneurship, management capacity, and farm performance. The cross-sectional data was obtained in 2003 from four dominant tobacco-producing districts in Central Java. The multilevel model –that relates external environment, entrepreneurship, and management capacity– can adequately represent the data to estimate farm performance.The results of the analysis indicate that factors like personal aspects, together with physical, economic and institutional environments, affect farmers’ entrepreneurship. Personal aspects turn out to be the dominant factor that determines entrepreneurship and farm performance. This study also shows that farmers’ entrepreneurship is affected by their management capacity, which, in turn, affects the farmers’ farm performance. While there is no doubt in the adequacy of the model to estimate farm performance, this finding invites further investigation to validate it in other fields and scale of business, such as in small and medium enterprises and other companies. Furthermore, in order to evaluate the goodness of fit of the model in various contexts, further research both in a cross-cultural context and cross-national contexts using this model should be conducted

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PUZZLE PADA MATERI RAGAM HIAS KELAS X ANIMASI SMKN 1 DLANGGU MOJOKERTO

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi keinginan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran puzzle yang diujicobakan pada siswa kelas X Animasi SMKN 1 Dlanggu, Mojokerto, pada materi ragam hias. Tujuan penelitian ini yakni untuk mendeskripsikan proses perancangan media, hasil pembuatan media, proses penerapan media, dan efektivitas media. Metode penelitian menggunakan Research and Development, dengan model pengembangan ADDIE (analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation). Pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, angket, dokumentasi, dan tes. Sedangkan validasi data menggunakan teknik triagulasi. Proses perancangan media dilakukan dengan merancang desain media, menentukan alat dan bahan, kemudian pembuatan media menjadi produk jadi. Media yang dibuat kemudian diajukan kepada validator media dan validator materi. Setelah dilakukan revisi sesuai masukan validasi pertama, dihasilkan nilai kelayakan media sebesar 100% dan nilai kelayakan materi sebesar 94%. Hasil validasi media telah layak dengan kriteria sangat bagus. Media pembelajaran puzzle ragam hias berjumlah 8 buah dengan rincian ukuran 32x44 cm, yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran berkelompok. Proses penerapan media dilakukan dengan menjelaskan materi ragam hias, penggunaan media, dan tes menggambar (pre-test, post-test). Pengukuran keefektivan media diperoleh dari data kenaikan nilai siswa dari rata-rata nilai pre-test 77 dan rata-rata nilai post-test 87. Kesimpulannya, media pembelajaran puzzle ragam hias telah layak digunakan dan telah memenuhi kriteria dalam pengembangan media pembelajaran. Kata Kunci: media pembelajaran, puzzle, ragam hias

Evaluasi Kelayakan Investasi Proyek Perumahan Dan Tingkat Kepuasan Konsumen Perumahan (Studi Kasus : Shapira Town House Paulan Karanganyar)

Business property provides a greater opportunity in Karanganyar city and surrounding areas. strategic location between major cities such as Solo, Sukoharjo and Boyolali. This it gets the attention of developers who develop residential business was Mr. Santo in development projects Shapira Town House located in the village Paulan, Colomadu sub-district, Karanganyar district. Based on the result of the research budget planning costs (RAB) Shapira Town House residence project that is amounting to Rp 5,513,094,000.00 and the calculation of total sales revenue 24 unnit home Rp 14,038,664,000.00. In terms of economic and financial investment in this project are feasible or viable. The result of the calculation of NPV of Rp 886,280,000.00, the resulting NPV is positive, suggests that the investment is feasible or viable. IRR (Internal Rate of Return) = 26.88%> rate of interest = 12%, so the investment is feasible or deserved. BCR value (Benefit Cost Ratio) = 1.09> 1, so that the investment is feasible or viable. Payback calculations Pariod or long payback investasi on housing projects Shapira Town House for 1 year and 4 months or in the 2nd. From several indicator that accupant or costumers generally is statisfied presentation of statisfaction about price of house reacher (80%) responden were statisfied. The statisfaction of accupant abaut house reacher (81%) responden were statisfied. the statisfaction of accupant about house facillity insfrastructure reacher (83,33%) responden were statisfied. The statisfaction abaut aksesibility of house (30%) responden were statisfied. , (20,50%) responden were not statisfied, and (47,50%) responden were statisfied are in netral and reguler on accessibility from hausing. From variables of statisfaction level the responden have CS calculation value below of CS table value. Whice means there is no signification with variables and the in habitants of small type with the house hold respondent large

Prognostic Significance of Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C (Serum Vegf-C) and Lymph-Vascular Space Invasion in Early Stage Cervical Cancer

Background: Management of early stage cervical cancer is still challenging. Several clinical-pathological prognostic factors that are currently used in clinical practice include stage, bulky tumor, stromal deep invasion, differentiation, histology, lymph vascular space invasion and status of lymph-node. Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C (VEGF-C) has an important role in metastasis as an angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factor. This study aimed to determine prognostic significance of serum VEGF-Cand lymph-vascular space invasionin early stage cervical cancer. Subjects and Method: This was a case-control study conducted at January to October 2007. A sample of47 early-stage cervical cancer patients including 14 patients with lymph node metastasis (case) and 33 patients without lymph node metastasis (control) was selected for this study. The dependent variable was lymph node metastasis. The independent variables were serum VEGF-C and lymph vascular space invasion. Serum VEGF-C levels were examined by ELISA method. The data were analyzed by logistic regression. Results: A cut-off point of serum VEGF-C level of 10.07 pg/ mLresulted in 78.57% sensitivity and 96.97% specificity. The risk of lymph node metastasis increased with serum VEGF-C level > 10.07 pg/ mL (OR= 80.0; 95% CI=7.99 to 800.71; p< 0.001) and lymph vascular space invasion (OR= 20.00; 95% CI=2.32 to 171.7; p= 0.006). Conclusion: Serum VEGF-C and lymph vascular space invasion can be used as independent prognostic factor on the risk of lymph-node metastasis in early stage cervical cancer. Keywords: cervical cancer, prognostic factor, serum VEGF-C, lymph node metastasis

Relative Effectiveness of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Versus Primary Surgery in Patients with Advanced Ovarian Cancer

Background: This study aimed to compare the morbidity and disease free progression between patients with advanced ovarian cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by surgery and those treated conventionally with cytoreductive surgery followed by cytotoxic chemotherapy. Subjects and method: This was a retrospective-cohort study conducted at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. A sample of 84 patients with advanced-stage ovarian cancer was selected for this study, consisting of 64 patients treated conventionally (CT group) with primary surgery followed by platinum based adjuvant chemotherapy, 20 patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, of which 8 patients subsequently underwent interval debulking and adjuvant chemotherapy (NAC group). The dependent variables were morbidity and disease free progression. The independent data were neoadjuvant chemotherapy and cytoreductive surgery followed by cytotoxic chemotherapy. The data were collected from medical record and questionnaire. Difference in means between the two groups was tested by t-test. Difference in percents between the two groups was tested by chi-square. Results: The response rate to the NAC assessed at three cycles was 40%. Performance status (Hb, albumin, ascites, pleural effusion, Ca 125, and stage) in the NAC group was worse than CT group. Disease free progression after 12 and 24 months in the NAC group was 30% and 5%, CT group was 10% and 7.5%, respectively. Parameters of surgical aggressiveness (massive bleeding, organ injury, and ICU stay) were lower in the NAC group than the conventional group. Complication rate of surgical injury in CT group was 17% and zero in the NAC group. Conclusion: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by interval debulking in advanced ovarian cancer does not affect disease free progression but reduces morbidity. Keywords: neoadjuvant chemotherapy, interval debulking, cytoreductive surgery, cytotoxic chemotherapy, disease free progression, morbidity, advanced ovarian cancer

Analisis Karakter Kedisiplinan Berbasis Tri Sentra Pendidikan Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Di Taman Kanak-Kanak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan: 1) Mengetahui implementasi karakter kedisiplinan berbasis tri sentra pendidikan masa pandemi covid-19 di Taman Kanak-Kanak usia 5 sampai 6 tahun Kecamatan Bandar , 2) Mengetahui bagaimana menanamkan karakter kedisiplinan berbasis tri sentra pendidikan masa pandemi covid-19 di Taman Kanak-Kanak usia 5 sampai 6 tahun Kecamatan Bandar, 3) Mengetahui tingkat pencapaian implementasi karakter kedisiplinan berbasis tri sentra pendidikan masa pandemi covid-19 di Taman Kanak-Kanak usia 5 sampai 6 tahun Kecamatan Bandar. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan&nbsp; di Taman Kanak-Kanak usia 5 sampai 6 tahun Kecamatan Bandar. Adapun yang menjadi informan dalam penelitian adalah 1) Kepala Sekolah,&nbsp; 1 guru TKN Pembina Kecamatan Bandar, 3 orangtua wali anak didik, 3 orang tetangga dekat anak didik TKN Pembina Kecamatan Bandar, 2) Kepala Sekolah, 1 guru TK Pertiwi Toso, 3 orangtua wali anak didik, 3 orang tetangga dekat anak didik TK Pertiwi Toso, 3)&nbsp; Kepala Sekolah, 1 guru TK Bhennika, 3 orangtua wali anak didik, 3 orang tetangga dekat anak didik TK Bhinneka. Pengumpulan data yang dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Uji keabsahan data dilakukan dengan teknik triangulasi. Data penelitian dianalisis dengan teknik reduksi data, penyajian data, dan kesimpulan. Penelitian ini menghasilkan temuan sebagai berikut : Pembentukan karakter kedisiplin anak didik di masa pandemic covid - 19 dapat dilakukan melalui tri sentra pendidikan yaitu keluarga, sekolah dan masyarakat . Penanam&nbsp; karakter kedisiplinan ini dimulai dari keluarga, sekolah dan masyarakat atau tertangga dekat anak didik. Tujuannya agar terciptanya perilaku karakter disiplin pada anak didik seperti bangun pagi secara teratur, mengerjakan tugas di rumah,perilaku ini menunjukkan&nbsp; karakter kedisiplinan kategori Mulai Berkerbang (MB) karena anak belum mempunyai kesadaran sehingga memerlukan pendampingan orang tua dirumah , datang ke sekolah tepat waktu, cuci tangan dengan tertib, berbaris tertib dan rapi masuk ke ruang kelas menunjukkan karakter kedisiplinan kategori Berkembang Sesuai Harapan (BSH), memakai masker selama kegiatan di sekolah, jaga jarak saat kegiatan belajar/ bermain menunjukkan karakter kedisiplinan kategori Mulai Berkembang (MB), memakai masker ketika keluar rumah,/ bermain menunjuk karakter kedisiplinan kategori Mulai Berkembang (MB) sedangkan&nbsp; menjaga lingkungan dengan membuang sampah ditempatnya menunjuk karakter kedisiplinan kategori Berkebang Sesuai Harapan (BSH

Green business behaviour, green technologies, and sustainability in SMEs

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the management and environmentally- friendly behavior of small-scale aquaculture businesses with emphasis on the institutional environment, entrepreneurial orientation, and green technology. Design/methodology/approach: The sample consists of 198 respondents in the aquaculturebased SMEs, analyzed with structural equation model (SEM) by using AMOS software. Findings: The findings show the role of management and business behavior in green business of aquaculture SMEs. This behavior affects the cost and resource efficiency. Practical implications: The results contribute for SMEs how to manage environmentally friendly businesses through process that encourages environmental governance. Originality/value: This finding is based on resource based view theory, by identifying and managing the potential resources through green business initiative in SMEs.peer-reviewe

DINAMIKA RANTAI PASOK BERAS DI KECAMATAN BANSARI KABUPATEN TEMANGGUNG

Temanggung Regency is the rice producer with the third highest productivity in the province of Central Java. Bansari District, one of the sub-districts in Temanggung Regency, has the potential to be developed as an agricultural area because most of its people are farmer. The study of rice supply chain in Bansari sub-district Temanggung regency is significance in order to design the efficiency of rice supply chain mechanism in the interest of rice farmers’ welfare in Bansari district Temanggung. The purpose of this research is to examine and review the patterns or mechanisms of rice supply chain and to analyse the role undertaken by the supply chain actors in Bansari district. The research method used a qualitative method. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation and library studies. The observed units in this research were the rice supply chain agents in Bansari subdistrict, namely rice farmers, rice milling entrepreneurs, rice traders and buyers or consumers of rice. The pattern of the rice supply chain actors in Bansari subdistrict, had only one supply chain flow, namely, the flow of products. There were several actors involved in the rice supply chain including farmers, active and passive traders, piners, milling, consumer households. The supply chain actors had their respective role in distributing rice from farmers to household consumers through the their relevant activities. There is no government intervention in supply chain in Bansari district. Business partnerships were required to develop businesses in the field of rice farming in Bansari district

Uji efikasi insektisida berbahan aktif alphacypermethrin terhadap lalat rumah Musca domestica dengan pengasapan

Although being of less importance to the incidence of the vector-borne disease than mosquitoes, houseflies (Musca domestica) are mechanical transmitters of the disease. The chemical control carried out until now has brought about the emergence of resistance of houseflies against DDT and many other insecticides including organophosphates and carbamates. In order to look for an alternative insecticide which can control houseflies, a study was performed on the efficacy of insecticide belonging to the synthetic pyrethroid group containing 30 g/l of the active substance such as alphacypermethrin. Four dosages of insecticide with active ingredient of 30 g/l alphacypermethrin at dosages of 17.5 ml/ha, 35 ml/ha, 50 ml/ha and 70 ml/ha respectively wereused by fogging against houseflies kept in cages. The result showed that dosages of 35 ml/ha, 50 ml/ha and 70 ml/ha were all effective to kill M. domestica

ANALISIS KOMUNIKASI PEMASARAN DALAM MENARIK PENGUNJUNG (STUDI PADA KAMPOENG KOPI BANARAN, PT. PERKEBUNAN NUSANTARA IX KABUPATEN SEMARANG)

This research was conducted in Kampoeng Kopi Banaran (Kakoba), an agrotourism owned by PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IX (Persero) located in the area of coffee plantation Getas Afdeling Assinan, Jl. Raya Semarang – Solo KM 1,5. Thisresearch aims to: (1) knowing Kakoba’s marketing communication (2) knowing the changing and factors affecting Kakoba’s marketing communications(3) knowing the impact of Kakoba’s marketing communication changes in attracting visitors. This research was conducted on February – March 2018. The participants of this research were the management of Kakoba. Data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, and study documentation.This study used a qualitative approach with descriptive design.The research results explain Kakoba marketing communication strategies are: advertising, direct marketing, and sales promotion. There is one discovery about marketing communication strategy: private relation. There are other types of communication: physical environment and quality of services that support the delivery of messages to visitors. Factors affecting the changing of marketing communications in Kampoeng Kopi Banaran is technology and information, as well as the better assessment and consumer knowledge. The impact of agrotourism marketing communication changes in Kakoba is the increasing number of visitors from year to year