A abstenção tabágica: reflexões sobre a recaída

Nos últimos anos tem-se dado muita ênfase à dependência de drogas duras porque provocam uma diminuição da qualidade de vida dos seus utilizadores, interferem negativamente no funcionamento e ordem social e sobretudo devido à relação com a aquisição de doenças infecciosas como a SIDA e Hepatite C. Esta preocupação crescente, concentrou a maioria das investigações nos toxicodependentes que usam drogas ilícitas e nos fenómenos de segurança social a eles associados, deixando para um segundo plano outras dependências legalmente permissivas como o abuso de fármacos (tranquilizantes e antidepressivos), álcool e o tabaco. O uso de tabaco é no entanto reconhecido como um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública a nível mundial contribuindo segundo as estatísticas para mortes prematuras e deterioração da qualidade de vida dos fumadores, e que vem muitas vezes associado ao consumo de outras drogas. O estudo cuidadoso da influência da nicotina no ser humano a nível biológico, psicológico e social é de suma importância para a intervenção na cessação tabágica e ainda, porque a nicotina exerce a sua influência nomeadamente na absorção de outros produtos naturais ou tóxicos. O problema do tabagismo foi estudado até um passado bem recente, meramente como um hábito que era preciso “descondicionar” e que dependia quase inteiramente da vontade do próprio. Contudo as recentes descobertas da influência positiva da nicotina em determinadas doenças veio abrir caminho para outras investigações que reforçam o poder aditivo desta droga, sobretudo porque se constata, que a maioria dos ex-fumadores tem sucessivas recaídas, tornando a abstenção total a longo prazo muito difícil. Este artigo pretende assim esclarecer aspectos psicológicos, sociais e psicofisiológicos que estão na base do insucesso da manutenção da abstenção tabágica. Enfatizaremos assim os efeitos psicofarmacológicos que proporcionam uma explicação diferente para a futura intervenção no tabagismo e que fornece novas pistas de investigação.During the last years, a lot of attention has been given to hard drugs, as they diminish the quality of life of their users, interfere negatively in the everyday activities and social order, and mainly because of their direct relation with several infectious diseases, such as AIDS and Hepatitis C. This growing preoccupations, have concentrated the majority of research efforts in the drug users and in the associated phenomena of social insecurity, leaving to a secondary stage other legally authorized addictions, such as the use of tranquillizers and antidepressants, alcohol and tobacco. Nevertheless, tobacco use has been recognized as one of the leading worldwide public health problems and, based on the available statistics, causes deterioration of the quality of life and premature death of the smoking population, being often associated with the use of other drugs. The carefully undertaken studies of the nicotine influence in the human being at the biological, psychological and social levels are of paramount importance in the intervention for smoking cessation, reinforced by the influence of nicotine in the absorption of other products both natural and toxic. Until very recently, tobacco use was studied merely as a habit, which should be discontinued, simply dependent for that purpose almost entirely on one’s will. However recent discoveries of a positive influence of nicotine in certain diseases, has open the way for other researches, reinforcing the addictive power of this drug, mainly based on the perception that the majority of former smokers have had several relapses, making long-term smoking cessation extremely difficult. This article intends to clarify some of the psychological, social and psycho-physiological aspects related to the unsuccess of long-term smoking cessation. The psycho-pharmacological effects of smoking, leading to a different explanation for the future intervention in tobacco use, as well as to new research fields, will be also reinforced.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Tradition and modernity in the Portuguese Inner Colonisation: the laboratorial case of Pegões

The intertwining of tradition and modernity is a rooted discussion within the Portuguese history of architecture since the mid-twentieth century. From then on, the dichotomisation of erudite and vernacular architectures, urban and rural cultures and settings, nationalist and universalistic values, seems to have been debated and reviewed. This paper aims to contribute to such de-essentialisation processes by focusing on the Portuguese Estado Novo project of inner colonisation conducted by the Junta de Colonização Interna (1936-1974), and examining the dialogues and frictions between its traditional and modern ideals and accomplishments as spatialised in one very particular colony – Pegões. On the one hand, the paper ponders upon the Portuguese colonisation’s neo-physiocratic basis, locating the tradition-modernity binomial in the intent to modernise the agrarian world while perpetuating its traditional lifestyle, simultaneously fostering an economic development, social control and national identity. On the other hand, the paper draws upon the laboratorial colony of Pegões, which was the first, the biggest and the only one built in Southern Portugal, to more thickly analyse the colonisation’s politics and fulfilments, and its understanding and uses of traditional and modernist ideals, aesthetics and representations. Special attention is given to the dialectics between political and economic agencies, social negotiations, embodied experiences, and meanings and affections, by looking into the official-written history of the colony and emotional-sensory memory of its settlers. This approach results from the work carried out within the scope of MODSCAPES research project (funded by HERA Uses of the Past), notably in what concerns its research line on the memories and perceptions of European colonisation policies, schemes and resulting landscapes.This work was conducted under the project MODSCAPES - Modernist Reinventions of the Rural Landscape (HERA.15.097). This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 649307. The presentation of this paper received funding from the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia in the scope of CRIA’s Strategic Plan UID/ANT/04038/2013info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

THE INTERPRETATION OF “PRIA PUNYA SELERA†SLOGAN USED IN GUDANG GARAM CIGARETTE ADVERTISEMENT: CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

Keywords: Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), Consumers’ Interpretation, PriaPunya Selera Slogan.  This research tries to analyze Pria Punya Selera slogan used in Gudang Garam advertisement based on three dimensions of discourse in Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) framework. It is conducted to find out: (1) the meaning of Pria Punya Selera slogan based on three dimensions of discourse in Fairclough’s model of CDA, (2) the interpretations of Gudang Garam Cigarette male consumers in Study Program of English Universitas Brawijaya towards the Pria Punya Selera slogan used in Gudang Garam advertisement, and (3) the persuasive impact of Pria Punya Selera slogan used in Gudang Garam advertisement towards the Gudang Garam cigarette male consumers in Study Program of English Universitas Brawijaya.This research uses a qualitative approach by using content or document analysis to analyze the meaning of Pria Punya Selera slogan and the consumers’ interpretation. There are two steps in collecting the data, namely observation and interview. In addition, the researcher also uses instruments such as questionnaire and interview guide to conduct this research. In analyzing the data, the researcher uses two processes, firstly analyzing the sentence of the slogan text and then analyzing the result of interview.The findings reveal that the meaning of Pria Punya Selera slogan is composed of three words which is ideologically contested and some of linguistic features which are included in it. At the level of interpretation, the main goal of text production and text interpretation of Pria Punya Selera slogan are fulfilled well, proven by the consumers’ interpretation. However, this slogan does not significantly influence the consumers since the flavor and price are the main factors influencing them in choosing their cigarette.In conclusion, this slogan does not give persuasive impact to consumers in choosing Gudang Garam cigarette, instead the consumers prefer to choose Gudang Garam cigarette based on flavor and affordable price. This slogan only gives a good and interesting impression for consumers. Finally, the researcher suggests for the next researcher enrich the field of this research and possibly explore other numerous objects with different theories of CDA. It will be very useful for the knowledge development especially in critical discourse analysis

the case of the Survey on 20th Century Architecture in Portugal

SFRH/BPD/75978/2011 UID/ANT/04038/2013The nexus between tradition and modernity is long-rooted in the intellectual and political discourses about a Portuguese architecture identity, either as a dialogue construed as a national specificity, or as a dichotomy that stresses different actors' distinct and even opposing cultural understandings and political uses of categories of culture and time. Recently, however, the history and critique of modernism in architecture has overcome the mainstream readings of its corpus, mitigating its orthodoxy, and disclosing long-standing relationships between modern architecture proposals and vernacular settlings. Such rereading has triggered a revision of Portuguese history of architecture, in particular regarding the gate-keeping conceptions of Portugal as an isolated and peripheral country, and the political stances of particular architectural productions. This paper aims to discuss the extent of the tradition-modernity bindings in the spacialisation of a Portuguese identity in architectural discourses. In this scope, it will look into the survey on the 20th century Portuguese architecture conducted by the Portuguese architects between 2003 and 2006, as an expression of how Portuguese modern architecture is being emically construed. Taking into account its process and outcomes, and its authors' purposes and reasoning, the paper will examine its modes and hues, evaluating the dynamics beyond the production of a history of architecture and its relating to broader processes of imagining the past and culture in Portugal.publishersversionpublishe

LEXICAL DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN MALANG AND MADIUN DIALECTS SPOKEN BY STUDENTS OF FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES OF UNIVERSITAS BRAWIJAYA

Keywords: Javanese Language, Javanese Dialect, Dialect Distinctions, Lexical Distinctions, Malang and Madiun Dialects, Non-linguistic and Linguistic Factors. Javanese is the language of Javanese people from the central and eastern parts of the island of Java in Indonesia. Javanese language belongs to a large number of speakers spreading widely. Therefore, it shows the variation of the Javanese language usage, which is commonly called dialects. The writer focuses on Malang and Madiun dialects. There are two problems to be solved in the study, namely: (1) what are lexical distinctions of Javanese dialects in Malang and Madiun spoken by students (2010) of Faculty of Cultural Studies of Universitas Brawijaya and (2) what are factors facilitating the lexical distinctions between Malang and Madiun dialects.This study uses descriptive qualitative approach because the aim of this study is to describe the lexical distinctions of Javanese dialect spoken by Malang and Madiun in students’ school year 2010 of Faculty of Cultural Studies in Universitas Brawijaya.The study reveals that forty one lexicons are included to onomasiology distinction, three lexicons found which are included to semasiology distinction and forty one lexicons which are included to the semantic distinction. After differentiating lexicons through three analyses, the writer obtained the factors that influence the using of lexicons of Malang and Madiun dialects. Those distinctions are facilitated by linguistic factor which are influenced by the use of vocabulary also intonation; and non-linguistic factors which are influenced by the use of behaviour and geographical area.The writer hopes that this research can contribute a better and deeper understanding especially the dialects in Javanese society. She suggests further researchers conduct a similar research in sociolinguistics, especially dialects in different distinction, such as in the terms of phonological and morphological distinction. Further researchers should use another theory to make their research more interesting and find the unique of dialects differences in different object and areas or cases

ANALISIS KOMPARATIF TENTANG KOMITMEN WAJIB PAJAK DALAM MELAPORKAN SURAT PEMBERITAHUAN (SPT) PAJAK PADA PERHOTELAN DAN RESTORAN DI SEMARANG

The problem raised in this study is the commitment of the Tax Return Annual Report (SPT) based on the RI Taxation Law No. 36 of 2008 Article 17 of hotels and restaurants. This study uses a combined approach, which is operationally trying to qualify quantitative results and quantify qualitative results, where the results will be measured based on research indicators for each data group. Furthermore, it was measured using an analysis of the t test (independent sample test) separated variance to get the results of the comparison between the tax return reporting commitment from hospitality with restaurants. The results showed that most of the hotels had high commitments, but there were still 18 companies that were in the Low and Very Low categories. Whereas in most restaurants the number of companies has a high commitment, but there are still 5 companies that have the category of Low and Very Low. The tax return reporting commitment between hospitality and restaurants has a significant difference