Task Force on Funding System Priorities Coordinated Action by CGIAR Members : Final Report for the Annual General Meeting 2005

At AGM2004, Denmark initiated a discussion on the topic of funding CGIAR priorities and proposed that a task force be commissioned to examine the possibility of developing a mechanism to allocate unrestricted funds in the context of the priorities recommended by the Science Council (SC). The Terms of reference for the task force were approved in March 2005 with objectives: 1) To assess and evaluate opportunities for financing System Priorities and, separately, for financing the SC and its Secretariat; and 2) To propose one or more new financing mechanisms in support of CGIAR priorities recommended by the SC. This report looks at funding trends, funding system priorities, a proposed "way forward", several funding mechanism options, and recommendations. It contains the following annexes: the task force terms of reference, the trends in financing the CGIAR, and the summary of donor survey to explore changing restricted funding to unrestricted. The task force was led by Finn Norman Christensen from Denmark. This document was discussed at the Business Meeting at AGM2005

Estimation of the worldwide seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus : a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection does not usually produce symptoms when it causes primary infection, reinfection, or reactivation because these three types of infection are all controlled by the normal immune system. However, CMV becomes an important pathogen in individuals whose immune system is immature or compromised, such as the unborn child. Several vaccines against CMV are currently in clinical trials that aim to induce immunity in seronegative individuals and/or to boost the immunity of those with prior natural infection (seropositives). To facilitate estimation of the burden of disease and the need for vaccines that induce de novo immune responses or that boost pre-existing immunity to CMV, we conducted a systematic survey of the published literature to describe the global seroprevalence of CMV IgG antibodies. We estimated a global CMV seroprevalence of 83% (95%UI: 78-88) in the general population, 86% (95%UI: 83-89) in women of childbearing age, and 86% (95%UI: 82-89) in donors of blood or organs. For each of these three groups, the highest seroprevalence was seen in the World Health Organisation (WHO) Eastern Mediterranean region 90% (95%UI: 85-94) and the lowest in WHO European region 66% (95%UI: 56-74). These estimates of the worldwide CMV distribution will help develop national and regional burden of disease models and inform future vaccine development efforts

Responsible chain management: a capability assessment framework

In recent years, increased attention has been paid to issues of responsibility across the entire product lifecycle. Responsible behaviour of organizations in the product chain is dependent on the actions of other parties such as suppliers and customers. Only through co-operation and close interaction between the different parties involved is it possible to come to a specified form of responsible chain management. Drawing on stakeholder theory and literature on the resource-based view of the firm, this article presents a framework for assessing the organizational capabilities of responding to claims from internal and external parties. Interpretations of stakeholder interests, integration into business processes, monitoring these processes, and communication with stakeholders are the central processes in this framework. The application of this framework to three cases of responsible chain management illustrates the functioning of the framework as a tool for assessing organizational capabilities

Pamphlet: Rebuild America: New Priorities in \u2792 Packet

A booklet to provide an overview of the challenges and opportunities faced to put the nation’s house in order. Box 23 folder 10 A booklet to provide an overview of the challenges and opportunities faced to put the nation’s house in order. Date: 1992 Box 23 folder 1

Invitation to Raymond Dress Dinner

https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/raymond-college/1062/thumbnail.jp

Center on Budget and Policy Priorities report Correction of flaw in taxpayer group vote tally shows all members of congress voted to cut spending ,6 September 1996

https://dc.suffolk.edu/moakley-docs/1594/thumbnail.jp

Variation in the use of observation status evaluation in Massachusetts acute care hospitals, 2003–2006

Background Observation evaluation is an alternate pathway to inpatient admission following Emergency Department (ED) assessment. Aims We aimed to describe the variation in observation use and charges between acute care hospitals in Massachusetts from 2003 to 2006. Methods Retrospective pilot analysis of hospital administrative data. Patients discharged from a Massachusetts hospital between 2003 and 2006 after an observation visit or inpatient hospitalization for six emergency medical conditions, grouped by the Clinical Classification System (CCS), were included. Patients discharged with a primary obstetric condition were excluded. The primary outcome measure, “Observation Proportion ” (pOBS), was the use of observation evaluation relative to inpatient evaluation (pOBS = n Observation/(n Observation + n Inpatient). We calculated pOBS, descriptive statistics of use and charges by the hospital for each condition. Results From 2003 to 2006 the number of observation visits in Massachusetts increased 3.9 % [95 % confidence interval (CI) 3.8 % to 4.0%] from 128,825 to 133,859, while inpatient hospitalization increased 1.29 % (95 % CI 1.26 % to 1.31%) from 832,415 to 843,617. Nonspecific chest pain (CCS 102) was the most frequently observed condition with 85,843 (16.3 % of total) observation evaluations. Observation visits for nonspecific chest pain increased 43.5 % from 2003 to 2006. Relative observation utilization (pOBS) for nonspecific chest pain ranged from 25 % to 95% across hospitals. Wide variation in hospital use of observation and charges was seen for all six emergency medical conditions. Conclusions There was wide variation in use of observation across six common emergency conditions in Massachusetts in this pilot analysis. This variation may have a substantial impact on hospital resource utilization. Further investigation into the patient, provider and hospital-level characteristics that explain the variation in observation use could help improve hospital efficiency

A Population-based policy and systems change approach to prevent and control hypertension

"Hypertension is one of the leading causes of death in the United States, affecting nearly one in three Americans. It is prevalent in adults and endemic in the older adult population. Hypertension is a major contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and disability. Although there is a simple test to diagnose hypertension and relatively inexpensive drugs to treat it, the disease is often undiagnosed and uncontrolled. A Population-Based Policy and Systems Change Approach to the Prevention and Control Hypertension identifies a small set of high-priority areas in which public health officials can focus their efforts to accelerate progress in hypertension reduction and control. It offers several recommendations that embody a population-based approach grounded in the principles of measurement, system change, and accountability. The recommendations are designed to shift current hypertension reduction strategies from an individual-based approach to a population-based approach. They are also designed to improve the quality of care provided to individuals with hypertension and to strengthen the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's leadership in seeking a reduction in the sodium intake in the American diet to meet dietary guidelines. The book is an important resource for federal public health officials and organizations, especially the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, as well as medical professionals and community health workers."--resource home page.Hypertension is one of the leading causes of death in the United States, affecting nearly one in three Americans. It is prevalent in adults and endemic in the older adult population. Hypertension is a major contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and disability. Although there is a simple test to diagnose hypertension and relatively inexpensive drugs to treat it, the disease is often undiagnosed and uncontrolled. A Population-Based Policy and Systems Change Approach to the Prevention and Control Hypertension identifies a small set of high-priority areas in which public health officials can focus their efforts to accelerate progress in hypertension reduction and control. It offers several recommendations that embody a population-based approach grounded in the principles of measurement, system change, and accountability. The recommendations are designed to shift current hypertension reduction strategies from an individual-based approach to a population-based approach. They are also designed to improve the quality of care provided to individuals with hypertension and to strengthen the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's leadership in seeking a reduction in the sodium intake in the American diet to meet dietary guidelines.Public health importance of hypertension -- The role of the Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention in the prevention and control of hypertension -- Interventions directed at the general population -- Interventions directed at individuals with hypertension -- Implementing a population-based policy and systems approach to the prevention and control of hypertension.Committee on Public Health Priorities to Reduce and Control Hypertension in the U.S. Population, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, Institute of Medicine of the National Academies.Title from resource title page (National Academies Press, viewed July 15, 2010)"This report was made possible by the support of the Division of Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention." - p. xIncludes bibliographical references

Does inconvenience explain low take-up? Evidence from unemployment insurance

Application inconvenience is one popular explanation for why many individuals do not receive the social benefits for which they are eligible. Applications take time and some individuals may decide that the financial benefits do not outweigh these time costs. This paper investigates this explanation using cross-state variation in administrative changes that made applying for unemployment insurance (UI) benefits substantially more convenient over the past decade. We find that the introduction of phone- and Internet-based claiming did not have an appreciable impact on overall UI take-up, nor did it lead to a shift toward recipients that are higher income or likely to be receiving the maximum benefit amount. These findings are inconsistent with a time- and transaction-cost explanation for low take-up, since remote UI claiming is less time intensive. This suggests that reducing application barriers alone may not be an effective tool for increasing program participation. © 2010 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/64570/1/20481_ftp.pd

McKinleyville Transit Study

69A3551747122The purpose of this project was to provide the Humboldt County Association of Governments (\u201cHCAOG\u201d) and Humboldt Transit Authority (\u201cHTA\u201d) with guidance to inform future investments in public transportation in and around McKinleyville. This project is also an opportunity to assess aspects of the regional public transportation system and explore affordable and innovative investments to improve public transportation offerings. The primary motivation for this project was an interest in assessing an investment in fixed route transit service within McKinleyville, similar to what is available in the City of Eureka via the Eureka Transit Service and the City of Arcata via the Arcata & Mad River Transit System