Quantized spin excitations in a ferromagnetic microstrip from microwave photovoltage measurements

Quantized spin excitations in a single ferromagnetic microstrip have been measured using the microwave photovoltage technique. Several kinds of spin wave modes due to different contributions of the dipole-dipole and the exchange interactions are observed. Among them are a series of distinct dipole-exchange spin wave modes, which allow us to determine precisely the subtle spin boundary condition. A comprehensive picture for quantized spin excitations in a ferromagnet with finite size is thereby established. The dispersions of the quantized spin wave modes have two different branches separated by the saturation magnetization.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Digital Map Complexity and Behavioral Consistency in Mobility Information Systems

Digitally enabled mobility services and their associated information systems (IS) have spread rapidly in recent times, for example in the form of smartphone and in-vehicle applications. Such services often enable users to achieve more environmentally friendly, equitable, and safe individual mobility. User interfaces typically feature digital maps to facilitate spatial orientation and choice. This study pioneers an investigation of digital maps for low-stake decision making as prevalent in mobility IS. To this end, we blend previous theoretical research on task and map complexity from other disciplines. By analyzing data from a discrete choice experiment, we confirm the hypothesized relationship between visual map intricacy, choice complexity, and informational performance, measured as behavioral consistency. We propose an IS research agenda to initiate a discussion about design of and human interaction with digital maps, their role for mobility IS, and for our field beyond

Effective Biofilm Eradication on Orthopedic Implants with Methylene Blue Based Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy In Vitro

Periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) are difficult to treat due to biofilm formation on implant surfaces, often requiring removal or exchange of prostheses along with long-lasting antibiotic treatment. This in vitro study investigated the effect of methylene blue photodynamic therapy (MB-PDT) on PJI-causing biofilms on different implant materials. MB-PDT (664 nm LED, 15 J/cm2) was tested on different Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli and Cutibacterium acnes strains in both planktonic form and grown in early and mature biofilms on prosthetic materials (polyethylene, titanium alloys, cobalt–chrome-based alloys, and bone cement). The minimum bactericidal concentration with 100% killing (MBC100%) was determined. Chemical and topographical alterations were investigated on the prosthesis surfaces after MB-PDT. Results showed a MBC100% of 0.5–5 μg/mL for planktonic bacteria and 50–100 μg/mL for bacteria in biofilms—independent of the tested strain, the orthopedic material, or the maturity of the biofilm. Material testing showed no relevant surface modification. MB-PDT effectively eradicated common PJI pathogens on arthroplasty materials without damage to the materials, suggesting that MB-PDT could be used as a novel treatment method, replacing current, more invasive approaches and potentially shortening the antibiotic treatment in PJI. This would improve quality of life and reduce morbidity, mortality, and high health-care costs

Oscillating magnetoresistance in diluted magnetic semiconductor barrier structures

Ballistic spin polarized transport through diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) single and double barrier structures is investigated theoretically using a two-component model. The tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) of the system exhibits oscillating behavior when the magnetic field are varied. An interesting beat pattern in the TMR and spin polarization is found for different NMS/DMS double barrier structures which arises from an interplay between the spin-up and spin-down electron channels which are splitted by the s-d exchange interaction.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Grafting from a hybrid DNA-covalent polymer by hybridization chain reaction

Biological and Soft Matter Physic

Observation of thickness dependence of magnetic surface anisotropy in ultrathin amorphous films.

Copyright © 1990 The American Physical SocietyFerromagnetic resonance (FMR) and SQUID magnetometry measurements have been made on multilayers of amorphous Fe70B30/Ag. The dependence of the magnetic surface anisotropy constant Ks on the magnetic layer thickness 2L has been determined in the range 1.6 Å16.5 Å, but decreases monotonically towards zero as 2L decreases from 16.5 Å towards zero. The FMR results can be well described by a theory developed for ultrathin amorphous ferromagnetic layers

SecA-Mediated Protein Translocation through the SecYEG Channel

In bacteria, the Sec translocase mediates the translocation of proteins into and across the cytoplasmic membrane. It consists of a protein conducting channel SecYEG, the ATP-dependent motor SecA, and the accessory SecDF complex. Here we discuss the function and structure of the Sec translocase

Iron Behaving Badly: Inappropriate Iron Chelation as a Major Contributor to the Aetiology of Vascular and Other Progressive Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases

The production of peroxide and superoxide is an inevitable consequence of aerobic metabolism, and while these particular "reactive oxygen species" (ROSs) can exhibit a number of biological effects, they are not of themselves excessively reactive and thus they are not especially damaging at physiological concentrations. However, their reactions with poorly liganded iron species can lead to the catalytic production of the very reactive and dangerous hydroxyl radical, which is exceptionally damaging, and a major cause of chronic inflammation. We review the considerable and wide-ranging evidence for the involvement of this combination of (su)peroxide and poorly liganded iron in a large number of physiological and indeed pathological processes and inflammatory disorders, especially those involving the progressive degradation of cellular and organismal performance. These diseases share a great many similarities and thus might be considered to have a common cause (i.e. iron-catalysed free radical and especially hydroxyl radical generation). The studies reviewed include those focused on a series of cardiovascular, metabolic and neurological diseases, where iron can be found at the sites of plaques and lesions, as well as studies showing the significance of iron to aging and longevity. The effective chelation of iron by natural or synthetic ligands is thus of major physiological (and potentially therapeutic) importance. As systems properties, we need to recognise that physiological observables have multiple molecular causes, and studying them in isolation leads to inconsistent patterns of apparent causality when it is the simultaneous combination of multiple factors that is responsible. This explains, for instance, the decidedly mixed effects of antioxidants that have been observed, etc...Comment: 159 pages, including 9 Figs and 2184 reference

Genetic association study of childhood aggression across raters, instruments, and age

Childhood aggressive behavior (AGG) has a substantial heritability of around 50%. Here we present a genome-wide association metaanalysis (GWAMA) of childhood AGG, in which all phenotype measures across childhood ages from multiple assessors were included. We analyzed phenotype assessments for a total of 328 935 observations from 87 485 children aged between 1.5 and 18 years, while accounting for sample overlap. We also meta-analyzed within subsets of the data, i.e., within rater, instrument and age. SNP-heritability for the overall meta-analysis AGGoverall was 3.31% (SE= 0.0038). We found no genome-wide significant SNPs for AGGoverall. The gene-based analysis returned three significant genes: ST3GAL3 (P= 1.6E-06), PCDH7 (P= 2.0E-06), and IPO13 (P= 2.5E-06). All three genes have previously been associated with educational traits. Polygenic scores based on our GWAMA significantly predicted aggression in a holdout sample of children (variance explained = 0.44%) and in retrospectively assessed childhood aggression (variance explained = 0.20%). Genetic correlations rg among rater-specific assessment of AGG ranged from rg= 0.46 between self- and teacher-assessment to rg= 0.81 between mother- and teacher-assessment. We obtained moderate-to-strong rgs with selected phenotypes from multiple domains, but hardly with any of the classical biomarkers thought to be associated with AGG. Significant genetic correlations were observed with most psychiatric and psychological traits (range |rg|: 0.19-1.00), except for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Aggression had a negative genetic correlation (rg=∼-0.5) with cognitive traits and age at first birth. Aggression was strongly genetically correlated with smoking phenotypes (range |rg| : 0.46-0.60). The genetic correlations between aggression and psychiatric disorders were weaker for teacher-reported AGG than for mother- and self-reported AGG. The current GWAMA of childhood aggression provides a powerful tool to interrogate the rater-specific genetic etiology of AGG.</p

Zuverläßige Nachricht von den wichtigen Unternehmungen, Des Prinzen Heinrichs, Königl. Hoheit in Böhmen, Nebst einem besonderen Bericht Von der blutigen Action, So bey Frankfurt am Mayn zwischen einem Corps Alliirten und Franzosen vorgefallen. Ingleichen zwey schöne Krieges-Arien

ZUVERLÄSSIGE NACHRICHT VON DEN WICHTIGEN UNTERNEHMUNGEN, DES PRINZEN HEINRICHS, KÖNIGL. HOHEIT IN BÖHMEN, NEBST EINEM BESONDEREN BERICHT VON DER BLUTIGEN ACTION, SO BEY FRANKFURT AM MAYN ZWISCHEN EINEM CORPS ALLIIRTEN UND FRANZOSEN VORGEFALLEN. INGLEICHEN ZWEY SCHÖNE KRIEGES-ARIEN Zuverläßige Nachricht von den wichtigen Unternehmungen, Des Prinzen Heinrichs, Königl. Hoheit in Böhmen, Nebst einem besonderen Bericht Von der blutigen Action, So bey Frankfurt am Mayn zwischen einem Corps Alliirten und Franzosen vorgefallen. Ingleichen zwey schöne Krieges-Arien ([1]) Titelseite ([1]) Text ([2]