Goal conflict, goal facilitation, and health professionals' provision of physical activity advice in primary care : An exploratory prospective study

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Multiple goals and time constraints : perceived impact on physicians' performance of evidence-based behaviours

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Analyse exploratoire du discours sur la pratique chez des enseignants d’un CFER

Cet article présente les résultats d’une recherche qui porte sur le discours que des enseignants d’un Centre de formation en entreprise et récupération (CFER) tiennent sur leur pratique professionnelle. Au Québec, les CFER dispensent une formation professionnelle à une population étudiante adolescente qui, autrement, aurait décroché du système scolaire. Les résultats de cette recherche montrent que les enseignants tiennent un discours fondamentalement convergent. Celui-ci prend sa source dans l’adhésion à une philosophie commune et à un réseau commun. Il est alimenté par une situation de travail caractérisée par l’engagement à intervenir auprès d’une population particulière ayant des besoins spécifiques. Il s’appuie sur un cadre d’action dont l’organisation pédagogique privilégie le travail en équipe et promeut divers types d’interaction verbale.This article presents the results of a research within a Training Centre for business and remediation (CFER) on teachers’ discourse regarding their professional practice. In Quebec, these centres offer professional training to an adolescent student population who would otherwise dropout of the school system. The results of this study show that teachers’ discourse is fundamentally convergent. This stems from a common philosophy and a common network to which they belong. It develops in a context that is characterized by a commitment to intervene with a particular population of students having specific needs. A framework whose pedagogical organization promotes teamwork and various forms of verbal interaction supports it.Este artículo presenta los resultados de un trabajo de investigación que trata del discurso de los docentes de un Centro de formación en empresa y recuperación (Centre de formation en entreprise et récupération, CFER) sobre su práctica profesional. En Quebec, estos centros dispensan una formación profesional a una población estudiantil adolescente que, de otras formas, se hubiera salido del sistema escolar. Los resultados de esta investigación demuestran que los docentes sostienen un discurso fundamentalmente convergente. Éste se origina en la adhesión a una filosofía común y en una red común. Se alimenta por una situación de trabajo caracterizada por el compromiso de intervenir con una población particular, con necesidades específicas. Se apoya en un marco de acción cuya organización pedagógica privilegia el trabajo en equipo y promueve diversos tipos de interacción verbal.In diesem Beitrag werden Ergebnise einer Untersuchung vorgelegt, die sich mit dem Diskurs über die Unterrichtspraxis beschäftigt, wie er von den Lehrern eines CFER (Centre de formation en entreprise et récupération=Betriebliches Ausbildungs- und Nachholzentrum) geführt wird. Diese Zentren bieten in Québec eine Berufsausbildung an, die sich an Jugendliche wendet, die sonst aus dem Schulsystem ausgeschieden wären. Die Ergebnisse machen deutlich, dass die Lehrer einen Diskurs führen, der grundsätzlich konvergent ist. Er gewinnt seine Überzeugungen aus einer gemeinsamen Quelle und wird durch ein gemeinsames Netzwerk vermittelt. Er speist sich darüber hinaus aus einer Arbeitssituation, die sich charakterisieren lässt als Intervention bei einer speziellen Klientel mit spezifischen Bedürfnissen. Dieser Diskurs stützt sich außerdem auf einen Aktionsrahmen, dessen Pädagogik die Gruppenarbeit begünstigt und verschiedene Arten verbaler Intervention einsetzt

Motivational, volitional and multiple goal predictors of walking in people with type 2 diabetes

Acknowledgment MN’s PhD scholarship was provided by Ministry of Health and Medical Education (Islamic Republic of Iran). This study was funded by the University of Aberdeen reference number: GP007RGC1618. FFS is funded by Fuse, the UK Clinical Research Collaboration Centre of Excellence for Translational Research in Public Health (grant number: MR/K02325X/1). The researchers gratefully acknowledge all the Type 2 diabetic patients and their household members who participated in the study for their contribution to this study; without them there would be no data. The researchers gratefully acknowledge the SDRN for providing the list of Type 2 diabetes and helping for sampling.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Action, actor, context, target, time (AACTT): a framework for specifying behaviour

BACKGROUND: Designing implementation interventions to change the behaviour of healthcare providers and other professionals in the health system requires detailed specification of the behaviour(s) targeted for change to ensure alignment between intervention components and measured outcomes. Detailed behaviour specification can help to clarify evidence-practice gaps, clarify who needs to do what differently, identify modifiable barriers and enablers, design interventions to address these and ultimately provides an indicator of what to measure to evaluate an intervention's effect on behaviour change. An existing behaviour specification framework proposes four domains (Target, Action, Context, Time; TACT), but insufficiently clarifies who is performing the behaviour (i.e. the Actor). Specifying the Actor is especially important in healthcare settings characterised by multiple behaviours performed by multiple different people. We propose and describe an extension and re-ordering of TACT to enhance its utility to implementation intervention designers, practitioners and trialists: the Action, Actor, Context, Target, Time (AACTT) framework. We aim to demonstrate its application across key steps of implementation research and to provide tools for its use in practice to clarify the behaviours of stakeholders across multiple levels of the healthcare system. METHODS AND RESULTS: We used French et al.'s four-step implementation process model to describe the potential applications of the AACTT framework for (a) clarifying who needs to do what differently, (b) identifying barriers and enablers, (c) selecting fit-for-purpose intervention strategies and components and (d) evaluating implementation interventions. CONCLUSIONS: Describing and detailing behaviour using the AACTT framework may help to enhance measurement of theoretical constructs, inform development of topic guides and questionnaires, enhance the design of implementation interventions and clarify outcome measurement for evaluating implementation interventions

With a little help from my goals : integrating intergoal facilitation with the theory of planned behaviour to predict physical activity

Reproduced with permission from British Journal of Health Psychology © The British Psychological Society 2010.Peer reviewedPostprin

Application de la compression à la tractographie en imagerie par résonance magnétique de diffusion

Ce mémoire présente un nouvel algorithme de compression de fibres développé spécifiquement pour la tractographie. Validé et testé sur un large éventail d’algorithmes et de paramètres de tractographie, celui-ci présente trois grandes étapes : la linéarisation, la quantization ainsi que l’encodage. Les concepts clés de l’imagerie par résonance magnétique de diffusion (IRMd) et de la compression sont également introduits afin de faciliter la compréhension du lecteur

The Economics of Health Foods and Policy Issues: Impact of Health Claims on the Demand for Foods and Population Health

Chronic disease accounts for 70% of deaths globally and causes substantial economic burdens. The largest direct healthcare costs associated with illness in Canada is due to cardiovascular disease (6.8% of total costs) followed by cancer (2.2%) and diabetes (1.3%). Research has indicated diet can significantly reduce the risk of many chronic diseases. Governments use health claims to inform consumers about foods’ health attributes and encourage healthy diets. This thesis examines the impacts of health claim policy on food demand and population health in North America. The demand for food is estimated using a linear-approximate almost ideal demand system. Population health is evaluated using a health production function. The results indicate health claims decreased unhealthy food demand between 1.4% and 6.26% and increased healthy food demand between 1.95% and 8.47%. Diet and health claim policy also positively impact population health. Policy recommendations to improve current health claim policy are provided

“You Can't Always Get What You Want” : A Novel Research Paradigm to Explore the Relationship between Multiple Intentions and Behaviours

Acknowledgements Falko F. Sniehotta is funded by Fuse, the Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, a United Kingdom Clinical Research Collaboration Public Health Research Centre of Excellence based on funding from the British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research United Kingdom, Economic and Social Research Council, Medical Research Council, and the National Institute for Health.Peer reviewedPublisher PD