Understanding the relationships between tourists\u27 emotional experiences, perceived overall image, satisfaction, and intention to recommend

The purpose of this study is to empirically test an integrative model linking tourists’ emotional experiences, perceived overall image, satisfaction, and intention to recommend. The model was tested using data collected from domestic tourists visiting Sardinia, Italy. Results show that tourists’ emotional experiences act as antecedents of perceived overall image and satisfaction evaluations. In addition, overall image has a positive influence on tourist satisfaction and intention to recommend. The study expands current theorizations by examining the merits of emotions in tourist behavior models. From a practical perspective, the study offers important implications for destination marketers

Emotions, Satisfaction, and Place Attachment: A Structural Model

The study evaluates a theoretical model based on the developmental theory of place attachment. The model suggests that positive and negative emotions impact both place satisfaction and place attachment. In turn, place satisfaction and place attachment determine behavioural intentions. This theoretical model was tested on a sample of 517 international visitors to Thailand. The results generally support the proposed relationships but surprisingly negative emotions had a positive relationship with place attachment. Implications for destination marketing are suggested

Research Methodologies for Participants Experiencing Vulnerability: A Transformative Service Research Perspective

Understanding vulnerable consumers when conducting Transformative Service Research (TSR) is essential but these consumers and their contexts are often complex and difficult to research. Despite a movement towards TSR research methodologies suitable for studying vulnerable participants and their contexts, a comprehensive framework that can guide service researchers is lacking. The purpose of this paper is to investigate appropriate methods, procedures, and protocols that permit researching a wide range of vulnerable groups and exposures to vulnerable situations in TSR. This is undertaken via a review of the literature and the authors’ reflections of their experience researching vulnerability in various configurations (e.g., disasters, refugees, healthcare, disability, and older people). Through an iterative process of personal case reflections and group discussions blended with extant literature, patterns and insights regarding appropriate research protocols, techniques, processes, and sampling are identified. These insights contribute to the development of a comprehensive TSR framework in five research method areas including 1) consideration of the context, researcher, support persons and participants, 2) recruitment considerations relating to sampling, 3) recruitment considerations in terms of ethics and set-up, 4) data collection considerations relating to research protocol and set-up, and 5) data collection considerations. The framework can guide both academics and practitioners to enhance research outcomes for both participants and researchers

Mediating Effects of Place Attachment and Satisfaction on the Relationship between Tourists’ Emotions and Intention to Recommend

This study develops a model based on the developmental theory of place attachment. The model considers the influence of tourists’ emotions on place attachment and the mediating effects of satisfaction and place attachment on the relationship between tourists’ emotions and intention to recommend. The model was tested using data collected from 464 international tourists at the end of their trip to Thailand. Results show that positive emotions, negative emotions and satisfaction are significant determinants of place attachment. In particular, negative emotions display a positive relationship with place attachment. In addition, only satisfaction mediates the relationship between tourists’ emotions and intention to recommend. Findings highlight the need for researchers to incorporate emotions in modeling place attachment and offer implications for marketers promoting Thailand as a tourist destination

Towards co-created food wellbeing: Culinary consumption, braggart word-of-mouth, and the role of participative co-design, service provider support, and C2C interactions

Purpose: This study aims to investigate whether the antecedents of co-creation influence braggart word-of-mouth (WoM) in a participative leisure context, theorising the concept of co-created food well-being and highlighting implications for interactive experience co-design. Design/methodology/approach: A sequential mixed-method approach was used to test a theoretical model; 25 in-depth interviews with cooking class participants were conducted, followed by a post-experience survey (n = 575). Findings: Qualitative results suggest braggart WoM is rooted in active consumer participation in co-designing leisure experiences. The structural model confirms that participation in value co-creating activities (i.e. co-design, customer-to-customer (C2C) interaction), alongside perceived support from service providers, increases consumer perceptions of co-creation and stimulates braggart WoM. Degree of co-creation and support from peers mediate some relationships. Research limitations/implications: Limited by cross-sectional data from one experiential consumption format, the results nevertheless demonstrate the role of active participation in co-design and C2C interactions during value co-creation. This implies that co-created and co-designed leisure experiences can intensify post-consumption behaviours and potentially enhance food well-being. Practical implications: The results highlight that integrating customer participation into service design, while also developing opportunities for peer support on-site, can stimulate braggart WoM. Originality/value: Extends burgeoning literature on co-creation and co-design in leisure services. By encouraging active customer participation while providing support and facilitating C2C interactions, service providers can enhance value co-creation, influencing customer experiences and food well-being. Accordingly, the concept of co-created food well-being is introduced

Value co-destruction in Airbnb: antecedents and outcomes

Using cognitive appraisal theory, service-dominant logic, and conservation of resources theory, this study tests a proposed model of the antecedents and outcomes of value co-destruction in Airbnb. First, the effects of host's bad behaviour and poor customer service are evaluated as antecedents of distrust in host. Second, the effects of both cognitive (distrust in the host) and affective (negative emotions) factors as determinants of value co-destruction and the subsequent consequences on guests’ hedonic wellbeing, dissatisfaction and negative electronic word-of-mouth were evaluated. A web-based survey was conducted through Amazon Mechanical Turk, and data were gathered from 427 tourists who had negative experiences with Airbnb hosts and platform customer service agents. Both host's bad behaviour and poor customer service contributed to distrust in host. Results showed that both cognitive and affective factors contributed to value co-destruction. Results have both theoretical and managerial implications

Observer–Based Control for a New Stochastic Maximum Power Point tracking for Photovoltaic Systems With Networked Control System

This study discusses the new stochastic maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control approach towards the photovoltaic cells (PCs). PC generator is isolated from the grid, resulting in a direct current (DC) microgrid that can provide changing loads. In the course of the nonlinear systems through the time-varying delays, we proposed a Networked Control Systems (NCSs) beneath an event-triggered approach basically in the fuzzy system. In this scenario, we look at how random, variable loads impact the PC generator’s stability and efficiency. The basic premise of this article is to load changes and the value matching to a Markov chain. PC generators are complicated nonlinear systems that pose a modeling problem. Transforming this nonlinear PC generator model into the Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy model is another option. Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy model is presented in a unified framework, for which 1) the fuzzy observer–based on this premise variables can be used for approximately in the infinite states to the present system, 2) the fuzzy observer–based controller can be created using this same premises be the observer, and 3) to reduce the impact of transmission burden, an event-triggered method can be investigated. Simulating in the PC generator model for the realtime climate data obtained in China demonstrates the importance of our method. In addition, by using a new Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF) for combining to the allowed weighting matrices incorporating mode-dependent integral terms, the developed model can be stochastically stable and achieves the required performances. Based on the T-P transformation, a new depiction of the nonlinear system is derived in two separate steps in which an adequate controller input is guaranteed in the first step and an adequate vertex polytope is ensured in the second step. To present the potential of our proposed method, we simulate it for PC generators

Dynamics of Non-visual Responses in Humans: As Fast as Lightning?

The eye drives non-visual (NV) responses to light, including circadian resetting, pupillary reflex and alerting effects. Initially thought to depend on melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), classical photopigments play a modulatory role in some of these responses. As most studies have investigated only a limited number of NV functions, generally under conditions of relatively high light levels and long duration of exposure, whether NV functions share similar irradiance sensitivities and response dynamics during light exposure is unknown. We addressed this issue using light exposure paradigms spectrally and spatially tuned to target mainly cones or ipRGCs, and by measuring longitudinally (50 min) several NV responses in 28 men. We demonstrate that the response dynamics of NV functions are faster than previously thought. We find that the brain, the heart, and thermoregulation are activated within 1 to 5 min of light exposure. Further, we show that NV functions do not share the same response sensitivities. While the half-maximum response is only ∼48 s for the tonic pupil diameter, it is ∼12 min for EEG gamma activity. Most NV responses seem to be saturated by low light levels, as low as 90 melanopic lux. Our results also reveal that it is possible to maintain optimal visual performance while modulating NV responses. Our findings have real-life implications. On one hand, light therapy paradigms should be re-evaluated with lower intensities and shorter durations, with the potential of improving patients’ compliance. On the other hand, the significant impact of low intensity and short duration light exposures on NV physiology should make us reconsider the potential health consequences of light exposure before bedtime, in particular on sleep and circadian physiology

The use of optically active O-alkyl ester hydrochlorides of L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine as chiral micellar media for the catalysis of diels-alder reactions

The effect of a range of O-alkyl ester hydrochloride surfactants derived from L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine as catalysts on the Diels-Alder reaction between cyclopentadiene and methyl acrylate was studied. Both chain lengths (C8-C14) and head groups of the surfactants were found to influence the yield and selectivity of the Diels-Alder product. The C10 derivatives of both phenylalanine and tyrosine surfactants gave the highest yields and selectivity. Phenylalanine ester hydrochlorides showed better catalytic activity than the tyrosine derivatives. Adduct optimum yield was obtained at a concentration relating to their critical micelle concentration (CMC) values. The Diels-Alder reaction was also found to be favored in acidic condition (pH 3) as well as in the presence of lithium chloride (LiCl) as salting out agent

Segmenting Markets by Bagged Clustering: Young Chinese Travelers to Western Europe.

Market segmentation is ubiquitous in marketing. Hierarchical and nonhierarchical methods are popular for segmenting tourism markets. These methods are not without controversy. In this study, we use bagged clustering on the push and pull factors of Western Europe to segment potential young Chinese travelers. Bagged clustering overcomes some of the limitations of hierarchical and nonhierarchical methods. A sample of 403 travelers revealed the existence of four clusters of potential visitors. The clusters were subsequently profiled on sociodemographics and travel characteristics. The findings suggest a nascent young Chinese independent travel segment that cannot be distinguished on push factors but can be differentiated on perceptions of the current independent travel infrastructure in Western Europe. Managerial implications are offered on marketing and service provision to the young Chinese outbound travel market