Characteristics of Craniofacial Trauma in a Rural Hospital in South India

Background/Purpose: Purpose of this study was to evaluate the population characteristics of patients with both head injury and facial fractures in rural centre. Methods: This study was a retrospective study performed at Justice K.S. Hegde Charitable Hospital, Deralakatte (Mangalore) and a total of 36 patients were reviewed. Type of fracture, mechanism, clinical features and pattern of injuries were noted. All patients who sustained both cranial and facial injuries were included in this study. Results: Mean age was 32.64 years (range, 4 years to 70 years) with a male to female ratio of 35:1. Motor vehicular accidents (44.4%) were most common cause of injury followed by fall (22.2%). Most common areas involved were upper face (36.1%) and lower face (25%) followed by combination of upper and middle face (11.1%) other areas were less commonly involved. Headache and vomiting were most common clinical features followed by loss of consciences. Closed head injuries were the most common neurological injury (14 cases) followed by skull fractures (5 cases). Most patients with upper facial fractures or combination of it had associated injuries. There was no mortality in the present series. Conclusion: This study further supports that injury patterns in developing countries particularly in rural area are no different from developed countries and needs to follow similar preventive and counseling measures.Fond/But: Le but de cette \ue9tude \ue9tait d'\ue9valuer les caract\ue9ristiques de population des malades avec les blessures cr\ue2niens et les ruptures faciales au centre rural. M\ue9thodes: Cette \ue9tude \ue9tait une \ue9tude r\ue9trospective r\ue9alis\ue9e \ue0 l'H\uf4pital Charitable de la Justice K. S. Hegde, Deralakatte (Mangalore) et un total de 36 malades ont \ue9t\ue9 pass\ue9s en revue. Le type de rupture, le m\ue9canisme, les dispositifs cliniques et le mod\ue8le des blessures ont \ue9t\ue9 not\ue9s. Tous les malades qui ont soutenu des blessures cr\ue2niens et faciaux ont \ue9t\ue9 inclus dans cette \ue9tude. R\ue9sultats: L'\ue2ge moyen \ue9tait de 32,64 ans (gamme, 4 ans \ue0 70 ans) avec un rapport de \ue0 femelle de 35:1. Les accidents v\ue9hiculaires de moteur (44,4%) \ue9taient la cause la plus commune des blessures suivie de la chute (22,2%). La plupart des parties de corps communes impliqu\ue9es \ue9taient le visage sup\ue9rieur (36,1%) et le visage inf\ue9rieur (25%) suivi de combinaison de visage sup\ue9rieur et moyen (11,1%) autres parties \ue9taient moins impliqu\ue9 g\ue9n\ue9ralement. La c\ue9phal\ue9e et le vomissement \ue9taient la plupart des dispositifs cliniques communs suivis de la perte de consciences. Les blessures cr\ue2niens ferm\ue9es \ue9taient les blessures neurologiques les plus communs (14 cas) suivis des ruptures de cr\ue2ne (5 cas). La plupart des malades pr\ue9sentant des ruptures faciales sup\ue9rieures ou sa combinason avaient des blessures associ\ue9es. Il n'y avait aucune mortalit\ue9 de la s\ue9rie actuelle. Conclusion : Cette \ue9tude soutient de plus le fait que les mod\ue8les de blessures dans les pays en voie de d\ue9veloppement en particulier dans le secteur rural ne sont pas diff\ue9rents des pays d\ue9velopp\ue9s et aussi les besoins de suivre les mesures pr\ue9ventives et conseillantes semblables

Sporadic naturally occurring melanoma in dogs as a preclinical model for human melanoma

Melanoma represents a significant malignancy in humans and dogs. Different from genetically engineered models, sporadic canine melanocytic neoplasms share several characteristics with human disease that could make dogs a more relevant preclinical model. Canine melanomas rarely arise in sun-exposed sites. Most occur in the oral cavity, with a subset having intra-epithelial malignant melanocytes mimicking the in situ component of human mucosal melanoma. The spectrum of canine melanocytic neoplasia includes benign lesions with some analogy to nevi, as well as invasive primary melanoma, and widespread metastasis. Growing evidence of distinct subtypes in humans, differing in somatic and predisposing germ-line genetic alterations, cell of origin, epidemiology, relationship to ultraviolet radiation and progression from benign to malignant tumors, may also exist in dogs. Canine and human mucosal melanomas appear to harbor BRAF, NRAS, and c-kit mutations uncommonly, compared with human cutaneous melanomas, although both species share AKT and MAPK signaling activation. We conclude that there is significant overlap in the clinical and histopathological features of canine and human mucosal melanomas. This represents opportunity to explore canine oral cavity melanoma as a preclinical model

Демографический потенциал Республики Беларусь

Материалы III Междунар. науч. конф. студентов, аспирантов и молодых ученых, Гомель, 20 мая 2010 г

Effects of antiplatelet therapy on stroke risk by brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases: subgroup analyses of the RESTART randomised, open-label trial

Background Findings from the RESTART trial suggest that starting antiplatelet therapy might reduce the risk of recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage compared with avoiding antiplatelet therapy. Brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases (such as cerebral microbleeds) are associated with greater risks of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage. We did subgroup analyses of the RESTART trial to explore whether these brain imaging features modify the effects of antiplatelet therapy

In vivo tissue responses to thermal-responsive shape memory polymer nanocomposites

To explore the safe use of thermal-responsive shape memory polymers (SMPs) as minimally invasive tissue scaffolds, we recently developed a class of biodegradable POSS-SMP nanocomposites exhibiting stable temporary shape fixing and facile shape recovery within a narrow window of physiological temperatures. The materials were covalently crosslinked from star-branched building blocks consisting a bioinert polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) core and 8 degradable poly(D,L-lactide) (PLA) arms. Here we examine the degradation profiles and immunogenicity of POSS-SMPs as a function of the PLA arm lengths using a rat subcutaneous implantation model. We show that POSS-SMPs elicited a mild foreign body type immune response upon implantation. The degradation rates of POSS-SMPs, both in vitro and in vivo, inversely correlated with the length of the PLA chains within the crosslinked amorphous network. Upon in vivo degradation of POSS-SMPs, a second acute inflammatory response was elicited locally, and the inflammation was able to resolve over time without medical interventions. One year after the implantation of POSS-SMPs, no pathologic abnormalities were detected from the vital/scavenger organs examined. These minimally immunogenic and biodegradable SMPs are promising candidates for scaffold-assisted tissue repair where both facile surgical delivery and controlled degradation of the scaffold are desired for achieving optimal short-term and long-term clinical outcomes

Characteristics of craniofacial trauma in a rural hospital in South India

Background/Purpose: Purpose of this study was to evaluate the population characteristics of patients with both head injury and facial fractures in rural centre. Methods: This study was a retrospective study performed at Justice K. S. Hegde Charitable Hospital, Deralakatte (Mangalore) and a total of 36 patients were reviewed. Type of fracture, mechanism, clinical features and pattern of injuries were noted. All patients who sustained both cranial and facial injuries were included in this study. Results: Mean age was 32.64 years (range, 4 years to 70 years) with a male to female ratio of 35:1. Motor vehicular accidents (44.4%) were most common cause of injury followed by fall (22.2%). Most common areas involved were upper face (36.1%) and lower face (25%) followed by combination of upper and middle face (11.1%) other areas were less commonly involved. Headache and vomiting were most common clinical features followed by loss of consciences. Closed head injuries were the most common neurological injury (14 cases) followed by skull fractures (5 cases). Most patients with upper facial fractures or combination of it had associated injuries. There was no mortality in the present series. Conclusion: This study further supports that injury patterns in developing countries particularly in rural area are no different from developed countries and needs to follow similar preventive and counseling measures. Keywords: craniofacial trauma, neurological injury, facial injury, maxillofacial trauma Annals of African Medicine Vol. 5 (1) 2006: 33–3

Hierarchical Cluster Analysis of Myoepithelial/basal Cell Markers in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma and Polymorphous Low-Grade Adenocarcinoma

Distinguishing adenoid cystic carcinoma from polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma of the salivary glands is important for their management. We studied the expression of several myoepithelial and basal/stem cell markers (smooth muscle actin, calponin, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, metallothionein, maspin, and p63) by immunohistochemistry in 23 adenoid cystic carcinoma and 24 polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma, to identify the most useful marker or combination of markers that may help their diagnoses. The results were analyzed using hierarchical cluster analysis and χ2 test for trend. We noted diffuse expression of smooth muscle actin in 20 adenoid cystic carcinoma vs one polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (Pvs one polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (Pvs one polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (P=0.001), metallothionein in 22 adenoid cystic carcinoma vs eight polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (Pvs 14 polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma, and p63 in 21 adenoid cystic carcinoma vs 14 polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma. Hierarchical clustering of smooth muscle actin, calponin, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, and metallothionein was virtually identical (κ≤0.0035), suggesting no significant advantage to their use in combination than individually. Diffuse smooth muscle actin expression showed the highest accuracy (91.5%) and positive predictive value (95.2%) for adenoid cystic carcinoma. Thus, diffuse expression of smooth muscle actin, calponin, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, and metallothionein was highly predictive of adenoid cystic carcinoma, whereas maspin and p63 were frequently expressed in both tumors. In differentiating adenoid cystic carcinoma from polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma, smooth muscle actin as a single ancillary test in support of the histological findings, appears to be as efficient as multiple immunohistochemical tests

Cytokinin oxidase activity and cytokinin content in roots of sunflower under water stress

786-792<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">Contents of trans-zeatin riboside (ZR), dihydrozeatin riboside (DZR) and N6-(Δ2- isopentenyl) adenosine (iPA) was quantified by an indirect ELISA using polyclonal antibodies, in the roots xylem sap and leaves of pot grown sunflower plants subjected to water stress (RWC of leaves approximately 65 per cent ). The delivery rates of all three cytokinins decreased significantly under stress. Cytokinin levels also decreased in roots and in leaves of stressed plants. Three-fold increase in cytokinin oxidase activity was observed in stressed roots after polymin P-ammonium sulphate fractionation.Further purification using Con A agarose resulted in elution of protein with cytokinin oxidase activity and was found to be <span style="font-size:15.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size:8.5pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">30 kDa protein on SDS-PAGE. </span