Comparación de la participación femenina en el mercado laboral trimestres enero - marzo 2011 y 2013

En este artículo analizamos y comparamos la participación de la mujer en el en los distintos sectores económicos, a nivel nacional y regional. Para ello utilizamos antecedentes obtenidos de la Nueva Encuesta Nacional de Empleo (NENE), las cuales fueron tabuladas y estudiadas en el periodo de enero-marzo 2011 y enero-marzo 2013. Considerando como base un acabado marco teórico, analizamos la evolución histórica de la inclusión de la mujer en el ámbito laboral. Utilizando el software SPSS se logró determinar estadísticamente, la participación de la mujer en las distintas actividades económicas del país.En base al estudio realizado se puede dilucidar, que independientemente del aumento de la participación de la mujer en el mercado laboral, sigue existiendo predominancia del sexo masculino en la mayoría de las distintas actividades económicas del país. AbstractIn this article we analyze and compare the participation of women in the diferent economic sectors, national and regional levels. We use records obtained from the New National Employment Survey, which were tabulated and studied in the period January-March 2011 and January-March 2013. Considering as a theoretical framework based finish, we analyze the historical evolution of the inclusion of women in the workplace. Using SPSS statistical software is able to determine the involvement of women in economic activities of the country.Based on the study can be performed to elucidate, that regardless of the increased participation of women in the labor market, there is still a predominance of males in most of the economic activities of the country

Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection Increases B.1.1.7 Cross-Neutralization by Vaccinated Individuals

With the spread of new variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there is a need to assess the protection conferred by both previous infections and current vaccination. Here we tested the neutralizing activity of infected and/or vaccinated individuals against pseudoviruses expressing the spike of the original SARS-CoV-2 isolate Wuhan-Hu-1 (WH1), the D614G mutant and the B.1.1.7 variant. Our data show that parameters of natural infection (time from infection and nature of the infecting variant) determined cross-neutralization. Uninfected vaccinees showed a small reduction in neutralization against the B.1.1.7 variant compared to both the WH1 strain and the D614G mutant. Interestingly, upon vaccination, previously infected individuals developed more robust neutralizing responses against B.1.1.7, suggesting that vaccines can boost the neutralization breadth conferred by natural infection

Bacterial Toxicity of Potassium Tellurite: Unveiling an Ancient Enigma

Biochemical, genetic, enzymatic and molecular approaches were used to demonstrate, for the first time, that tellurite (TeO(3) (2−)) toxicity in E. coli involves superoxide formation. This radical is derived, at least in part, from enzymatic TeO(3) (2−) reduction. This conclusion is supported by the following observations made in K(2)TeO(3)-treated E. coli BW25113: i) induction of the ibpA gene encoding for the small heat shock protein IbpA, which has been associated with resistance to superoxide, ii) increase of cytoplasmic reactive oxygen species (ROS) as determined with ROS-specific probe 2′7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H(2)DCFDA), iii) increase of carbonyl content in cellular proteins, iv) increase in the generation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARs), v) inactivation of oxidative stress-sensitive [Fe-S] enzymes such as aconitase, vi) increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, vii) increase of sodA, sodB and soxS mRNA transcription, and viii) generation of superoxide radical during in vitro enzymatic reduction of potassium tellurite

Prospective individual patient data meta-analysis of two randomized trials on convalescent plasma for COVID-19 outpatients

Data on convalescent plasma (CP) treatment in COVID-19 outpatients are scarce. We aimed to assess whether CP administered during the first week of symptoms reduced the disease progression or risk of hospitalization of outpatients. Two multicenter, double-blind randomized trials (NCT04621123, NCT04589949) were merged with data pooling starting when = 50 years and symptomatic for <= 7days were included. The intervention consisted of 200-300mL of CP with a predefined minimum level of antibodies. Primary endpoints were a 5-point disease severity scale and a composite of hospitalization or death by 28 days. Amongst the 797 patients included, 390 received CP and 392 placebo; they had a median age of 58 years, 1 comorbidity, 5 days symptoms and 93% had negative IgG antibody-test. Seventy-four patients were hospitalized, 6 required mechanical ventilation and 3 died. The odds ratio (OR) of CP for improved disease severity scale was 0.936 (credible interval (CI) 0.667-1.311); OR for hospitalization or death was 0.919 (CI 0.592-1.416). CP effect on hospital admission or death was largest in patients with <= 5 days of symptoms (OR 0.658, 95%CI 0.394-1.085). CP did not decrease the time to full symptom resolution

<i>In vitro</i> tellurite reduction generates superoxide in <i>E. coli.</i>

<p>Superoxide generation was evaluated using an <i>in vitro</i> tellurite reduction assay previously developed in our laboratory <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0000211#pone.0000211-Caldern1" target="_blank">[34]</a>. The system makes use of the O₂⁻ specific reactive compound WST-1. WST-1 reduction was determined in the presence of catalase and NADPH (Cat); catalase, tellurite and NADPH (Cat/Te); catalase, tellurite, NADPH and purified superoxide dismutase (Cat/Te/SOD); catalase, tellurite, NADPH and β-amylase (Cat/Te/amylase).</p

Tellurite increases the oxidation of cytoplasmic proteins and membrane lipids in <i>E. coli.</i>

<p>Effects of K₂TeO₃ (0.5 µg/ml) and H₂O₂ (100 µM) on protein carbonyl (A) and TBARs content (B) of <i>E. coli</i> BW25113 cells exposed to these compounds for 30 min. A, protein oxidation was determined by a chemical protein carbonyl assay by derivatizing total cellular proteins with DNPH and reading specific carbonyls absorbance at 370 nm. B, membrane peroxidation products were determined as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances present in crude extracts of <i>E. coli</i> BW25113 by the method described by Rice-Evans et al. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0000211#pone.0000211-RiceEvans1" target="_blank">[19]</a>.</p

Tellurite-induction of β-galactosidase activity in <i>E. coli</i> reporter strains.

<p> <i>E. coli</i> reporter strains ADA100 [AB734 λΦ(<i>ibp</i>::<i>lacZ</i>)], ADA310 [AB734λΦ (<i>cspA</i>::<i>lacZ</i>)], ADA410 [AB734 λΦ(p3<i>RpoH</i>::<i>lacZ</i>)] and ADA510 [AB734 λΦ(<i>sulA</i>::<i>lacZ</i>)] containing the stress-responsive promoters <i>ibpA, cspA, p3RpoH</i> and <i>sulA</i> fused to the <i>lacZ</i> gene respectively, were used to study transcription induction in cells treated or untreated with K₂TeO₃ (0.5 µg/ml). β-galactosidase activity was evaluated at time 0 and after 3 h with or without tellurite treatment. The fold induction was calculated dividing the value obtained at 3 h by the value at time 0. Results are the average of at least 4 determinations.</p