95 research outputs found
Cloud water interception in the high altitude tree heath forest (Erica arborea L.) of Paul da Serra Massif (Madeira, Portugal)
Cloud water interception (CWI) occurs when cloud droplets are blown against the forest canopy, where they are retained on
the vegetation surface, forming larger water droplets that drip into the forest floor. CWI was measured from 1 October 1997
to 30 September 1999, on a first-line tree heath (Erica arborea), at Bica da Cana, Madeira Island. Rainfall was corrected
for wind-loss effect and compared with throughfall and other climatological normals. The CWI depletion rate along a forest
stand transect was also analysed during three distinct fog events in 2008. Cloud water was 28 mm day 1, corresponding to
68% of total throughfall and 190% of the gross precipitation. Cloud water correlates directly with monthly normals of fog
days and wind speed and correlates inversely with the monthly air temperature normal. CWI has an exponential correlation
with monthly relative humidity normal. Cloud water capture depletion along the stand shows a logarithmic decrease. Although
a forest stand does not directly relate to a first-line tree heath, this study shows that CWI is a frequent phenomenon in the
Paul da Serra massif. Restoration and protection of high altitude ecosystems in Madeira should be a priority, not only for
biodiversity, ecological and economical purposes but also for its role in regional water resources.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
L'interception de l'eau des nuages dans la forĂȘt tempĂ©rĂ©e de lauriers de l'Ile de MadĂšre
A cloud belt frequently forms on the windward side of Madeira Island, between 800 and 1600 m a.s.l.,
as a result of adiabatic cooling of the northeastern trade winds that are forced upward. Temperate laurel forest is
the most common vegetation inside that cloud belt altitudinal range. Cloud water interception was estimated by
comparing precipitation and throughfall during a hydrological year. It totalled 200 mm (8% of rainfall) during
65 days (3 mm d-1) and seems to constitute a larger fraction of water input during drier months. Multiple linear
regression between gauge standard deviation and throughfall throughout rain events shows that cloud interception
is common before the onset of rainfall. Its role in the ecohydrology of laurel forest and in the islandâs hydrology
should be acknowledged. Further studies on this issue should be a priority in order to better understand these
dynamics and provide tools for the correct management of this protected forest and the islandâs groundwater
resources.Une ceinture de nuages se forme frĂ©quemment sur le cĂŽtĂ© au vent de lâĂźle de MadĂšre, entre 800 et
1600 m dâaltitude, Ă la suite du refroidissement adiabatique des alizĂ©s de Nord-Est qui sont poussĂ©s en altitude.
La forĂȘt tempĂ©rĂ©e de lauriers est la vĂ©gĂ©tation la plus courante dans cette fourchette dâaltitude de la ceinture de
nuages. Lâinterception de lâeau des nuages a Ă©tĂ© estimĂ©e en comparant les prĂ©cipitations et le pluviolessivat au
cours dâune annĂ©e hydrologique. Ce dernier sâĂ©lĂšve Ă 200 mm (8% des prĂ©cipitations) pendant 65 jours (3 mm
jourâ1) et semble constituer une partie importante de lâapport dâeau pendant les mois les plus secs. La rĂ©gression
linĂ©aire multiple entre lâĂ©cart-type des prĂ©cipitations et le pluviolessivat pendant les Ă©pisodes de pluie montre que
lâinterception de lâeau des nuages est frĂ©quente avant le dĂ©but des pluies. Son rĂŽle dans lâĂ©cohydrologie du laurier
et sur lâhydrologie de lâĂźle devrait ĂȘtre reconnu. La poursuite des Ă©tudes sur cette question devrait ĂȘtre une prioritĂ©
afin de mieux comprendre cette dynamique, et de pouvoir fournir des outils pour une bonne gestion de cette forĂȘt
protĂ©gĂ©e et des ressources en eau souterraine de lâĂźle.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Fog precipitation and rainfall interception in the natural forests of Madeira Island (Portugal)
Situated in the Atlantic Ocean, Madeira is a within-plate volcanic island, approximately 600 km
northwest of the Western African coast. Cloud cover formed mainly of orographic origin persists on
Madeira for more than 200 days per year between 800 m and 1600 m altitude. Since vegetation occupies
2/3 of the islandâs surface, fog precipitation, which occurs when fog droplets are filtered by the forest
canopy and coalesce on the vegetation surfaces to form larger droplets that drip to the forest floor, is an
important hydrological input. Rainfall interception and fog precipitation data were collected between
1996 and 2005 in the natural forests of Madeira. Six throughfall gauges were placed under the canopy of
three different types of forest: high altitude tree heath forest (1580 m), secondary tree heath forest
(1385 m) and humid laurisilva forest (1050 m). Fog precipitation is higher under high altitude heath
forest (average canopy interception was 225% of gross precipitation) and dependent both on altitude
and vegetation type, due to different tree architecture and leaf shape. Although results are conservative
estimates of fog precipitation, they point towards the importance of fog-water as a source of
groundwater recharge in the water balance of the main forest ecosystems of Madeira.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Update of the therapeutic planning of irrigation and intracanal medication in root canal treatment. A literature review
The success of endodontic treatment derives from the complete elimination of microorganisms capable of causing an intraradicular or extraradicular infection. To achieve a more effective eradication of these microorganisms, endodontic instrumentation must always be implemented with abundant irrigation, which has to achieve chemical, mechanical and biological effects. The irrigators most used today are NaOCl, CHX and EDTA, released into the ducts through different techniques such as syringe, manual agitation, positive or negative apical pressure, sonic or ultrasonic activation, PIPS and PDT. The objective of this review is to update the different irrigating solutions and intracanal disinfection drugs, as well as to establish an irrigation protocol in the endodontic treatment. Systematic search of scientific articles in the databases PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar, with the following keywords Endodontic, Infection, Failure, Irrigation, Retreatment and Irrigation protocol. The exclusion criteria were ?case report? articles and articles with a publication date prior to 2000. 48 articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Comparing the different articles it can be seen that the NaOCl is the ?gold standard? in terms of immediate antimicrobial efficacy, followed by the CHX that has a long-term antibacterial effect. As an intra-conductive drug it is advisable to use the combination of Ca(OH)2 with CPMC. The most adequate irrigation protocol consists of using 2.5% NaOCl activated with ultrasound followed by a final wash with 7% MA or 0.2% CTR combined with 2% CHX
The impact of baryons on dark matter haloes
We analyse the dark matter (DM) distribution in a approx 10^12 M_sun halo
extracted from a simulation consistent with the concordance cosmology, where
the physics regulating the transformation of gas into stars was allowed to
change producing galaxies with different morphologies. Although the DM profiles
get more concentrated as baryons are collected at the centre of the haloes
compared to a pure dynamical run, the total baryonic mass alone is not enough
to fully predict the reaction of the DM profile. We also note that baryons
affect the DM distribution even outside the central regions. Those systems
where the transformation of gas into stars is regulated by Supernova (SN)
feedback, so that significant disc structures are able to form, are found to
have more concentrated dark matter profiles than a galaxy which has efficiently
transformed most of its baryons into stars at early times. The accretion of
satellites is found to be associated with an expansion of the dark matter
profiles, triggered by angular momentum transfer from the incoming satellites.
As the impact of SN feedback increases, the satellites get less massive and are
even strongly disrupted before getting close to the main structure causing less
angular momentum transfer. Our findings suggest that the response of the DM
halo is driven by the history of assembly of baryons into a galaxy along their
merger tree.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
Consenso de expertos sobre el uso de alemtuzumab en la prĂĄctica clĂnica diaria en España
Alemtuzumab; Eficacia; PrĂĄctica clĂnica habitualAlemtuzumab; Effectiveness; Daily clinical practiceAlemtuzumab; EficĂ cia; PrĂ ctica clĂnica habitualIntroduction
Alemtuzumab is a highly effective drug approved by the European Medicines Agency as a disease-modifying drug for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
Objective
A consensus document was drafted on the management of alemtuzumab in routine clinical practice in Spain.
Development
A group of multiple sclerosis specialists reviewed articles addressing treatment with alemtuzumab in patients with multiple sclerosis and published before December 2017. The included studies assessed the drug's efficacy, effectiveness, and safety; screening for infections and vaccination; and administration and monitoring aspects. The initial proposed recommendations were developed by a coordinating group and based on the available evidence and their clinical experience. The consensus process was carried out in 2 stages, with the initial threshold percentage for group agreement established at 80%. The final document with all the recommendations agreed by the working group was submitted for external review and the comments received were considered by the coordinating group.
Conclusion
The present document is intended to be used as a tool for optimising the management of alemtuzumab in routine clinical practice.IntroducciĂłn Alemtuzumab es un fĂĄrmaco de alta eficacia aprobado por la Agencia Europea de Medicamentos como tratamiento modificador de la enfermedad en pacientes con esclerosis mĂșltiple remitente recurrente. Objetivo Elaborar un documento de consenso sobre el manejo de alemtuzumab en la prĂĄctica clĂnica habitual, que sea de aplicaciĂłn en el ĂĄmbito español. Desarrollo Un grupo de expertos en esclerosis mĂșltiple revisĂł las publicaciones disponibles hasta diciembre de 2017, de tratamiento con alemtuzumab y esclerosis mĂșltiple. Se incluyeron trabajos sobre eficacia, efectividad y seguridad, despistaje de infecciones y vacunaciĂłn, administraciĂłn y monitorizaciĂłn. La propuesta inicial de recomendaciones fue desarrollada por un grupo coordinador con base en la evidencia disponible y en su experiencia clĂnica. El proceso de consenso se llevĂł a cabo en 2 etapas; se estableciĂł como porcentaje inicial de acuerdo grupal el 80%. El documento final con todas las recomendaciones acordadas por el grupo de trabajo se sometiĂł a revisiĂłn externa y los comentarios recibidos fueron considerados por el grupo coordinador. Conclusiones El documento aportado pretende ser una herramienta Ăștil para facilitar el manejo del fĂĄrmaco en condiciones de prĂĄctica clĂnica habitual.Sanofi-Genzyme provided financial support to this project
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