Ciberseguridad en Ciudades Inteligentes

En este artículo se dará a conocer una perspectiva de la importancia de la ciberseguridad y los riesgos que conlleva no realizar una correcta implementación y aseguramiento en dispositivos tecnológicos, también dar una visión general de la implementación de la inteligencia artificial y el internet de las cosas (IoT) sobre las ciudades inteligentes con el fin de mejorar la vida de las personas

Emerging treatment strategies in recurrent platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer: focus on trabectedin.

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancies. In spite of high response rates to the standard front-line treatment for advanced disease with cytoreductive surgical debulking, followed by platinum/taxane-based chemotherapy, most patients eventually relapse developing drug-resistant disease. Owing to the molecular heterogeneity, genetic instability and mutagenicity of OC, increases in survival might be achieved by translating recent insights at the morpho-molecular levels to individual therapeutic strategies. Several emerging treatments have been shown to be active in platinum-sensitive (PS) recurrent OC (ROC), but an optimal strategy still has not been established. Based on the recent results, it is likely that the introduction of novel non-platinum based chemotherapies and molecular targeted therapies will have a major impact on the management of ROC. Some current strategies are focused on the extension of platinum-free interval (PFI) in patients with PS, particularly in those with partially PS disease. Apparently, the PFI extension by an effective non-platinum intervention, such as trabectedin plus pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD), may reduce cumulative platinum-induced toxicities leading to longer survival after the reintroduction of subsequent platinum. The introduction of novel therapies, such as the antiangiogenic monoclonal antibody bevacizumab, opens a new field of targeted therapies in this indication. In this review, we aim to outline the therapeutic potential of new emerging approaches, particularly the role of non-platinum therapy with trabectedin in combination with PLD in patients with PS ROC. © 2013 The Authors

Phase 2 Trial (POLA Study) of Lurbinectedin plus Olaparib in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors: Results of Efficacy, Tolerability, and the Translational Study

Endometrial cancer; Genomic instability; OlaparibCáncer endometrial; Inestabilidad genómica; OlaparibCàncer d'endometri; Inestabilitat genòmica; OlaparibWe hypothesized that the combination of olaparib and lurbinectedin maximizes DNA damage, thus increasing its efficacy. The POLA phase 1 trial established the recommended phase 2 dose of lurbinectedin as being 1.5 mg (day 1) and that of olaparib as being 250 mg/12 h (days 1–5) for a 21-day cycle. In phase 2, we explore the efficacy of the combination in terms of clinical response and its correlation with mutations in the HRR genes and the genomic instability (GI) parameters. Results: A total of 73 patients with high-grade ovarian (n = 46), endometrial (n = 26), and triple-negative breast cancer (n = 1) were treated with lurbinectedin and olaparib. Most patients (62%) received ≥3 lines of prior therapy. The overall response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 9.6% and 72.6%, respectively. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 4.54 months (95% CI 3.0–5.2). Twelve (16.4%) patients were considered long-term responders (LTR), with a median PFS of 13.3 months. No clinical benefit was observed for cases with HRR gene mutation. In ovarian LTRs, although a direct association with GI and a total loss of heterozygosity (LOH) events was observed, the association did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.055). Globally, the total number of LOHs might be associated with the ORR (p =0.074). The most common grade 3–4 toxicities were anemia and thrombocytopenia, in 6 (8.2%) and 3 (4.1%) patients, respectively. Conclusion: The POLA study provides evidence that the administration of lurbinectedin and olaparib is feasible and tolerable, with a DCR of 72.6%. Different GI parameters showed associations with better responses.This trial was sponsored by AstraZeneca and PharmaMar, including supply of the drugs used in this study

Olaparib maintenance monotherapy in platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer patients without a germline BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation: OPINION primary analysis

Maintenance; Olaparib; Ovarian cancerManteniment; Olaparib; Càncer d'ovarisMantenimiento; Olaparib; Cáncer de ovariosObjective The phase IIIb OPINION trial (NCT03402841) investigated olaparib maintenance monotherapy in patients without a deleterious or suspected deleterious germline BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation (gBRCAm) who had platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer (PSROC) and had received ≥2 previous lines of platinum-based chemotherapy. Methods In this single-arm, open-label, international study, patients who had responded to platinum-based chemotherapy received maintenance olaparib tablets (300 mg twice daily) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS) (modified RECIST version 1.1). A key secondary endpoint was PFS by homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) and somatic BRCAm (sBRCAm) status. The primary analysis of PFS was planned for 18 months after the last patient received their first dose. Results Two hundred and seventy-nine patients were enrolled and received olaparib. At data cutoff (October 2, 2020), 210 PFS events had occurred (75.3% maturity) and median PFS was 9.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.6–10.9) in the overall population. At 12 and 18 months, 38.5% and 24.3% of patients were progression-free, respectively. In the predefined biomarker subgroups, median PFS was 16.4, 11.1, 9.7, and 7.3 months in sBRCAm, HRD-positive including sBRCAm, HRD-positive excluding sBRCAm, and HRD-negative patients, respectively. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were nausea (48.4%) and fatigue/asthenia (44.1%). TEAEs led to dose interruption, dose reduction, and treatment discontinuation in 47.0%, 22.6%, and 7.5% of patients, respectively. Conclusion Maintenance olaparib demonstrated clinical benefit in patients without a gBRCAm, and across all subgroups, compared with historical placebo controls. There were no new safety signals.This study was funded by AstraZeneca and is part of an alliance between AstraZeneca and Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA

A phase I dose-finding, pharmacokinetics and genotyping study of olaparib and lurbinectedin in patients with advanced solid tumors

Càncer; Biologia molecular; OncologiaCancer; Molecular biology; OncologyCáncer; Biología molecular; OncologíaThe poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib has shown antitumor activity in patients with ovarian or breast cancer with or without BRCA1/2 mutations. Lurbinectedin is an ecteinascidin that generates DNA double-strand breaks. We hypothesized that the combination of olaparib and lurbinectedin maximizes the DNA damage increasing the efficacy. A 3 + 3 dose-escalation study examined olaparib tablets with lurbinectedin every 21 days. The purpose of this phase I study is to determine the dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) of the combination, to investigate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), the recommended phase II dose (RP2D), efficacy, pharmacokinetics, in addition to genotyping and translational studies. In total, 20 patients with ovarian and endometrial cancers were included. The most common adverse events were asthenia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, abdominal pain, neutropenia, anemia. DLT grade 4 neutropenia was observed in two patients in dose level (DL) 5, DL4 was defined as the MTD, and the RP2D was lurbinectedin 1.5 mg/m2 + olaparib 250 mg twice a day (BID). Mutational analysis revealed a median of 2 mutations/case, 53% of patients with mutations in the homologous recombination (HR) pathway. None of the patients reached a complete or partial response; however, 60% of stable disease was achieved. In conclusion, olaparib in combination with lurbinectedin was well tolerated with a disease control rate of 60%. These results deserve further evaluation of the combination in a phase II trial.This trial was sponsored by AstraZeneca and PharmaMar, including supply of study drugs

Caracterización de las creencias de docentes, estudiantes y padres en torno a la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las ciencias naturales

Actualmente en el marco de la investigación en educación se ha incrementado el número de trabajos que abordan el tema de las creencias en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las ciencias naturales desde la perspectiva de los docentes, los estudiantes y los padres de familia como ejes fundamentales en el proceso educativo. La presente investigación busca caracterizar las creencias de los docentes estudiantes y padres del grado quinto de primaria en torno al aprendizaje y enseñanza de las ciencias naturales, en tres instituciones públicas de la ciudad de Bogotá. En este sentido, se tuvieron en cuenta aspectos teóricos claves, fundamentados en los trabajos propuestos por Jones y Carter (2007) y Vásquez y Manassero (2008), donde se considera que las creencias constituyen un factor de gran influencia en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Además, tomando lo planteado por Pozo (2006) las creencias de los estudiantes tienen origen en las creencias que les transmiten sus padres y docentes. Es así como el estudio se realiza desde un enfoque cuantitativo con un diseño descriptivo. A partir de lo anterior se establecieron las categorías; aprendizaje y enseñanza de las ciencias, interés hacia las ciencias, concepción de las ciencias, conocimiento científico, importancia de las ciencias en la sociedad, desarrollo de una carrera científica. Los resultados de esta investigación advierten entre otras, la creencia de que la ciencia no ayuda a que el mundo sea mejor y que por el contrario se considere que puede representar una amenaza para la sociedad, de igual forma, se cree que los conocimientos de ciencias naturales son útiles para la vida además de estimular la creatividad y permitir desarrollar el pensamiento. Por tal razón, es fundamental reconocer y reflexionar acerca de las creencias de estos tres colectivos y cambiar la imagen de dificultad de las ciencias naturales, puesto que esta creencia tiende a alejar a los estudiantes y padres de las mismas.Currently in the framework of research in education has increased the number of papers that address the issue of beliefs in the teaching and learning of natural sciences from the perspective of teachers, students and parents as fundamental axes in the educational process. The present research seeks to characterize the beliefs of the teaching students and parents of the fifth grade of primary school about the learning and teaching of the natural sciences, in three public institutions of the city of Bogotá. In this sense, key theoretical aspects were taken into account, based on the works proposed by Jones and Carter (2007) and Vásquez and Manassero (2008), where beliefs are considered to be a factor of great influence in the teaching process and learning. In addition, taking what was proposed by Pozo (2006) the beliefs of the students have their origin in the beliefs transmitted to them by their parents and teachers. This is how the study is carried out from a quantitative approach with a descriptive design. From the above, the categories were established; learning and teaching of science, interest in science, conception of science, scientific knowledge, importance of science in society, development of a scientific career. The results of this research warn among others, the belief that science does not help the world to be better and that on the contrary it is considered that it can represent a threat to society, in the same way, it is believed that science knowledge Natural are useful for life as well as stimulate creativity and allow the development of thought. For this reason, it is essential to recognize and reflect on the beliefs of these three groups and change the image of difficulty of the natural sciences, since this belief tends to keep students and parents away from them.Magíster en EducaciónMaestrí

Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus) population density and relative abundance at the buffer zone of the Chingaza National Natural Park, cordillera oriental of the Colombian Andes

The Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus) population density and relative abundance within the Chingaza Massif were assessed between September 2015 and May 2016. One hundred seventeen (117) camera traps were installed at 9 grids: 13 cameras per grid, each camera separated 750 m from the other; the sampling effort was 17,057 days-trap. Two thousand seven hundred eighty-four (2,784) native fauna records were obtained, 1,456 corresponding to mammals, 183 records for Andean bear specimens, 158 of them independent bear records (at least one hour between records), and 106 effective-independent bear records (also permitting individual recognition). Fifty-seven (57) Andean bear individuals were identified according to key external morphological features. Sixteen (16) adults were recaptured (12 males and 4 females), with a maximum mean distance of 27.22 km. Bears population density was 2.9 bears per 100 km². Based on this density and the buffer area of the sampling grids, we estimated an overall number of 122 bears in 4,215.15 km². The estimated density is the first for the species in Colombia and the lowest regarding previous reports from other countries. Thus, it is necessary to better understand how integral habitat quality and the anthropic impacts on habitat quality, availability, and connectivity may affect the Andean bear population densities in Colombia, as a useful tool for assessing populations` state and focus future conservation actions.Fil: Rodríguez, Daniel. Protección y Conservación del Oso Andino (fundación Wii); ColombiaFil: Reyes, Adriana. Protección y Conservación del Oso Andino (fundación Wii); ColombiaFil: Quiñones Guerrero, Andres. Protección y Conservación del Oso Andino (fundación Wii); ColombiaFil: Poveda Gómez, Fidel Ernesto. Corporación Manaba (manaba); ColombiaFil: Castillo-Navarro, Yeimy. Protección y Conservación del Oso Andino (fundación Wii); ColombiaFil: Duque, Robinson. Empresa de Acueducto y Alcantarillado de Bogotá E.s.p.; ColombiaFil: Reyes Amaya, Nicolás Rafael. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - Tucumán. Unidad Ejecutora Lillo; Argentin

Estado del arte de los estudios sobre evaluación y análisis de las características antropométricas, psicomotrices y socioeconómicas en niños entre los seis y doce años de edad en la ciudad de Bogotá D.C. desde el año 2002 hasta el año 2011.

Dentro del contenido de este proyecto se encontrarán varias evidencias, procesos y antecedentes que permitieron elaborar una investigación hermenéutica con apoyo documental, la cual busca determinar procesos de evaluación, análisis de investigaciones anteriores con las cuales se pretende elaborar el estado del arte. Con el estado del arte se quiere buscar, señalar y analizar la mayoría de documentos e investigaciones establecidas de un tema en específico. Para que este proceso pudiera efectuarse realizamos varias visitas a universidades, bibliotecas y centros de documentación, que permitieron realizar una serie de instrumentos de recolección y análisis de datos con el fin de resumir, apropiar y organizar la información recolectada, para un posterior análisis y finalmente desarrollar un una recolección de datos (tesis, proyectos, libros, artículos y revistas) enfocadas hacia estudios sobre evaluaciones y análisis de las características antropométricas, psicomotrices y sociales en niños entre los seis y doce años de edad en la ciudad de Bogotá D.C

La influencia de los determinantes macroeconómicos en la cartera comercial de crédito de consumo en Colombia (2006-2010)

Este artículo se basa en un análisis comparativo de variables macroeconómicas como lo son el desempleo, el PIB y el IPC en Colombia frente la cartera de crédito comercial de doce bancos representativos en el periodo 2006 a 2010, midiendo la afectación de los aspectos económicos y cómo reflejan o modifican las calificaciones dadas el comportamiento de pago de los individuos, teniendo en cuenta el ámbito de la cartera en Colombia, lo anterior se realiza a través de un panel de datospara el análisis de comportamiento y tendencias del mercado de riesgo de crédito comercial en referencia, a lo cual resultaron siendo positivas las variables macro económicas usadas en el modelo frente al comportamiento de la cartera comercial

La imagen y la Narrativa como Herramientas para el Abordaje Psicosocial en Escenarios de Violencia. Departamento del Meta, Casanare y Norte de Santander.

Mediante este trabajo se adoptan enfoques conceptuales desde diversas opiniones y concepciones que logran narrar otras historias. Inicialmente se realizan diversos análisis de diferentes relatos de vida los cuales se encuentran sumergidos en la violencia y el conflicto armado, en el cual se busca generar estrategias por medio de su misma experiencia que ayudan en el proceso de generar impacto dentro de una sociedad que se encuentra estigmatizada por las luchas sociales que se han vivido; por consiguiente, se reflexiona en base a la narrativa histórica de un hombre (Relato Camilo), víctima del conflicto armado que logró sobrevivir y ser resiliente ante estas adversidades; fomentando un análisis de carácter reflexivo que nos ayude a proponer acciones psicosociales encaminadas a brindar un resultado positivo dentro del entorno. Se formularán diferentes preguntas (circulares, reflexivas y estratégicas) como propuestas fundamentadas para establecer un abordaje psicosocial, con el objetivo de comprender y fortalecer desde nuestro quehacer a estas comunidades víctimas de la violencia. Partiendo de lo anteriormente mencionado, se realizó un análisis sobre la exclusión social que han tenido que vivir los habitantes de la comunidad de Peñas Coloradas, los cuales se encuentran sumergidos en la violencia y el conflicto armado, donde se puede comprender que estos fenómenos psicosociales crean vacíos emocionales en estos habitantes y determina el comportamiento en sociedad. Por lo cual, se generan estrategias de abordaje psicosocial, implementando herramientas de intervención desde la experiencia de esta población que se encuentra estigmatizada por las situaciones de vulneración y marginación psicosocial y así crear acciones donde se pueda mitigar o disminuir este impacto social-mental que ha vivido cada ciudadano. Por último, se evidencia el aprendizaje adquirido mediante el proceso de la foto voz, realizada en un informe reflexivo, haciendo referencia a las diversas formas de violencia que se producen en los diversos territorios de nuestro país, permitiendo establecer análisis argumentados y críticos para abordar estas problemáticas psicosociales. Haciendo énfasis en la importancia de reconocer la memoria como una identidad critica que hace parte de la subjetividad mediante estos relatos narrados. Por medio del desarrollo de esta actividad sólida, se busca dentro del campo disciplinar y como psicólogos en formación, poder realizar un acompañamiento psicosocial adecuado que logre reactivar vivencias que fueron dignificadas por diversos actores contextuales en los cuales se encuentra sumergida el ser humano.According to this work conceptual approaches are taken from different opinions and conceptions that manage to tell other stories. Initially, various analyses are carried out of different life stories that are immersed in violence and armed conflict, in which the aim is to generate strategies through their own experience that help in the process of generating an impact within a society that is stigmatized by the social struggles that have been experienced; consequently, it is reflected on the historical narrative of a man (Rel Camilo), a victim of the armed conflict who managed to survive and be resilient in the face of these adversities; encouraging a reflective analysis that helps us to propose psychosocial actions aimed at providing a positive result within the environment. Subsequently, on the basis of the above, various questions (circular, reflective and strategic) will be formulated as well-founded proposals for establishing a psychosocial approach, with the aim of understanding and strengthening these communities that are victims of violence. Secondly, an analysis was made of the social exclusion experienced by the inhabitants of the community of Peñas Coloradas, who are immersed in violence and armed conflict, where it is possible to understand that these psychosocial phenomena create emotional voids in these inhabitants and determine their behaviour in society. Strategies are therefore being developed for a psychosocial approach, using intervention tools based on the experience of this population group, which is stigmatized by situations of psychosocial vulnerability and marginalization, and thus creating actions to mitigate or reduce the social and mental impact experienced by each citizen. Finally, it highlights the lessons learned through the photo-voice process, carried out in a reflective report, referring to the various forms of violence that occur in the various territories of our country, allowing for the establishment of reasoned and critical analyses to address these psychosocial problems. Emphasizing the importance of recognizing memory as a critical identity that is part of subjectivity through these narrated stories. Through the development of this solid activity, it is sought within the disciplinary field and as psychologists in training, to be able to carry out appropriate psychosocial accompaniment that succeeds in reactivating experiences that were dignified by various contextual actors in which the human being is immersed