325 research outputs found
Inflation-Targeting and Foreign Exchange Interventions in Emerging Economies
URL des Documents de travail : http://centredeconomiesorbonne.univ-paris1.fr/bandeau-haut/documents-de-travail/Documents de travail du Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne 2013.74 - ISSN : 1955-611XAre emerging economies implementing inflation targeting (IT) with a perfectly flexible exchange-rate arrangement, as developed economies do, or have these countries developed their own IT framework? This paper offers a new method for assessing exchange-rate policies that combines the use of "indicator countries", providing an empirical definition of exchange-rate flexibility or rigidity, and clustering through Gaussian mixture estimates in order to identify countries' de facto regimes. By applying this method to 19 inflation-targeting emerging economies, I find that the probability of those countries having a perfectly flexible arrangement as developed economies do is 52%, while the probability of having a managed float system, obtained through foreign exchange market intervention, is 28%, and that of having a rigid exchange-rate system (similar to those of pegged currencies) is 20%. The results also provide evidence of two different monetary regimes under inflation targeting: flexible IT when the monetary authorities handle only one tool, the interest rate, prevailing in ten economies, and hybrid IT when the monetary authorities add foreign exchange interventions to their toolbox, prevailing in the remaining nine economies.Les Ă©conomies Ă©mergentes qui ciblent l'inflation ont-elles un rĂ©gime de change parfaitement flottant comme c'est gĂ©nĂ©ralement le cas dans les Ă©conomies dĂ©veloppĂ©es, ou bien ces Ă©conomies ont-elles mis en place un cadre de ciblage d'inflation qui leur est propre ? Ce papier propose une nouvelle mĂ©thode pour Ă©valuer la politique de change. Notre approche combine l'usage de pays " indicateurs " afin de disposer d'une dĂ©finition empirique de ce qu'est une politique de change flexible ou rigide, et l'estimation d'un modèle de mĂ©langes gaussiens pour regrouper les Ă©conomies similaires et identifier leur rĂ©gime de facto. En appliquant cette mĂ©thode sur les 19 Ă©conomies Ă©mergentes qui ont une stratĂ©gie de ciblage d'inflation, nos rĂ©sultats indiquent que la probabilitĂ© pour ces pays d'avoir un taux de change aussi flexible que les Ă©conomies dĂ©veloppĂ©es qui ciblent l'inflation est en moyenne de 52%, alors que la probabilitĂ© d'avoir une politique de flottement-contrĂ´lĂ© est de 28%, et enfin celle d'avoir un système de change rigide (similaire Ă un ancrage) est de 20%. Ces rĂ©sultats mettent enfin en lumière deux rĂ©gimes monĂ©taires diffĂ©rents en ciblage d'inflation : le ciblage flexible quand les autoritĂ©s monĂ©taire ne maĂ®trisent qu'un seul outil, le taux d'intĂ©rĂŞt, pratique observĂ©e dans dix Ă©conomies, et le ciblage hybride quand les autoritĂ©s monĂ©taires rajoutent dans leur boĂ®te Ă outils les interventions sur les marchĂ©s des changes, pratique observĂ©e dans 9 pays
La danse Ă l'Ă©cole, l'Ă©veil d'un corps sensible
Ce mémoire présente les liens entre le corps, l'imaginaire et la sensibilité de l'être, au travers de l'activité danse. Le corps, support des émotions, transmet, reçoit, fait le lien entre notre intimité propre et notre monde environnant. Ainsi, nos attitudes, nos postures, nos regards laissent transparaître ce que nous sommes. Cet écrit s'interroge sur la question suivante : comment le développement d'un corps sensible amène-t-il à une meilleure connaissance de soi et une meilleure qualité de relations dans la classe ? Cette expérimentation, sous forme d'une séquence de danse de quatre semaines avec une classe de CM2, nous a apporté des résultats riches et profonds, au travers des témoignages des enfants et des observations que nous avons pu réaliser. Cela nous a permis de voir l'impact d'une démarche d'enseignement tournée vers une approche du corps sensible. Les observations nous ont permis de voir de nombreuses transformations corporelles, relationnelles et sensorielles vécues par les élèves. L'EPS à l'école est une discipline riche qui englobe un grand nombre d'enjeux éducatifs. Elle permet notamment au travers de la place centrale qu'elle accorde au corps, de se découvrir intérieurement et de développer la personnalité propre des élèves, ainsi que leur rapport aux autres
Central Banking after the Crisis: Brave New World or Back to the Future? Replies to a questionnaire sent to central bankers and economists
URL des Documents de travail : http://centredeconomiesorbonne.univ-paris1.fr/bandeau-haut/documents-de-travail/Documents de travail du Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne 2013.73 - ISSN : 1955-611XThis paper provides a snapshot of the current state of central banking doctrine in the aftermath of the crisis, using data from a questionnaire produced in 2011 and sent to central bankers (from 13 countries plus the euro zone) and economists (31) for a report by the French Council of Economic Analysis to the Prime Minister. The results of our analysis of the replies to the questionnaire are twofold. First, we show that the financial crisis has led to some amendments of pre-crisis central banking. We highlight that respondents to the questionnaire agree on the general principle of a 'broader' view of central banking extended to financial stability. Nevertheless, central bankers and economists diverge or give inconsistent answers about the details of implementation of this 'broader' view. Therefore, the devil is once again in the details. We point out that because of central bankers' conservatism, a return to the status quo cannot be excluded.Dans cet article, nous exploitons les réponses au questionnaire qui avait accompagné le rapport du Conseil d'analyse économique " Banques centrales et stabilités financière " en 2011. Parce qu'il couvre les différentes dimensions du Central banking et qu'il a été réalisé après le temps fort de la crise, ce questionnaire permet d'évaluer si dans l'esprit des banquiers centraux (de 13 pays différents plus la zone euro) et des économistes interrogés (31), la crise financière a modifié la doctrine de la politique monétaire, la stratégie et le cadre opérationnel des banques centrales. Notre analyse des réponses à ce questionnaire fait ressortir deux grands résultats. Le premier est que la crise financière a bel et bien amendé le consensus qui prévalait avant la crise. En particulier, les sondés semblent s'accorder sur le principe général d'une vision " élargie " des missions des banques centrales qui englobe la stabilité financière. Le second pourrait être résumé par la formule " le diable est dans les détails ! ". En effet, lorsqu'ils sont interrogés sur les détails et les implications de ce nouveau central banking, banquiers centraux et économistes donnent des réponses faiblement cohérentes. Le profil des banquiers centraux relativement plus conservateur que celui des économistes ressort dans les réponses au questionnaire et rend tout à fait envisageable, une fois la crise passée, un retour au consensus d'avant crise
Antibody administration in experimental influenza increases survival and enhances the effect of oseltamivir
Vers de nouvelles approches pour la capitalisation des modèles pour la simulation et l'optimisation : l'expérience du projet DIMOCODE
National audienceCe papier permet d'expliciter les fondements théoriques qui ont amené aux spécifications d'un nouveau type de plate-forme collaborative sur Internet, pour la capitalisation et la diffusion de modèles numériques et la mise en relation des savoirs-faire autour de ces modèles numériques. Le premier prototype, faisant l'objet du projet DIMOCODE soutenu par le CNRS, est détaill
Mathematization of experts knowledge: example of part orientation in additive manufacturing
The use of expert knowledge by manufacturing companies to support everyday activities has become an emerging practice thanks to the new knowledge management tools. A big set of knowledge is available in the organizations but its profitable use to solve problems and assist decision making is still a challenge. This is the case of CAM operations or preprocessing steps for which various works have been led to involve experts’ knowledge in the decision-making based on qualitative principles. However, so far, there is no methodology to the quantitative representation of that knowledge for more assistance. This paper introduces an approach for the conversion of knowledge into quantitative mathematical models. The main idea is to go from elicitation data in the form of action rules to simple unitary mathematical images; here desirability functions. The whole process carried out to extract the useful information that help building the desirability functions is exposed and different useful mathematical considerations are proposed. The resulting methodology identifies the categories of concepts in action rules and translate them into codified action rules. Then, through a mathematization process, the desirability functions are built. In short, this new approach allows evaluating the satisfaction level of the rules prescribed by the experts. As an illustration, the model is applied to action rules for CAM operations in additive manufacturing and more precisely to the definition of part orientation. This has shown the robustness of the methodology used and that it is possible to translate elicitation data into mathematical functions operable in computation algorithms.ANR-17-CE10-0008 : COFF
Properties and suspension stability of dendronized iron oxide nanoparticles for MRI applications
Functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles have attracted an increasing interest in the last 10 years as contrast agents for MRI. One challenge is to obtain homogeneous and stable aqueous suspensions of iron oxide nanoparticles without aggregates. Iron oxide nanoparticles with sizes around 10 nm were synthesized by two methods: the particle size distribution in water suspension of iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized by the co-precipitation method was improved by a process involving two steps of ligand exchange and phase transfer and was compared with that of iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized by thermal decomposition and functionalized by the same dendritic molecule. The saturation magnetization of dendronized nanoparticles synthesized by thermal decomposition was lower than that of nanoparticles synthesized by co-precipitation. The r(2) relaxivity values were shown to decrease with the agglomeration state in suspension and high r(2) values and r(2)/r(1) ratios were obtained with nanoparticles synthesized by co-precipitation by comparison with those of commercial products. Dendronized iron oxide nanoparticles thus have potential properties as contrast agent. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Forecasting the potential impact of cell and gene therapies in France: projecting product launches and patients treated
ObjectiveTo evaluate the potential impact of cell and gene therapies (CGTs) in France by forecasting the number of patients that will be treated with CGTs over the period 2023–2030 by therapeutic area and region.MethodsA review of CGTs in clinical development and related disease epidemiology was conducted to forecast the number of CGT launches and patient population between 2023 and 2030. The number of expected launches was identified by filtering the clinical development pipeline with estimated time to launch and probability of success values from Project ALPHA. Disease prevalence and incidence in France were combined with projected adoption rates derived from historical data to forecast the patient population to be treated.ResultsUp to 44 new CGTs are forecasted to launch in France in the period 2023–2030, which translates into more than 69,400 newly treated patients in 2030. Leading indications in terms of newly treated patients per year include cardiovascular disease, hematological cancers and solid tumors with 27,300, 15,200 and 13,000 newly treated patients in 2030, respectively.DiscussionThe forecast suggests that the future landscape of CGTs will undergo a shift, moving from CGTs targeting (ultra) rare diseases to more prevalent diseases. In France, this will likely pose organizational challenges hindering patient access to these transformative therapies. Further research and planning around network organization and patient distribution are needed to assess and improve the readiness of the French healthcare system for ensuring access for this growing number of patients to be treated with CGTs
Nanoparticles for imaging, sensing, and therapeutic intervention
Nanoparticles have the potential to contribute to new modalities in molecular imaging and sensing as well as in therapeutic interventions. In this Nano Focus article, we identify some of the current challenges and knowledge gaps that need to be confronted to accelerate the developments of various applications. Using specific examples, we journey from the characterization of these complex hybrid nanomaterials; continue with surface design and (bio)physicochemical properties, their fate in biological media and cells, and their potential for cancer treatment; and finally reflect on the role of animal models to predict their behavior in humans
Combining Doublecortin-Like Kinase Silencing and Vinca Alkaloids Results in a Synergistic Apoptotic Effect in Neuroblastoma Cells
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