La Chambre de Commerce Française de Montréal : promouvoir les échanges économiques entre la France et le Canada

La Chambre de Commerce Française à Montréal (CCFM) est une des toutes premières chambres de commerce françaises créées à l’étranger, la troisième sur le continent américain. La présence d’une forte communauté francophone, la découverte par les Français des Canadiens français et la quête de ces derniers pour retrouver leurs origines dans un mouvement très ambivalent de part et d’autre, conduit à penser, dans le grand cycle de croissance des économies européennes et nord-américaines, qu’il existe un marché canadien pour les produits français. Le personnel consulaire, Consul Général en tête, est chargé en 1886 par le gouvernement français de créer une Chambre à Montréal, la grande métropole économique du Canada. Malgré une réelle activité conforme à sa mission, la signature de deux conventions commerciales entre la France et le Canada, les résultats restent en deçà des objectifs bien que les échanges connaissent une nette augmentation en volume et en valeur. Le travail effectué par ces Français établis à Montréal, membres actifs de la CCFM, ont sans aucun doute contribué à cette évolution positive qui a pour origine une meilleure connaissance réciproque des économies des deux pays.The French Chamber of Commerce of Montreal was one of the first French chambers founded overseas, and the third one on the American continent. The recent emigration of French business men to the province of Quebec, combined with the attempt by French Canadians to recreating some commercial connections with France, in the context of booming European and North American economies, in the last two decades of the 19th century, led French political authorities to believe French products could be exported to Canada. In 1886, the French Consul was in charge to found a French Chamber of Commerce in Montreal, the main economic center of Canada at the time. In spite of the signing of two trade agreements between France and Canada, the export results and trade balance were not as flourishing as one would have thought. However members of the French Chamber were very active in providing useful information on the economies of the two countries

Devir-Flor: a Mulher Buscando Superar a Depressão

Experimentação vivenciada com um grupo de mulheres diagnosticadas como depressivas e acompanhadas pelo Programa de Saúde Mental de uma unidade de saúde do Município de Vila Velha - ES. Oficinas qualitativas, quatro ao todo, tendo como dispositivos as cantigas de roda, o desenho com massa de modelar, a dramatização e a dança; foram as abordagens utilizadas neste trabalho que potencializaram o processo de auto-análise e autogestão dessas mulheres: a Esquizoanálise - enquanto concepção ético-estético-revolucionário-desejante da vida e do mundo -, e o Esquizodrama - enquanto espaço de produção do revolucionário e do novo -, deram o tom dos acontecimentos. Buscando desviar-se do trabalho de grupo convencional, marcado pela repetição, a proposta de klínicas ofereceu a possibilidade de proliferação de multiplicidades. Durante as oficinas muitos acontecimentos tristes de suas vidas, parte de um eterno presente, foram sendo revisitados; mas, como ninguém consegue ser depressivo vinte e quatro horas por dia, acontecimentos alegres - verdadeiras palhaçadas amorfas -, permitiram a essas mulheres, numa explosão de alegria, metamorfosearem-se em flores. Essas mulheres (e um homem também), com histórias singulares e modos de vida peculiares, vivenciaram processos produtivo-desejante-revolucionários da vida e do mundo, com produção do novo

Acute Effect of Caffeine Intake on Hemodynamics after Resistance Exercise in Young Non-hypertensive Subjects

This study aimed to examine the effect of caffeine on hemodynamics after a resistance exercise session. Fifteen subjects completed two randomly ordered experimental resistance exercise sessions 45 min after the ingestion of either caffeine (4 mg.kg-1) or placebo. Systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) and mean (MAP) blood pressures were measured before consuming caffeine; SBP, DBP, MAP, heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) were measured immediately before and after each of the sessions; SBP, DBP and MAP were measured for 9 hours after sessions. Caffeine increased (p \u3c 0.05) pre-exercise DBP and MAP. In caffeine and placebo conditions significant decreases (p \u3c 0.05) were noted in SBP, MAP, and PVR between the pre- and post-exercise time points. Notwithstanding, the mean values for SBP, DBP and MAP during the 9 h of post-exercise monitoring were increased (p \u3c 0.05) for the caffeine. In conclusion, the cardiovascular effects of caffeine are different over the post-exercise period after resistance exercise in normotensive young adults

Breastfeeding and behavior disorders among children and adolescents: a systematic review

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review study aimed to assess the evidence available for the association between breastfeeding and behavior disorders in childhood and adolescence. METHODS: The search was carried out in the PubMed, Lilacs, and PsycINFO databases up to December 2016. Inclusion criteria were as follows: prospective, retrospective and cross-sectional studies assessing the association between breastfeeding and behavior disorders in childhood or adolescence, using psychometric tests, carried out in humans and published in Portuguese, English, or Spanish. The search was performed in several stages by two independent researchers using pre-established criteria. RESULTS: Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Breastfeeding for a period equal to or higher than three or four months seemed to be inversely associated with total behavior and conduct disorders in childhood; however, the association remains unclear for other behavior disorders. Only four studies assessed behavior disorders in adolescence, and when an association was found, it was likely to be positive. The duration of breastfeeding seemed to be more important than the exclusive or non-exclusive pattern of breastfeeding. CONCLUSIONS: Breastfed children for at least three to four months had fewer total behavior and conduct disorders in childhood. Further studies are needed to better understand this association, particularly in adolescence and involving other behavioral profiles

Geoprocessing as a tool for environmental quality analysis in urban lagoon / Geoprocessamento como ferramenta para análise de qualidade ambiental em lagoa urbana

Lagoa das Garças is totally eutrophic, mainly due to the launch of domestic and industrial effluents and the surface runoff. In order to promote the recovery of the lagoon, the document suggests the detection of pollutant sources by means of measures such as the mapping of possible points of release of clandestine effluents or other sources that lead to its eutrophication. In addition to the regression in orbital images in Google Earth Pro, with the aid of DroneDeploy application, drone flight planning and execution were carried out, resulting in three maps showing the presence of constructions in Permanent Preservation Area. The resulting maps were important means of assessing the environmental aspects and impacts of the area, allowing the understanding of the local dynamics and providing subsidies to support future decisions

Internalizing and externalizing behavior problems and substance use in adolescence

Este estudo investigou a relação entre problemas de comportamento externalizantes (PCE), internalizantes (PCI) e desses concomitantemente (PCEI) no início da adolescência (11 anos) e o consumo de substâncias (bebidas alcoólicas, tabaco e drogas ilícitas) aos 15 anos, utilizando dados da coorte de nascimentos de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, de 1993. Os problemas de comportamento foram avaliados pelo Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) aplicado às mães quando os filhos tinham 15 anos. O consumo de substâncias foi avaliado por meio de questionário sigiloso autoaplicado ao adolescente. A associação entre problemas de comportamento e uso de substâncias foi analisada por meio de regressão de Poisson com ajuste robusto da variância. Após ajuste para fatores de confusão, os adolescentes com PCE tiveram maior risco para consumo abusivo de álcool (RR = 1,74; IC95%: 1,21; 2,50) e para experimentação (RR = 1,78; IC95%: 1,42; 2,23) e uso de tabaco nos últimos 30 dias (RR = 2,38; IC95%: 1,64; 3,45). Os adolescentes com PCI tiveram maior risco de experimentar tabaco (RR = 1,54; IC95%: 1,22; 1,93) e de utilizá-lo nos últimos 30 dias (RR = 1,92; IC95%: 1,31; 2,83). Os adolescentes com PCEI apresentaram maior risco para experimentação (RR = 2,24; IC95%: 1,57; 3,21) e consumo de tabaco nos últimos 30 dias (RR = 3,01; IC95%: 1,63; 5,56), e menor risco de experimentação de álcool aos 15 anos (RR = 0,72; IC95%: 0,55; 0,94). Ações de saúde pública que atuem na redução dos problemas de comportamento no início da adolescência poderão diminuir o consumo de tabaco e de bebidas alcoólicas aos 15 anos

Breastfeeding and behavior disorders among children and adolescents:a systematic review

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE This systematic review study aimed to assess the evidence available for the association between breastfeeding and behavior disorders in childhood and adolescence. METHODS The search was carried out in the PubMed, Lilacs, and PsycINFO databases up to December 2016. Inclusion criteria were as follows: prospective, retrospective and cross-sectional studies assessing the association between breastfeeding and behavior disorders in childhood or adolescence, using psychometric tests, carried out in humans and published in Portuguese, English, or Spanish. The search was performed in several stages by two independent researchers using pre-established criteria. RESULTS Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Breastfeeding for a period equal to or higher than three or four months seemed to be inversely associated with total behavior and conduct disorders in childhood; however, the association remains unclear for other behavior disorders. Only four studies assessed behavior disorders in adolescence, and when an association was found, it was likely to be positive. The duration of breastfeeding seemed to be more important than the exclusive or non-exclusive pattern of breastfeeding. CONCLUSIONS Breastfed children for at least three to four months had fewer total behavior and conduct disorders in childhood. Further studies are needed to better understand this association, particularly in adolescence and involving other behavioral profiles

Conhecimento dos estudantes de medicina sobre aleitamento materno

Breastfeeding (BF) is essential for the development of the child and the promotion of a bond between mother and child. Therefore, it is essential that medical students know how to advise on the subject, to stimulate BF, so this study aimed to identify their knowledge in relation to BF knowledge, guidance, orientation, and management. Cross-sectional study with 252 medical students from a private university, carried out in the second semester of 2021 and first semester of 2022. The students answered a questionnaire that investigated seven domains that evaluated the knowledge and experience about BF. The Stata Program, version 16.0, was used in the statistical analyses. Chi-square test was applied to verify differences between students with no prior knowledge about AM (<7th period) and those with prior knowledge (>7th period). It was observed that students with prior knowledge obtained 65% (95%CI 56.2% - 73.0%) of performance in the general knowledge item about AM, while students without knowledge had 13.2% (95%CI 8.3 % - 20.2%). The subject with the best performance in both groups, with no statistically significant difference, was on the effectiveness of BF (96.0%; 95%CI 92.8 - 97.8). The content with the worst performance was the expression of breast milk, where 10.8% (95%CI 6.5 - 17.5) of students with no prior knowledge and 16.3% (95%CI 10.7 - 23.9) with knowledge got a better score. In view of the results obtained, it was concluded that students from the 7th to 12th period have more knowledge about the subject compared to students from the initial periods, even with poor performance in the domain expression of breast milk.O aleitamento materno (AM) é fundamental para o desenvolvimento da criança e da promoção de vínculo entre mãe e filho. Diante disso, é primordial que os estudantes de medicina oriente sobre a temática, a fim de estimular o AM, por isso, tal estudo teve por objetivo identificar o conhecimento em relação ao conhecimento, orientações e manejo do AM. Estudo transversal com 22 estudantes de medicina de uma universidade, no 2º semestre de 20 e 1º semestre de 2022. Os estudantes responderam22. O Programa Stata, versão 16.0, foi avaliado nas estimativas estatísticas. Teste quiquadrado foi aplicado para diferenças entre os estudantes sem conhecimento prévio sobre AM (<7º) e os com conhecimento prévio ( > 7º período).Observou-se que os alunos com conhecimento prévio obtiveram 65% (IC95% 56,2% - 73,0%) de desempenho no quesito conhecimento geral sobre AM, enquanto os alunos sem conheceram 13,2% (IC95% 8,3) % - 20,2%). O desempenho em diferença significativa foi sobre o melhor significado do AM (96% 92,8,8) - IC95% 92,8,8. O conteúdo com melhor desempenho foi a expressão do leite materno, onde 10,8% (IC95% 6,5 - 17,5) dos estudantes sem conhecimento prévio e 16,3% (IC95% 10,7 - 23,9) com conhecimentoram o melhor escore obtido. Resultados maternos, concluídos-se que os alunos do 7º ao 12º período possuem mais conhecimento sobre o tema com os alunos dos períodos iniciais, mesmo apresentando desempenho ruim no domínio

Eficiência e uniformidade de um sistema de irrigação por gotejamento na cultura do cafeeiro Efficiency and uniformity of a drip irrigation system in the coffee crop

A determinação da uniformidade e da eficiência de aplicação de água pelos sistemas de irrigação deve ser analisada após a implantação do sistema de irrigação no campo, bem como a cada período de uso, visando à racionalização e a otimização no uso da água. Neste sentido, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o desempenho de um sistema de irrigação por gotejamento, quanto à uniformidade e a eficiência de aplicação da água na cultura do cafeeiro Conilon Vitória, no município de Alegre, Sul do Estado do Espírito Santo. O experimento foi conduzido em uma área de 2,0 ha cultivado com o cafeeiro Conilon, com espaçamento de 2,5 m x 1,0 m, em que cada fileira de planta possui uma linha lateral de polietileno com 22 m de comprimento e 19 mm de diâmetro, contendo 01 emissor por planta com espaçamento de 1,0 m entre emissores. Conclui-se que a análise conjunta dos coeficientes de uniformidade é essencial para avaliar o desempenho de sistemas de irrigação. A eficiência de aplicação de água está 20,13% abaixo do valor recomendado para sistema de irrigação por gotejamento. O projeto de irrigação avaliado apresenta uniformidade de aplicação de água dentro do aceitável, acima de 60%, porém, a lâmina aplicada no período avaliado é 39,11% superior à lâmina real necessária à cultura irrigada, constatando aplicação excessiva de água pelo sistema de irrigação.Abstract The determination of the uniformity and efficiency of water application by irrigation systems should be reviewed after the implementation of the irrigation system in the field, and each period of use, aiming at the rationalization and optimization of water use. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of a system of drip irrigation, for uniformity and efficiency of water application in coffee Conilon Victory in the municipality of Alegre, southern state of Espírito Santo. The experiment was conducted in an area of 2.0 ha cultivated with coffee Conilon, with spacing of 2.5 m x 1.0 m, where each row of plant has a lateral line of polyethylene with 22 m long and 19 mm diameter, containing 01 per plant with emitter spacing of 1.0 m between emitters. It is concluded that the joint analysis of the uniformity coefficient is essential to evaluate the performance of irrigation systems. The water application efficiency is 20.13% below the recommended value for drip irrigation system. The irrigation project has evaluated uniformity of water within the acceptable above 60%, but the amount of water applied during the evaluation period is 39.11% higher than the actual depth necessary for the irrigated crop, noting excessive application of water through the system irrigation