Globally invariant metabolism but density-diversity mismatch in springtails.

Soil life supports the functioning and biodiversity of terrestrial ecosystems. Springtails (Collembola) are among the most abundant soil arthropods regulating soil fertility and flow of energy through above- and belowground food webs. However, the global distribution of springtail diversity and density, and how these relate to energy fluxes remains unknown. Here, using a global dataset representing 2470 sites, we estimate the total soil springtail biomass at 27.5 megatons carbon, which is threefold higher than wild terrestrial vertebrates, and record peak densities up to 2 million individuals per square meter in the tundra. Despite a 20-fold biomass difference between the tundra and the tropics, springtail energy use (community metabolism) remains similar across the latitudinal gradient, owing to the changes in temperature with latitude. Neither springtail density nor community metabolism is predicted by local species richness, which is high in the tropics, but comparably high in some temperate forests and even tundra. Changes in springtail activity may emerge from latitudinal gradients in temperature, predation and resource limitation in soil communities. Contrasting relationships of biomass, diversity and activity of springtail communities with temperature suggest that climate warming will alter fundamental soil biodiversity metrics in different directions, potentially restructuring terrestrial food webs and affecting soil functioning

Global fine-resolution data on springtail abundance and community structure

Springtails (Collembola) inhabit soils from the Arctic to the Antarctic and comprise an estimated ~32% of all terrestrial arthropods on Earth. Here, we present a global, spatially-explicit database on springtail communities that includes 249,912 occurrences from 44,999 samples and 2,990 sites. These data are mainly raw sample-level records at the species level collected predominantly from private archives of the authors that were quality-controlled and taxonomically-standardised. Despite covering all continents, most of the sample-level data come from the European continent (82.5% of all samples) and represent four habitats: woodlands (57.4%), grasslands (14.0%), agrosystems (13.7%) and scrublands (9.0%). We included sampling by soil layers, and across seasons and years, representing temporal and spatial within-site variation in springtail communities. We also provided data use and sharing guidelines and R code to facilitate the use of the database by other researchers. This data paper describes a static version of the database at the publication date, but the database will be further expanded to include underrepresented regions and linked with trait data.</p

Global fine-resolution data on springtail abundance and community structure

CODE AVAILABILITY : Programming R code is openly available together with the database from Figshare.SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL 1 : Template for data collectionSUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL 2 : Data Descriptor WorksheetSpringtails (Collembola) inhabit soils from the Arctic to the Antarctic and comprise an estimated ~32% of all terrestrial arthropods on Earth. Here, we present a global, spatially-explicit database on springtail communities that includes 249,912 occurrences from 44,999 samples and 2,990 sites. These data are mainly raw sample-level records at the species level collected predominantly from private archives of the authors that were quality-controlled and taxonomically-standardised. Despite covering all continents, most of the sample-level data come from the European continent (82.5% of all samples) and represent four habitats: woodlands (57.4%), grasslands (14.0%), agrosystems (13.7%) and scrublands (9.0%). We included sampling by soil layers, and across seasons and years, representing temporal and spatial within-site variation in springtail communities. We also provided data use and sharing guidelines and R code to facilitate the use of the database by other researchers. This data paper describes a static version of the database at the publication date, but the database will be further expanded to include underrepresented regions and linked with trait data.Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.http://www.nature.com/sdatahj2024Plant Production and Soil ScienceSDG-15:Life on lan

Folsomia mofettophila Schulz & Potapov, 2010, sp. nov.

&lt;i&gt;Folsomia mofettophila&lt;/i&gt; sp. nov. &lt;p&gt;Figs 1&ndash;8, Tab. 1&ndash;2&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Type locality.&lt;/b&gt; NW-Czechia, Bohemia, 12o, 27&acute;, 46&acute;&acute; E, 50o, 07&acute;, 59&acute;&acute;N, Plesna valley, Hartousov meadow (vegetation mainly &lt;i&gt;Bistortia officinalis, Deschampsia cespitosa&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Festuca ovina&lt;/i&gt;), 423 m a.s.l., soil core sample (reduktosol, 0&ndash;5cm), 30.ix.2008, leg. H.-J. Schulz.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Type material.&lt;/b&gt; Holotype: female on slide (deposited at the Senckenberg Museum of Natural History G&ouml;rlitz; 4 paratypes on slides, 30.ix.2008, deposited in G&ouml;rlitz (Senckenberg Museum of Natural History), 3 paratypes on slides, 14.v.2008, deposited in Moscow (Moscow State Pedagogical University, Department of Zoology and Ecology), 3 paratypes on slides, 25.iii.2009, deposited in G&ouml;rlitz, all paratypes from the same location, leg. H.-J. Schulz.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Etymology.&lt;/b&gt; Named after the specific type of habitat, &ldquo;mofette&rdquo;, in which the new species was collected.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Description.&lt;/b&gt; Body size from 0.7 mm (male) up to 0.9 mm (largest female). Length of holotype 0.75 mm. Colour white, no pigmentation and ocelli.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;PAO without constrictions, 1.1&ndash;1.4 times as long as width of Ant. I and more than two times longer than inner edge of claw III. Maxillary palp bifurcate, outer maxillary lobe with 4 sublobal hairs (Fig. 1). Labral formula 4(3)/554. Ventral side of head with 4+4 chaetae along the linea ventralis, labium with 4+4 basomedian chaetae and a full set of guard chaetae (16 - including e7).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Ant. I with 2 small basal microsensilla (dorsal and ventral, bms), and 2 ventral sensilla (s), Ant. II with 3 bms and 1 latero-distal s (Fig. 1), Ant. III with 1 bms and usually 6 distal s including mostly 2 (more rarely 1) lateral ones (Fig. 2). Ant. IV with weakly differentiated sensilla, subapical organite small as is common for the genus.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Sensillar formula for Th. II to Abd. V: 4,3/2,2,2,3,5 (s), 1,0/1,0,0 (ms) (Fig. 3). Medial sensilla on all tergites situated within the p-row, on Abd. I&ndash;III between macrochaetae 1 and 2. Macrochaetae smooth and relatively short (medial ones on Abd. V 2.4&ndash;3.0 times shorter than the length of the dens and 1.7&ndash;2.9 times longer than the mucro), pattern from Th. II&ndash;Abd. III: 1,1/3,3,3 (Fig. 3). Axial chaetom of Th. II&ndash;Abd. III: 9&ndash; 10, 7&ndash;8, 4, 4&ndash;5, 4&ndash;5. Thorax without ventral chaetae.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Unguis without lateral and inner teeth. Tibiotarsi of leg I and II at most with 1&ndash;2 additional chaetae (total number 22&ndash;23), tibiotarsi III with many additional chaetae (up to 28). Ventral tube with 4&ndash;6 + 4&ndash;6 laterodistal and 5&ndash;7 posterior chaetae. Tenaculum 4+4 teeth and 1 chaeta. Anterior furcal subcoxae 9&ndash;11, posterior ones 6 (5) chaetae. Anterior side of manubrium with 2+2 chaetae (specimens with 1+2 and 2+3 observed). Posterior side of manubrium with 5+5 baso-lateral, 2 apical (ap), and ml1 chaetae (Fig. 5), totally with 34 chaetae (including basal and lateral). Dens with 14&ndash;18 anterior chaetae, posteriorly constantly with 5 (3+2) (Fig. 4). Mucro bidentate. Ratio of manubrium:dens:mucro = 5:5:1 (mean of 10 individuals). Males present.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;paratype 1 144 159 66 69 12 16 9 25 9 3&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;paratype 2 128 144 59 62 12 12 9 22 9 3&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;paratype 3 150 162 69 69 12 12 9 25 9 3&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;paratype 4 150 166 69 69 16 16 9 28 9 3&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;paratype 5 150 153 56 59 12 12 9 25 9 3&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;paratype 6 131 119 53 50 9 9 6 19 9 3&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Discussion.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Folsomia mofettophila&lt;/i&gt; &lt;b&gt;sp. nov.&lt;/b&gt; belongs to the &lt;i&gt;F. fimetaria-&lt;/i&gt; group because of abdominal sensilla positioned in the p-row, ventral chaetae on Th. III usually missing and only one pair of macrochaetae present on thoracic segments (Potapov 2001). Two pairs of chaetae on anterior side of manubrium allow to separate &lt;i&gt;Folsomia bisetosa&lt;/i&gt; -complex with five species, but the new species is close to &lt;i&gt;F. b i s e t o s a&lt;/i&gt; Gisin, 1953 and &lt;i&gt;F. kuznetsovae&lt;/i&gt; Potapov &amp; Taskaeva, 2009 in number of chaetae on anterior side of manubrium and number microsensilla on Abd.I. Full chaetotaxy of manubrium was studied in one individual only. The number of common chaetae situated medially to lateral sensilla of Abd. II sternum is more than 20 (21&ndash;24), i.e. similarly as in &lt;i&gt;F. bisetosa&lt;/i&gt;. The new species differs from them in having much larger PAO (see table 2). Besides, adult individuals of the new species have normally 2 lateral sensilla on Ant. III (1 lateral sensilla in &lt;i&gt;F. bisetosa&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;F. kuznetsovae).&lt;/i&gt; Foil chaetae weakly developed as in &lt;i&gt;F. bisetosa&lt;/i&gt; (as in Potapov &amp; Taskaeva 2009; Fig. 12). &lt;i&gt;F. mofettophila&lt;/i&gt; is a sexual species whereas males have not been found in the other two mentioned species (Fjellberg 2005; Potapov &amp; Taskaeva 2009).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Mofette fields.&lt;/b&gt; The new species was found in the Hartousov mofette field (Eastern part of the Cheb basin, Northwest Bohemia). Mofettes are continental vent systems exhaling geogenic CO2 and often occur in regions of tectonic, magmatic or volcanic unrest. These areas constantly emit geogenic CO2. Emission rates vary temporally. The location of CO2 emission drifts very slowly. Soil and ground-level CO2 concentrations can reach 100%. &lt;i&gt;F. mofettophila&lt;/i&gt; was only found in the high-CO2-samples and even there was very rare.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; Characters &lt;i&gt;F. bisetosa F. kuznetsove F. mofettophila&lt;/i&gt; Lateral sensilla on Th. III supplied with chaeta + +&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Chaeta ml1 on posterior side of manubrium &ndash; + +&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Number of common chaetae on Abd. II sternum&gt; 20 &lt;20&gt; 20 Foil-chaetae on Abd. IV sternum + &ndash; +&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;PAO &lt;Ant I width &lt;Ant I width&gt; Ant I width&lt;/p&gt;Published as part of &lt;i&gt;Schulz, Hans-Jürgen &amp; Potapov, Mikhail B., 2010, A new species of Folsomia from mofette fields of the Northwest Czechia (Collembola, Isotomidae), pp. 60-64 in Zootaxa 2553&lt;/i&gt; on pages 60-63, DOI: &lt;a href="http://zenodo.org/record/196869"&gt;10.5281/zenodo.196869&lt;/a&gt

Thalassaphorura brevisetosa Sun & Gao & Potapov 2013, sp. nov.

&lt;i&gt;Thalassaphorura brevisetosa&lt;/i&gt; sp. nov. &lt;p&gt;(Figures 1 and 2)&lt;/p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Type material&lt;/i&gt; &lt;p&gt; Holotype: male, Yangma Island, 37&deg;27 &lt;i&gt;&prime;&lt;/i&gt; N, 121&deg;36 &lt;i&gt;&prime;&lt;/i&gt; E, sandy beach (No. 81), 22 April 2011. Paratypes: 11 females and 9 males, same as holotype; 19 females, 37&deg;27 &lt;i&gt;&prime;&lt;/i&gt; N, 121&deg;30 &lt;i&gt;&prime;&lt;/i&gt; E, sandy beach (No. 94&ndash;101), 23 April 2011. All from Shandong Province, northeast China, leg. M.B. Potapov, Y.X. Luan and C.W. Huang. Holotype and 20 paratypes (16 females and 4 males) are deposited in SIPPE, 9 paratypes (8 female and 1 male) in MSPU, and 10 paratypes (6 females and 4 males) in NEIGAE.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Description&lt;/i&gt; &lt;p&gt;Body white in alcohol. Size 750&ndash;870 &micro;m in females, 650&ndash;800 &micro;m in males; holotype: 750 &micro;m. Body subcylindrical, body sides almost parallel.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Pseudocellar formula: 32/133/33343 dorsally, 11/000/00010 ventrally (Figures 1A, B, 2A, E), subcoxa 1 of legs I&ndash;III with 1, 1 and 1 pso, respectively. Parapseudocelli absent. Pseudopore formula: 00/011/11110 dorsally, 00/111/000x0 ventrally.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;S-chaetae subcylindrical, well differentiated, formula: 11/011/221121 dorsally, 11/000/000100 ventrally (Figures 1A,B, 2A, E). Sp present on dorsal side of head. Tiny and blunt ms, present on Th. II&ndash;III.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Head. Antennae short and distinctly segmented, as long as head or slightly longer. Length ratio of Ant. I: II: III: IV as about 1: 1.8: 1.8: 2. Ant. IV with subapical organite with apex globular; basolateral ms at about one-third length from base. Ant. III sensory organ composed of five papillae, five guard chaetae, two small sensory rods and two smooth subequal clubs, and a lateral ms (Figure 1C, F). Ant. II with 12 chaetae. Ant. I with eight chaetae. Antennal base without distinct granulation. PAO composed 16&ndash;20 simple vesicles. Dorsal cephalic chaeta d0 present, 3 + 3 p-chaetae present between two inner posterior pso, p1 anterior to others (Figure 1A). Mandible with strong molar plate and four apical teeth. Maxilla bearing three teeth and six lamellae (Figure 2C). Maxillary outer lobe with a simple palp, one basal chaeta and two sublobal hairs. Labral chaetae formula 4/142. Labium with six proximal, four basomedian (E, F, G, F) and five basolateral (b, c, d, e, e&rsquo;) chaetae; labial type A, papillae A&ndash;E respectively with 1, 4, 0, 3 and 2 guard chaetae (Figure 1D). Postlabial chaetae 3 + 3 along ventral groove (Figure 2A).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Body chaetotaxy (Figures 1A, B, and 2F). Ordinary chaetae short, weakly differentiated to mesochaetae and macrochaetae, ratio sp: m1: p1 on Abd. V tergum = 1: 0.6: 1.2. Th. I tergum with 5 + 5 dorsal chaetae. Th. II&ndash;III terga with 4 + 4 chaetae and Abd. I&ndash;III terga with 3 + 3 chaetae respectively on both sides of axial line, sometimes with asymmetric chaetae. Abd. IV tergum with asymmetric chaetae, Abd. V tergum without axial chaetae, Abd. VI tergum with one axial chaeta (a0) (Figure 1 B). Th. I, II and III sterna each with 1 + 1 chaetae.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Appendages. Subcoxa 1 of legs I&ndash;III with 3, 3 and 3(4) chaetae, subcoxa 2 with 1, 3 and 3 chaetae respectively (Figure 2E). Tibiotarsi of legs I, II and III with 18 (1, 8, 9) chaetae each. Unguis without teeth. Unguiculus reduced to small blunt process (Figure 1E). Pretarsus armed with transversal circular ridge with two pairs of warts anterior and lateral (Figures 1E and 2D). Ventral tube with 10 + 10 chaetae: 1 + 1 anterior, 7 + 7 distal chaetae, and 2 + 2 basal chaetae. Furca reduced to a field of fine granulation and with four small dental chaetae arranged in two rows below; with only one manubrial row of chaetae (Figure 2F).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Genital plate with 8&ndash;10 chaetae in females, 24&ndash;26 chaetae in males. Male organ absent. Anal valves with numerous acuminate chaetae; each lateral valve with a0 and 2a1; upper valves with chaetae a0, 2b1, 2b2, c0, 2c1, 2c2 (Figure 2B). Anal spines set on indistinct papillae, 0.7 times as long as inner edge of hind unguis.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Ecology&lt;/i&gt; &lt;p&gt;Highly abundant in one sample in sand dunes.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Etymology&lt;/i&gt; &lt;p&gt;Named after the short chaetae on the body.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Remarks&lt;/i&gt; &lt;p&gt; The new species is peculiar in its wart-like blunt unguiculus, which was not previously found in the genus. Otherwise, &lt;i&gt;T. brevisetosa&lt;/i&gt; sp. nov. resembles two seaside European species namely &lt;i&gt;T. debilis&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;T. thalassophila&lt;/i&gt;. The latter is considered to be a synonym of the former (Fjellberg 1998), however, the relationships between these two species and all other forms of &lt;i&gt;T. debilis&lt;/i&gt; remain unresolved (Sun et al. 2010). &lt;i&gt;Thalassaphorura brevisetosa&lt;/i&gt; sp. nov. and &lt;i&gt;T. debilis&lt;/i&gt; / &lt;i&gt;thalassophila&lt;/i&gt; share pso formula 32/133/33343, 1/1/1 pso on subcoxae, 1 + 1/1 + 1/1 + 1 ventral chaetae on Th. I&ndash;III, 1 + 1/7 + 7/2 + 2 chaetae on ventral tube, and middle-sized anal spines (ratio of AS / hind unguis about 0.7). The new species differs by body being half the size, the presence of a pair of ventral pso on the abdomen, almost totally reduced unguiculus and shorter chaetae on the body.&lt;/p&gt;Published as part of &lt;i&gt;Sun, Xin, Gao, Yan &amp; Potapov, Mikhail B., 2013, Review of Chinese littoral Thalassaphorura (Collembola: Onychiuridae), with the description of two new species, pp. 575-589 in Journal of Natural History 48 (9 - 10)&lt;/i&gt; on pages 576-579, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.839843, &lt;a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4631587"&gt;http://zenodo.org/record/4631587&lt;/a&gt

Thalassaphorura hainanica Sun & Gao & Potapov 2013, sp. nov.

&lt;i&gt;Thalassaphorura hainanica&lt;/i&gt; sp. nov. &lt;p&gt;(Figures 3 and 4)&lt;/p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Type material&lt;/i&gt; &lt;p&gt; Holotype: female, Qizi Bay, 19&deg;21 &lt;i&gt;&prime;&lt;/i&gt; N, 108&deg;40 &lt;i&gt;&prime;&lt;/i&gt; E, sand beach (No. 31), vicinity of Changhua town, Changjiang County, Hainan Province (western coast), South China, 6April 2011, leg. Y. Bu, C.W. Huang, M.B. Potapov and N.A. Kuznetsova. Paratypes: 6 females and 5 males, same as holotype. Holotype and 5 paratypes (3 females and 2 males) are deposited in SIPPE, 2 paratypes (1 female and 1 male) in MSPU, and 4 paratypes (2 females and 2 males) in NEIGAE.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Description&lt;/i&gt; &lt;p&gt;Body white in alcohol. Size 750&ndash;800 &micro;m in females, 550&ndash;700 &micro;m in males; holotype: 800 &micro;m. Body subcylindrical, body sides almost parallel.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Pseudocellar formula: 32/233/33343 dorsally, and 11/000/01120 ventrally (Figures 3C&ndash;E and 4A), subcoxa 1 of legs I&ndash;III each with 2 pso respectively. Parapseudocelli absent. Pseudopore formula: 00/011/11110 dorsally, 00/111/000x0 ventrally.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;S-chaetae cylindrical, well differentiated, formula: 11/011/222121 dorsally, 11/000/ 000100 ventrally. Sp present on dorsal side of head. Tiny and blunt ms, present on Th. II&ndash;III.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Head. Antennae short and distinctly segmented, as long as head. Length ratio of Ant. I: II: III: IV as about 1: 1.5: 1.5: 2. Ant. IV with subapical organite with apex globular; basolateral ms at about two-fifths length from base. Ant. III sensory organ composed of five papillae, five guard chaetae, two small sensory rods and two smooth subequal clubs, and a lateral ms (Figures 3B and 4B). Ant. II with 13 chaetae. Ant. I with eight chaetae. Antennal base with distinct granulation. PAO composed 16&ndash;17 simple vesicles. Dorsal cephalic chaeta d0 present. 3 + 3 p-chaetae present between two inner posterior pso, p1 anterior to others (Figure 3C). Mandible with strong molar plate and four apical teeth. Maxilla bearing three teeth and six lamellae. Maxillary outer lobe with a simple palp, one basal chaeta and two sublobal hairs. Labral chaetae formula 4/142. Labium with six proximal, four basomedian (E, F, G, f) and six basolateral (a, b, c, d, e, e&rsquo;) chaetae; labial type AC, papillae A&ndash;E respectively with 1, 4, 0, 3 and 2 guard chaetae (Figure 3A). Postlabial chaetae 4 + 4 along ventral groove (Figure 4A).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Body chaetotaxy (Figure 3C&ndash;E). Ordinary chaetae differentiated in mesochaetae and macrochaetae, ratio sp: m1: p1 on Abd. V tergum = 1: 0.5: 1.8. Th. I tergum with 5 + 5 chaetae. Th. II&ndash;III and Abd. I&ndash;III terga with 3 + 3 chaetae respectively on both side of axial line, without axial chaeta. Abd. IV tergum with one axial chaeta (m0), Abd. V tergum with one axial chaeta (a0), Abd. VI tergum with one axial chaeta (a0) (Figure 3D). Th. I, II and III sterna with 0 + 0, 1 + 1, 1 + 1 chaetae, respectively.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Appendages. Subcoxa 1 of legs I&ndash;III with 4, 4 and 4 chaetae, subcoxa 2 with 1, 4 and 4 chaetae respectively. Tibiotarsi of legs I, II and III with 18 (1, 8, 9) chaetae each. Unguis without teeth. Unguiculus 0.7 times as long as inner edge of unguis, with very narrow inner basal lamella (Figure 4D, E). Ventral tube with 1 + 1 anterior chaetae, 6 + 6 distal chaetae, 2 + 2 basal chaetae. Furca reduced to a field of fine granulation and with four small dental chaetae arranged in two rows below; only one manubrial row of chaetae present (Figure 4F).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Genital plate with 11&ndash;12 chaetae in females, 20&ndash;22 chaetae in males. Male organ absent. Anal valves with numerous acuminate chaetae; each lateral valve with a0 and 2a1; upper valves with chaetae a0, 2b1, 2b2, c0, 2c1, 2c2 (Figure 4C). Anal spines set on indistinct papillae, 0.3 times as long as inner edge of hind unguis.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Ecology&lt;/i&gt; &lt;p&gt;The species was collected from the sand covered by scattered vegetation on the outer section of a dune on an oceanic beach.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Etymology&lt;/i&gt; &lt;p&gt;To date the species has only been recorded from Hainan Island.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Remarks&lt;/i&gt; &lt;p&gt; The new species shows the most common pseudocellar formula (32/233/33343) known among the species of the genus (Sun et al. 2010). It mostly resembles &lt;i&gt;T. pomorskii&lt;/i&gt; Sun et al., 2010 described from forest litter of the Guangxi Province. They share the same pso and s-chaetae dorsal formulae, 5 + 5 dorsal chaetae on Th. I, presence of axial chaeta a0 on Abd. VI tergum, 1 + 1/6 + 6/2 + 2 chaetae on ventral tube, and small anal spines. &lt;i&gt;T. hainanica&lt;/i&gt; sp. nov. differs from &lt;i&gt;T. pomorskii&lt;/i&gt; by 2 + 2 pso on Abd. IV sternum (versus 1 + 1), chaetae missing on Th. I sternum (versus present), four chaetae on subcoxa 1 of leg I (versus two), and small axial chaeta a0 on Abd. V (versus much longer and sometimes asymmetrical). The most notable characters of &lt;i&gt;T. hainanica&lt;/i&gt; sp. nov. are short anal spines and very long chaeta a0 on Abd. VI.&lt;/p&gt;Published as part of &lt;i&gt;Sun, Xin, Gao, Yan &amp; Potapov, Mikhail B., 2013, Review of Chinese littoral Thalassaphorura (Collembola: Onychiuridae), with the description of two new species, pp. 575-589 in Journal of Natural History 48 (9 - 10)&lt;/i&gt; on pages 580-583, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.839843, &lt;a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4631587"&gt;http://zenodo.org/record/4631587&lt;/a&gt

Mesaphorura yosii Rusek 1967

Mesaphorura yosii (Rusek, 1967) Material examined. One Female, South China, Hainan Province (western coast), Changjiang County, vicinity of Changhua town, Qizi Bay, 19 ° 21 ' N 108 ° 40 'E, sand beach, flotation of sand samples, 7.iv. 2011, C. W. Huang, M. B. Potapov, N. A. Kuznetsova, and Y. Bu leg. 2 females, East China, Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan City, Zhujiajian island, 29 ° 56 ' N 122 ° 25 'E,, flotation of sand samples (No. 50), 13.iv. 2011, M. B. Potapov and C. W. Huang leg. 1 female (No. 8), East China, Zhejiang province, Zhoushan city, Shengsi Island, 30 ° 40 ' N 122 ° 15 'E, beach with grass dunes, flotation of sand samples, 22.x. 2011, Y. Gao and Y. Bu leg. 1 female, East China, Shandong Province, Yantai City, Zhifu Island, 37 ° 36 ' N 121 ° 26 'E, flotation of sand samples (No. 24), 21.iv. 2011, M. B. Potapov, Y. X. Luan and C. W. Huang leg. 1 female, East China, Shandong Province, Yantai City, 37 ° 27 ' N 121 ° 30 'E, flotation of sand samples from dunes with heavy vegetation (No. 101), 23.iv. 2011, M. B. Potapov, Y. X. Luan and C. W. Huang leg. Distribution. &Scy;osmopolitan. In China the species was often recorded in litter (Shanghai, Guangdong, Hunan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), for the first time in Hainan and Shandong provinces. The species is probably distributed all over the coast of China.Published as part of Bu, Yun, Potapov, Mikhail B. & Gao, Yan, 2013, A new species and new records of Pachytullbergiidae and Tullbergiidae (Collembola: Onychiuroidea) from littoral of China, with notes on the variations of postantennal organ, pp. 139-146 in Zootaxa 3669 (2) on page 145, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3669.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/21813

Isotomidae of Japan and Asiatic part of Russia. II. The genus Tetracanthella of the Far East

Volume: 855Start Page: 31End Page: 5

Taxonomy of the Cryptopygus complex. I. Pauropygus - a new worldwide littoral genus (Collembola, Isotomidae)

In this paper, we describe the new genus Pauropygus gen. n. which includes three minute species, blind and unpigmented, living in interstitial littoral habitats in tropical or subtropical countries. Two of these species are new to science (type species P. projectus sp. n. from New Caledonia and P. pacificus sp. n. from China); the third one, originally described in the genus Cryptopygus (C. caussaneli Thibaud, 1996), has a larger pantropical distribution. We synonymize here Cryptopygus riebi Barra, 1997 from South Africa with Pauropygus caussaneli. Two paratypes of the Mexican species Cryptopygus axayacatl Palacios & Thibaud, 2001 turned also to be P. caussaneli, while the holotype and remaining paratypes of this species support its placement in Proisotomodes. Among the Cryptopygus complex, Pauropygus gen. n. is easily recognized by characters of mouthparts (presence of two large projections on pleural fold, basolateral field with 6 chaetae, modified mouthparts) and reduced sensillar chaetotaxy (tergal sensilla 2-3,0-1/0-1,0-1,1-2,1-2,1-3, microsensilla reduced in number: 00/0-100, with sensilla situated in p-row on the abdomen). Small size, absence of eyes and pigment are also shared by all its species. The three species belonging to the genus differ by sensillar chaetotaxy