Selection of resistant upland cotton genotypes challenged with aggressive isolates of Meloidogyne incognita race 3

Received: July 11th, 2022 ; Accepted: August 19th, 2022 ; Published: August 25th, 2022 ; Correspondence: [email protected] study aimed to select populations of M. incognita race 3 for screening cotton genotypes as part of a breeding program for the development of resistant cotton cultivars. Five isolates of M. incognita race 3, collected in Western Paraná, Brazil, were tested for virulence and aggressiveness against the cotton cultivars FM966 (susceptible), IAC 24 (resistant), CD 409, and FMT 701 (moderately resistants) under greenhouse conditions, and following a factorial design with five replicates. Thirty-one cotton genotypes were screened against the three most aggressive isolates of M. incognita race 3 tested before and kept under greenhouse conditions following a factorial design with five replicates. Experiments run under greenhouse conditions had single cotton plants inoculated with 5,000 eggs/J2 of M. incognita and were assessed at 120 days after inoculation considering the variables gall index, egg mass index, total eggs, and reproduction factor. The same genotypes tested under greenhouse conditions were also grown in a field infested with M. incognita race 3 in a randomized block design with 10 replicates. In the field, the M. incognita population was monitored by the quantification of J2 forms in soil samples collected before sowing, 60 days after sowing (DAS), and 120 DAS. A gall index score was used to evaluate the roots of cotton genotypes at 120 DAS. The isolate from Umuarama was the most aggressive, followed by Moreira Sales and Iporã. The genotypes CD 05-419, CD 05-945, CD 05-1087, and CD 05-1170 showed resistance against M. incognita race 3 under greenhouse and field conditions

A cultura da mandioquinha-salsa e sua relação com os fungos micorrízicos.

A cultura da mandioquinha-salsa. Benefícios dos fungos micorrízicos arbusculares. Interações solo - micorrizas arbusculares. Possibilidade de relações entre a mandioquinha-salsa e os fungos micorrízicos arbusculares.bitstream/CNPAB-2010/32101/1/doc180.pd

Strategies for the management of the marine shoreline in the orla araranguá project (Santa Catarina, Brazil)

The Orla Project is a tool of the Brazilian Coastal Management resultant of joint action between the Environment Ministry and the Planning Ministry. This project articulates the three spheres of the government (federal, state, and municipal) and society. Its actions seek the management of the coastal spaces, approaching the environmental and heritage politics. The construction of a Plan for the Integrated Management of the Coastline occurs through workshops with the development of methodologies of diagnosis construction, classification and formulation of scenarios. The classification of the coastline integrates the strategic planning, which will subsidize the decision making process to reach the desired scenarios. Araranguá municipality started its workshops in October 2014, with lectures and discussions between technicians from the federal and state governments, and coordination by the municipal government. During the project period, a field day and more than 40 workshops were developed, which had the participation of the community and public managers. As a result of the workshops, the coastline was sectored by its landscape, typology (exposed, semi-exposed, and sheltered), and levels of occupation in five sectors (S1 to S5). The project identified 40 problems in the area, some recurrent in all sectors and a few specific of some places. In order to solve these problems, 80 actions and measures with different priorities were defined. From the workshops of the Orla Project, it was possible to identify the need to create rules for the use of Araranguá coastline, thus enabling its conservation and helping its sustainable development

Generation of a reference transcriptome for evaluating rainbow trout responses to various stressors

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Fish under intensive culture conditions are exposed to a variety of acute and chronic stressors, including high rearing densities, sub-optimal water quality, and severe thermal fluctuations. Such stressors are inherent in aquaculture production and can induce physiological responses with adverse effects on traits important to producers and consumers, including those associated with growth, nutrition, reproduction, immune response, and fillet quality. Understanding and monitoring the biological mechanisms underlying stress responses will facilitate alleviating their negative effects through selective breeding and changes in management practices, resulting in improved animal welfare and production efficiency.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Physiological responses to five treatments associated with stress were characterized by measuring plasma lysozyme activity, glucose, lactate, chloride, and cortisol concentrations, in addition to stress-associated transcripts by quantitative PCR. Results indicate that the fish had significant stressor-specific changes in their physiological conditions. Sequencing of a pooled normalized transcriptome library created from gill, brain, liver, spleen, kidney and muscle RNA of control and stressed fish produced 3,160,306 expressed sequence tags which were assembled and annotated. SNP discovery resulted in identification of ~58,000 putative single nucleotide polymorphisms including 24,479 which were predicted to fall within exons. Of these, 4907 were predicted to occupy the first position of a codon and 4110 the second, increasing the probability to impact amino acid sequence variation and potentially gene function.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We have generated and characterized a reference transcriptome for rainbow trout that represents multiple tissues responding to multiple stressors common to aquaculture production environments. This resource compliments existing public transcriptome data and will facilitate approaches aiming to evaluate gene expression associated with stress in this species.</p

Habitat-Specific Morphological Variation among Threespine Sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) within a Drainage Basin

Habitat-specific morphological variation, often corresponding to resource specialization, is well documented in freshwater fishes. In this study we used landmark based morphometric analyses to investigate morphological variation among threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) from four interconnected habitat types within a single lowland drainage basin in eastern England. These included the upper and lower reaches of the river, the estuary, a connected ditch network and a coastal salt marsh. We found significant habitat-specific differences in morphology, with three axes of variation describing differences in orbit diameter, body depth, caudal peduncle shape and pectoral fin positioning as well as variation in relative dorsal and pelvic spine size. Interestingly, the ditch system, an artificial and heavily managed habitat, is populated by sticklebacks with a characteristic morphology, suggesting that human management of habitats can in some circumstances lead to morphological variation among the animals that inhabit them. We discuss the mechanisms that conceivably underlie the observed morphological variation and the further work necessary to identify them. Finally, we consider the implications of habitat-specific body shape variation for the behavioural ecology of this ecologically generalist species