New pre-coded food record form validation

Introduction: For some research fields, simple and accurate food intake quantification tools are needed. The aim of the present work was to design a new self-administered and pre-coded food intake record form and assess its reliability and validity when quantifying the food intake of adult population, in terms of food or food-groups portions. Material and Methods: First of all, a new food-record form was designed, which included food usually consumed and which sought to be easy-to-use, short, and intuitive. The validation process consisted in analyzing both the reliability and validity of the tool’s design in a representative population sample (n=330; age: 19-77). Reliability was checked by comparing (Spearman’s CC, ICC) food intake (mean value of portions) between two series of five-day food records in a one-month period. Validity was checked by comparing the food intake mean value of two records to results obtained from a gold standard (24-hour recall). Results: 73.7% of the food from the record presented correlations higher than 0.5 for reliability (ICCs from 0.38 to 0.94) and 97.4% showed higher values than 0.7 and 68.4% than 0.8 for validity (ICCs from 0.28 to 0.97). Conclusions: The solid correlation coefficients and ICCs obtained indicate that this is a reliable tool for the quantification of food intake in adults in terms of food or food group portions

Validación de un nuevo registro alimentario precodificado

Introduction: For some research fields, simple and accurate food intake quantification tools are needed. The aim of the present work was to design a new self-administered and pre-coded food intake record form and assess its reliability and validity when quantifying the food intake of adult population, in terms of food or food-groups portions.Material and Methods: First of all, a new food-record form was designed, which included food usually consumed and which sought to be easy-to-use, short, and intuitive. The validation process consisted in analyzing both the reliability and validity of the tool’s design in a representative population sample (n=330; age: 19-77). Reliability was checked by comparing (Spearman’s CC, ICC) food intake (mean value of portions) between two series of five-day food records in a one-month period. Validity was checked by comparing the food intake mean value of two records to results obtained from a gold standard (24-hour recall).Results: 73.7% of the food from the record presented correlations higher than 0.5 for reliability (ICCs from 0.38 to 0.94) and 97.4% showed higher values than 0.7 and 68.4% than 0.8 for validity (ICCs from 0.28 to 0.97).Conclusions: The solid correlation coefficients and ICCs obtained indicate that this is a reliable tool for the quantification of food intake in adults in terms of food or food group portions.Introducción: Para algunos campos de investigación se precisan herramientas de cuantificación de la ingesta alimentaria sencillas y precisas. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue diseñar un nuevo registro de ingesta de alimentos auto administrado y pre-codificado así como evaluar su fiabilidad y validez para cuantificar la ingesta de alimentos de la población adulta, en términos de porciones bien de alimentos o bien de grupos de alimentos.Material y Métodos: Se diseñó el nuevo registro que incluía alimentos consumidos habitualmente y que debía ser fácil de usar, breve e intuitivo. El proceso de validación consistió en analizar tanto la fiabilidad y la validez de la herramienta en una muestra representativa de la población (n=330; edad 19-77 años). La fiabilidad se comprobó mediante la comparación (CC de Spearman, CCI) de la ingesta (media de raciones estándar) de alimentos entre dos series de registros de cinco días en un período de un mes. La validez se comprobó mediante la comparación de la ingesta de alimentos el valor medio de dos registros con los resultados obtenidos a partir de un gold standard (recordatorio de 24 horas).Resultados: El 73,7% de los alimentos del registro presentó correlaciones superiores a 0,5 para la fiabilidad (CCI de 0,38 a 0,94) y el 97,4% presentó valores superiores a 0,7 y el 68,4% superiores a 0,8 para la validez (CCI de 0,28 a 0,97).Conclusiones: Los sólidos coeficientes de correlación e ICC obtenidos indican que el nuevo registro es una herramienta fiable para la cuantificación de la ingesta de alimentos en adultos en términos de raciones de alimentos o grupos de alimentos

Dietary polyphenols as antidiabetic agents: Advances and opportunities

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Association of lifestyle factors and inflammation with sarcopenic obesity: data from the PREDIMED‐Plus trial

Background: Sarcopenia is a progressive age-related skeletal muscle disorder associated with increased likelihood of adverse outcomes. Muscle wasting is often accompanied by an increase in body fat, leading to ‘sarcopenic obesity’. The aim of the present study was to analyse the association of lifestyle variables such as diet, dietary components, physical activity (PA), body composition, and inflammatory markers, with the risk of sarcopenic obesity. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis based on baseline data from the PREDIMED-Plus study was performed. A total of 1535 participants (48% women) with overweight/obesity (body mass index: 32.5 ± 3.3 kg/m2; age: 65.2 ± 4.9 years old) and metabolic syndrome were categorized according to sex-specific tertiles (T) of the sarcopenic index (SI) as assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanning. Anthropometrical measurements, biochemical markers, dietary intake, and PA information were collected. Linear regression analyses were carried out to evaluate the association between variables. Results: Subjects in the first SI tertile were older, less physically active, showed higher frequency of abdominal obesity and diabetes, and consumed higher saturated fat and less vitamin C than subjects from the other two tertiles (all P < 0.05). Multiple adjusted linear regression models evidenced significant positive associations across tertiles of SI with adherence to the Mediterranean dietary score (P-trend < 0.05), PA (P-trend < 0.0001), and the 30 s chair stand test (P-trend < 0.0001), whereas significant negative associations were found with an inadequate vitamin C consumption (P-trend < 0.05), visceral fat and leucocyte count (all P-trend < 0.0001), and some white cell subtypes (neutrophils and monocytes), neutrophil-tolymphocyte ratio, and platelet count (all P-trend < 0.05). When models were additionally adjusted by potential mediators (inflammatory markers, diabetes, and waist circumference), no relevant changes were observed, only dietary variables lost significance

Association of lifestyle factors and inflammation with sarcopenic obesity : data from the PREDIMED-Plus trial

Background: Sarcopenia is a progressive age-related skeletal muscle disorder associated with increased likelihood of adverse outcomes. Muscle wasting is often accompanied by an increase in body fat, leading to 'sarcopenic obesity'. The aim of the present study was to analyse the association of lifestyle variables such as diet, dietary components, physical activity (PA), body composition, and inflammatory markers, with the risk of sarcopenic obesity. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis based on baseline data from the PREDIMED-Plus study was performed. A total of 1535 participants (48% women) with overweight/obesity (body mass index: 32.5 ± 3.3 kg/m; age: 65.2 ± 4.9 years old) and metabolic syndrome were categorized according to sex-specific tertiles (T) of the sarcopenic index (SI) as assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanning. Anthropometrical measurements, biochemical markers, dietary intake, and PA information were collected. Linear regression analyses were carried out to evaluate the association between variables. Results: Subjects in the first SI tertile were older, less physically active, showed higher frequency of abdominal obesity and diabetes, and consumed higher saturated fat and less vitamin C than subjects from the other two tertiles (all P < 0.05). Multiple adjusted linear regression models evidenced significant positive associations across tertiles of SI with adherence to the Mediterranean dietary score (P-trend < 0.05), PA (P-trend < 0.0001), and the 30 s chair stand test (P-trend < 0.0001), whereas significant negative associations were found with an inadequate vitamin C consumption (P-trend < 0.05), visceral fat and leucocyte count (all P-trend < 0.0001), and some white cell subtypes (neutrophils and monocytes), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet count (all P-trend < 0.05). When models were additionally adjusted by potential mediators (inflammatory markers, diabetes, and waist circumference), no relevant changes were observed, only dietary variables lost significance. Conclusions: Diet and PA are important regulatory mediators of systemic inflammation, which is directly involved in the sarcopenic process. A healthy dietary pattern combined with exercise is a promising strategy to limit age-related sarcopenia

"Abordaje multidisciplinar y difusión social de un problema sanitario"

La Universidad, como institución académica de enseñanza superior e investigación, debe ser capaz de formar profesionales competentes en diferentes ámbitos de aplicación, preparados para afrontar problemas complejos que requieran un abordaje multidisciplinar. Así mismo, el conocimiento adquirido durante la fase de formación universitaria debe transmitirse de una forma clara y comprensible a la sociedad. En este sentido, las redes sociales pueden representar una interesante herramienta de divulgación para mejorar la comunicación y el acercamiento entre la universidad y la sociedad. Este trabajo planteó un escenario complejo dentro del ámbito sanitario, como es el aumento en la aparición de resistencias a los antibióticos, para que los equipos multidisciplinares formados por alumnado de distintos grados lo trabajasen desarrollando las competencias transversales y específicas de cada grado, estableciendo de esta manera sinergias de colaboración. Posteriormente, se desarrolló un blog en el aula, donde los diferentes equipos de trabajo multidisciplinar reflejaban sus soluciones a los escenarios planteados, utilizando un lenguaje divulgativo para acercar su conocimiento a la sociedad preocupada por el uso adecuado de los antibióticos. De esta manera, mediante la utilización de metodologías activas, el alumnado tomó conciencia de la importancia del trabajo multidisciplinar, así como de la difusión del conocimiento adquirido

Immunomodulatory effect of a very-low-calorie ketogenic diet compared with bariatric surgery and a low-calorie diet in patients with excessive body weight

Background & aim: Inflammation and oxidative stress are the most probable mechanistic link between obesity and its co-diseases with cancer among them. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the nutritional ketosis and weight loss induced by a very-low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) modulates the inflammatory and oxidative stress profile, compared with a standard, balanced hypocaloric diet (LCD) or bariatric surgery (BS) in patients with obesity. Methods: The study was performed in 79 patients with overweight or obesity and 32 normal-weight volunteers as the control group. Patients with obesity underwent a weight reduction therapy based on VLCKD, LCD or BS. The quantification of the circulating levels of a multiplexing test of cytokines and carcinogenesis/aging biomarkers, as well as of lipid peroxides and total antioxidant power, was carried out. Results:First, we observed that pro-inflammatory cytokines increase, while anti-inflammatory cytokines decrease under excessive body weight. Relevantly, when patients underwent weight loss strategies, it was shown that energy-restricted and surgical strategies of weight loss induced changes in circulating cytokine and lipid peroxides. This effect was more notable in patients following the VLCKD than the LCD or BS and it was observed mainly in the ketosis phase of the intervention. Particularly, IL-11, IL-12, IL-2, INF-γ, INF-β, Pentraxin-3 or MMP1 changed after VLCKD. Whereas, APRIL, TWEAK, osteocalcin and IL-28A increased after BS. Conclusion: As far as we know, this is the first study that evaluate the time-course of cytokines and oxidative stress markers after a VLCKD as compared with a standard LCD and BS. The observed results support the immunomodulatory effect of nutritional ketosis induced by a VLCKD synergistically with weight loss as a strategy to improve innate-immunity and to prevent infections and carcinogenesis in patients with obesityS

Polyphenol Levels Are Inversely Correlated with Body Weight and Obesity in an Elderly Population after 5 Years of Follow Up (The Randomised PREDIMED Study)

Overweight and obesity have been steadily increasing in recent years and currently represent a serious threat to public health. Few human studies have investigated the relationship between polyphenol intake and body weight. Our aim was to assess the relationship between urinary polyphenol levels and body weight. A cross-sectional study was performed with 573 participants from the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) trial (ISRCTN35739639). Total polyphenol levels were measured by a reliable biomarker, total urinary polyphenol excretion (TPE), determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method in urine samples. Participants were categorized into five groups according to their TPE at the fifth year. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess the relationships between TPE and obesity parameters; body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). After a five years follow up, significant inverse correlations were observed between TPE at the 5th year and BW (β = −1.004; 95% CI: −1.634 to −0.375, p = 0.002), BMI (β = −0.320; 95% CI: −0.541 to −0.098, p = 0.005), WC (β = −0.742; 95% CI: −1.326 to −0.158, p = 0.013), and WHtR (β = −0.408; 95% CI: −0.788 to −0.028, p = 0.036) after adjustments for potential confounders. To conclude, a greater polyphenol intake may thus contribute to reducing body weight in elderly people at high cardiovascular risk

Dietary Inflammatory Index and liver status in subjects with different adiposity levels within the PREDIMED trial

BACKGROUND & AIMS: To assess the possible association between a validated Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and specific dietary components with suitable non-invasive markers of liver status in overweight and obese subjects within the PREDIMED study. METHODS: A cross-sectional study encompassing 794 randomized overweight and obese participants (mean ± SD age: 67.0 ± 5.0 y, 55% females) from the PREDIMED (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea) trial was conducted. DII is a validated tool evaluating the effect of diet on six inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1b, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and C-reactive protein). Furthermore, a validated 137-item food-frequency-questionnaire was used to obtain the information about the food intake. In addition, anthropometric measurements and several non-invasive markers of liver status were assessed and the Fatty Liver Index (FLI) score was calculated. RESULTS: A higher DII and lower adherence to Mediterranean diet (MeDiet) were associated with a higher degree of liver damage (FLI > 60) in obese as compared to overweight participants. Furthermore, the DII score was positively associated with relevant non-invasive liver markers (ALT, AST, GGT and FLI) and directly affected FLI values. Interestingly, a positive correlation was observed between liver damage (>50th percentile FLI) and nutrients and foods linked to a pro-inflammatory dietary pattern. CONCLUSIONS: This study reinforced the concept that obesity is associated with liver damage and revealed that the consumption of a pro-inflammatory dietary pattern might contribute to obesity and fatty liver disease features. These data suggest that a well-designed precision diet including putative anti-inflammatory components could specifically prevent and ameliorate non-alcoholic fatty liver manifestations in addition to obesity