An educational proposal to face the challenges of the european higher education area: international service learning experience in medicine and education of the University of Malaga, Spain

Higher Education need to be paced to world and society evolution and to technology and scientific advances. Specifically in Europe, in the last years, we had to adapt the curricula to the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). We have reached a high level of scientific and technycal competences but we detect, some lacks of time and tools to developed all the transversal competences and skills of the professionals profile that are demand by the present society in which exists glaring gaps and inequities, in particular in health, that need a responsable answer/action. Actually a “redesign of professional health education is necessary and timely, in view of the opportunities for mutual learning and joint solutions offered by global interdependence due to acceleration of flows of knowledge, techologies, and financing across borders and the migration of both professionals and patients” (Frenk et al 2010, Lancet). In the educational panorama, it has been possible to expand the training of future teachers in one year, the reduction of the number of students for groups to provide a more individualized teaching and the slight increase of the time of practicum. It is required to implemented an sostainable innovation in medical education to evolve a high quality medicine in all the areas and competences needed. Likewise, it seems necessary that student-teachers known spaces that are not properly school-based and have experiences in contexts of either informal education or with marginal groups outside of the standardized schooling. International Service Learning (ISL) has provided health professional students and tearches-students the opportunity to provide healthcare and education under the direction of trained faculty, to underserved populations in developing countries (Seifer SD et al1998. Acad Med). Objective: To verify the usefulness of SL experience as an educational methodology in higher education in order to support or not the modification of the current contents of the medical and education curricula and design new subjects based on SL in Malaga University. Methods We designed a cooperation project with The NGO’s ACOES-Honduras and Fe y Alegría-Perú to develop a training experience for students of Medicine and Education. This study is based on the qualitative analysis of the final reports of 16 participants, in which they described their personal and professional experiences. To verify the academic results, the competences of the curriculum have been checked in the sections of the practicum in Education, or the specific ones for Pharmacology in Medicine. In this summary appeared some of them as an example. There are no specifications of names or places of any of the countries or names or references of adults or children. Results In Education six competences (between sixteen) have been pointed out that are enhanced by the context variables in both the organizational and the cultural aspects. In one hand, school functioning may be very similar throughout the world, but the connections between family and the education centre, relationships with students, the influence of the family and the family home, etc., are very different between the experience of the Students with an European lifestyle linked to the "welfare state", consumption, street safety, etc., and rural life and the economic and cultural situation of destinations. Related to the analysis of the medical curricula, it was focused on 27 transversal and 19 specific competences that covered areas of practice and others related to Pharmacology. In the case of transversal competences, around 70% were covered in the activities carried out. Specific competences were covered up to 75%. Volunteer narratives provided an image of the experience that shows the effectiveness of this type of program, both in increasing sensitivity and attention to diversity and in the implementation of "theoretical" training, and the original response to unforeseen situations. Conclusions SL was found to be an effective method to acquire personal and professional competences and skills in the area of pharmacology demand by our present society. Hence we will suggest this methodology in the design of a new subject: “Pharmacotherapeutics in disadvantaged environments”. Most, if not all, of the general views on experience valued those working months with people and marginal contexts very positively. Personal and professional learning is valued as meaningful and profound, affecting the way of understanding the world and its profession: As I tell all my relatives, friends and colleagues "This experience can not be tell you can only live it." (Student)Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Transitional justice, criminal prosecution and amnesties

Este artículo aborda la tensión entre la persecución penal de las graves violaciones de los derechos humanos y las amnistías en el ámbito de la justicia transicional. En los últimos años ha habido una importante actividad de la comunidad internacional en la lucha contra la impunidad y la defensa de los derechos de las víctimas de graves violaciones de los derechos humanos que parecen haber cambiado la percepción sobre las amnistías y favorecer en todo caso la persecución penal. Por supuesto, los argumentos para justificar dicha persecución penal son convincentes, pero la intención de este artículo es explorar algunos argumentos que, no obstante, aportarían buenas razones para justificar cierto tipo de amnistías que podrían considerarse conformes con la legalidad internacional bajo el cumplimiento de ciertas condiciones y limitaciones.This articles deals with the tension between criminal prosecution of grave breaches of human rights and amnesties in the field of transitional justice. In recent years, there have been a very important activity in the international community on the fight against impunity and the defense of victims’ rights that seems to have changed the perception on amnesties favoring criminal prosecution in every case. Of couse, arguments to justify such criminal prosecution are convincing, but the intention of the author in this article is to explore some arguments that would provide good reasons to justify certain types of amnesties possibly considered in accordance to international law under the fulfillment of certain conditions and limitations

El sistema jurídico como un sistema normativo mixto. La importancia de los contenidos materiales en la validez jurídica [book review]

Este artículo reseña: Patricia Cuenca Gómez, El sistema jurídico como un sistema normativo mixto. La importancia de los contenidos materiales en la validez jurídica, Dykinson, Colección “Derechos Humanos y Filosofía del Derecho”, Madrid, 2008, 614 pp

Hegemony at the Margins: Nationalism, Mapping, and State Formation Along the Guatemala-Mexico Border in 1970

Borders are oftentimes perceived as byproducts of nation-state formation; as peripheral geographies that are fixed and subject to distant negotiations of power. Among other things, such understanding inhibits a conception of borders as autonomous spaces, shaped by local, regional, national, and transnational forces. More importantly, such understandings fail to question the existence and contingency of borders. This thesis investigates the Guatemala-Mexico border in 1970 to understand its role in the building of nation and state during tumultuous political, social, and economic change in both nations. In a time when state hegemony was severely challenged, the border played a central role in exposing the contradictions of nation and state construction. By engaging with archival documents, I delineate state efforts to control space—and assert hegemony—and how consensus was built during a time of fractured state hegemony, both in Mexico and Guatemala

Main factors influencing ecosystem restoration outcomes: a global qualitative meta-analysis

43 p.Ecosystem restoration (ER) has been proven useful to help reversing ecosystem degradation caused by human activities and its consequent loss of biodiversity. However, its current efficiency is limited, and it is not meeting the initial expectations. In order to know what is defining this limited performance, the main goal of this study is to know the main elements hampering and improving the outcomes of ER. For this purpose, we performed a global qualitative meta-analysis of 131 reviews on ER in all types of ecosystems. From the reviews, we extracted 579 qualitative variables subsequently categorized into 25 factors to which a weight value was assigned. These factors cover different aspects like policy, economy, society, practice and science. We concluded that the choice of restoration techniques, the performance assessment and evaluation, and the temporal scale of the restoration project were the factors with highest influence on ER results. We also highlighted the need of deeper scientific research on more complex ecological attributes as a crucial element to tackle several factors. With these results, we provide guidelines to improve the performance of current ER from a local (practice) to a global (international strategies) scales.La restauración de ecosistemas (RE) se ha probado útil para ayudar a revertir la degradación de ecosistemas causada por la actividad humana y su consecuente pérdida de biodiversidad. Sin embargo, su actual eficiencia es limitada y no está cumpliendo con las expectativas iniciales. Para saber qué define estas limitaciones, el principal objetivo de este estudio es conocer los principales elementos que están obstaculizando y mejorando los resultados de la RE. Con este propósito, llevamos a cabo un meta-análisis cualitativo global de 131 revisiones sobre la RE en todo tipo de ecosistemas. De las revisiones, extrajimos 579 variables cualitativas posteriormente categorizadas en 25 factores a los cuales se les asignó un peso. Estos factores cubren diferentes aspectos de la RE como la política, la economía, la sociedad, la práctica y la ciencia. Concluimos que la elección de las técnicas de restauración, la evaluación de la actuación y la escala temporal del proyecto de restauración fueron los factores con la mayor influencia en los resultados de la RE. También reseñamos la necesidad de profundizar en el estudio de atributos ecológicos más complejos como elemento crucial para abordar diferentes factores. Con estos resultados, proveemos una guía para mejorar la actuación de la RE desde la escala local (práctica) hasta la global (estrategias internacionales).Máster Universitario en Restauración de Ecosistema

G.LD. (1995).Los recursos para la incorporación social de personas con problemas de drogodependencias.

Sin resume

Complemento de VirusTotal para Maltego

Maltego is an open-source intelligence (OSINT) and graphical link analysis tool for gathering and connecting information for investigative tasks. Being a general-purpose tool, this master’s thesis aims to its application to malware investigation. Maltego uses “transforms” to define relationships. With the goal of expanding the relationships offered by Maltego, we propose using the library “Maltego-TRX” to define transforms that include the relationships available in VirusTotal. VirusTotal is an online tool that inspects files, domains, and URLs with antivirus scanners and blacklisting services in addition to different tools for signal extraction. The information available at VirusTotal can be visualized using VirusTotal Graph, which is of great utility for malware analysis, however, it does not offer all of the features Maltego includes. In addition, we suggest the option of importing the graphs created in VirusTotal graph into Maltego in a transparent way for the user. With these improvements, the use of Maltego can be extended to malware analysis in a clearer way, given that VirusTotal data will be included in Maltego with the specific interpretation malware analysis requires

A deep reinforcement learning approach to multistage stochastic network flows for distribution problems

Proyecto de Graduación (Maestría en Computación) Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Escuela de Ingeniería en Computación, 2022.Distribution networks are a crucial part of supply chains that often entail highly complex optimization problems. An NP-hard example is minimizing the longterm transportation cost of multiple kinds of goods over a time horizon from suppliers to customers, considering order consolidation restrictions for shipments and demand uncertainty. This work presents a novel instance of such a distribution problem called the Shipping Point Assignment (SPA) problem, formulated as a multistage stochastic multicommodity network flows problem with additional nonlinear constraints, where the decision is to which warehouse to assign to the delivery of incoming orders to minimize inventory movements. Inspired by recent advances in combinatorial optimization using reinforcement learning and graph neural networks, we propose a deep Q learning agent with a GCN-based Value Function Approximator. We compare this agent with MLP-based, deterministic and greedy approaches over different simulations scenarios of the SPA problem. While the results do not suggest that the deep Q learning agent finds better policies than the reference agents, interesting avenues of future research were identified to enable reinforcement learning agents to learn from stochastic optimization problems with a graph structure.Las redes de distribuci´on son una parte crucial de las cadenas de suministro que frecuentemente implican problemas de optimizaci´on altamente complejos. Un ejemplo NP-duro es minimizar el costo de transporte al largo plazo de multiples tipos de bienes en un horizonte de tiempo, de proveedores a clientes, considerando restricciones de consolidaci´on de embarques para las ´ordenes y la incertidumbre de la demanda. Este trabajo presenta una instancia novedosa de este problema de distribuci´on, llamado el problema Shipping Point Assignment (SPA), formulado como un problema de flujos de redes multimercanc´ıa estoc´astico multietapa con restricciones no lineales adicionales, donde la decisi ´on es a qu´e almac´en asignar la entrega de ´ordenes entrantes para minimizar movimientos de inventario. Inspirados por avances en optimizaci´on combinatoria con aprendizaje por refuerzo y redes neuronales de grafos, proponemos un agente de deep Q learning con una funci´on de aproximaci´on de valor basada en GCN. Comparamos este agente con alternativas basadas en MLP, deterministicas y greedy en diferences escenarios de simulaci´on del problema SPA. A pesar de que los resultados no sugieren que el agente de deep Q learning encontrara mejores pol´ıticas que los agentes de referencia, interesantes avenidas de investigaci ´on futuras fueron identificadas para abilitar que agentes de aprendizaje por refuerzo aprendan de problemas de optimizaci´on estoc´astica con estructura de grafo

Roma community: the persistence of historical discrimination

A partir de un exhaustivo análisis de los estudios disponibles sobre la discriminación sufrida por la comunidad gitana, se realiza una revisión en cuanto a su incidencia y evolución, para establecer una comparación respecto a la sufrida por otros grupos sociales, definir los ámbitos en los que más se produce y analizar el perfil de la población potencialmente discriminadora. A partir de las conclusiones de las diferentes áreas analizadas, se avanzan algunas propuestas sobre las líneas prioritarias de intervención en la promoción de la igualdad y la lucha contra la discriminación.In order to analyze the degree of incidence of discrimination in the Roma community we have used different approaches. We have examined the attitudes in the society towards Roma people. We subsequently analyzed the self-perception of discrimination existing in the Roma community. And we finally delved into the available data on cases of discrimination suffered by this community. From the conclusions of different areas, we propose some priority lines of intervention to advance in promoting equality and fighting against discrimination