Electronic and magnetic properties of two dimensional on-surface organic systems

The field of molecule-based technology has developed in parallel with nanotechnology over the past decades. However, these systems can offer their own unique functional properties for prospective applications, compared to more traditional, hard condensed matter-based nanotechnologies. This is due to the small size, low cost, and structural perfection that molecules have to offer. The essence of their properties goes beyond classical physics, due to their quantum nature. This fact makes molecule systems as equally fascinating from a physics perspective as they are for their potential use in new device industries. Surface and interface science is an active, interdisciplinary field with applications in chemistry and physics such as heterogeneous catalysis, energy conversion semiconductor and molecular electronics, organic spintronics and quantum magnetism, in particular at the organic-inorganic interface. In these nanoscale systems chemical bonding, electronic charge transfer and magnetic interactions at the interfaces play a fundamental role, and many of these effects are intimately coupled to the atomic structure. Thus knowledge of their structures on atomic scale is essential for the understanding of the underlying physics and for the development and performance of theoretical calculations. Complex self-assembled molecular layers on substrates with engineered architectures and tailored properties, are expected to play an important role in the miniaturization and development of future devices at the nanoscale. The work presented in this thesis addresses the electronic properties of self-assembled metal-organic on-surface networks confining the surface electrons, and a deeper understanding of the tuning of the electronic and magnetic properties of molecular adsorbates across those networks. The research is aimed at studying the interaction between the molecular adsorbates and the quantum confinement. This knowledge is essential e.g. for the development of organic molecule-based devices. In summary, the strength of this thesis lies in the provision of a systematic and comprehensive investigation of the interaction and surface-driven modifications of supported metal-organic complexes on noble metal surfaces, new insight into site-specific electronic and magnetic properties of confined and delocalized surface states with specifically chosen molecular adsorbates. By varying the metal center of organic adsorbates, one can change the density and distribution of the valence electrons in the metal center of the molecule. In other words, the original properties of the complex and the electronic and magnetic properties of the adsorbates are modified due to the presence or absence of the quantum confinement. The realization that the electronic and magnetic properties of the transition metal organic compound can be tailored selectively has created a large diversity of possible applications for these complexes. This includes the creation of exploratory single molecular data storage devices, the replacement of traditional semiconductor electronics by molecular electronics in supramolecular architectures, in magnetochemical sensors or as a means to control and fine tune the magnetic properties of complex architectures in spintronic devices, as well as other applications. The ultimate achievement of this thesis is its contribution to the understanding of the precise mechanisms of confinement-adsorbate interaction. The work presented here provides a solid foundation towards improvement in the development of smart design of structures consisting of just few individual molecules and directly visualizing electron scattering and confinement

ТЕАТРАЛЬНІСТЬ ЯК ЕЛЕМЕНТ ХУДОЖНЬОЇ СТРУКТУРИ ВОКАЛЬНОГО ВИКОНАВСТВА

The purpose of the article. The primary purpose of this study is the intention of disclosing theatricality as one of the main elements of the artistic structure of the vocal variety. The mentioned fact determines the relevance of the integrated approach in the theoretical works devoted to this problematic. The methodology is multilevel. It includes both the philosophical level of music studies, formal logical methods, and specific approaches at the crossroads of cultural studies, aesthetics, musicology, pedagogy and theatrical art. Especially unique are complex and system processes. The scientific novelty of this work is justified through the output of this study on the need for synthesis in the various performance of not only vocal skill but also the plastic aspect, which is embodied in the form of the theatrical variety. A particular issue, therefore, is the answer to the challenge of new requirements for variety performance, due, among other things, to the development of media. Conclusions. On the integrity of the variety, the act should be said when the essential principle is observed for all genres of variety art – the created work of various art should be based on such expressive means that belong exclusively to a particular variety genre. The theatricality of variety performance follows from the specific structure of the act: it has a short string (the beginning), which should immediately impress the audience and a quick transition to the next parts of the performance. Locality and mobility are the features that best and most accurately characterize variety expressiveness.Цель работы ‒ раскрытие театральности как одного из основных элементов художественной структуры вокального эстрадного номера. Этим обусловливается также актуальность применения в теоретических трудах, посвященных данной проблематике, комплексного подхода. Методология исследования является многоуровневой. Она включает как философский уровень музыковедческих работ, формальные логические методы, так и специфические подходы на пересечении культурологии, эстетики, музыковедения, педагогики и сценического искусства. Существенный вес принадлежит комплексному и системному методам. Научная новизна работы обосновывается через выход данного исследования на необходимость синтеза в эстрадном исполнительстве не только вокального мастерства, но и пластического аспекта, который воплощается в виде театральности эстрадного номера. Это, следовательно, является ответом на вызов новых требований к эстрадному исполнительству, обусловленных, в том числе, развитием медиа средств. Выводы. О целостности эстрадного номера следует говорить тогда, когда соблюдается важнейший принцип для всех жанров эстрады – создаваемый произведение должно опираться на такие выразительные средства, которые принадлежат исключительно конкретному эстрадному жанру. Театральность эстрадного исполнительства вытекает из специфической структуры номера: он имеет короткую завязку (начало), который должен сразу произвести впечатление на зрителей, и быстрый переход к следующим частям выступления. Локальность и мобильность – это черты, которые лучше и наиболее точно характеризуют эстрадную выразительность.Мета роботи ‒ розкриття театральності як одного з основних елементів художньої структури вокального естрадного номеру. Методологія дослідження є багаторівневою. Вона включає як філософський рівень музикознавчої розвідки, формальні логічні методи, так і специфічні методи на перетині культурології, естетики, музикознавства, педагогіки та сценічного мистецтва. Істотна вага належить комплексному та системному методам. Наукова новизна роботи обґрунтовується через вихід даного дослідження на необхідність синтезу в естрадному виконавстві не лише вокальної майстерності, але й пластичного аспекту, що втілюється у вигляді театральності естрадного номеру. Це, відтак, є відповіддю на виклик нових вимог до естрадного виконавства, зумовлених в тому числі розвитком медіа засобів. Висновки. Про цілісність естрадного номера слід говорити тоді, коли дотримується найважливіший принцип для всіх жанрів естради – створюваний твір має спиратися на такі виразні засоби, які належать виключно до конкретного естрадного жанру. Театральність естрадного виконавства витікає зі специфічної структури номера: він має коротку зав’язку (початок), який має відразу справити враження на глядачів, та швидкий перехід до наступних частин виступу. Локальність та мобільність – це риси, які найкраще та найбільш точно характеризують естрадну виразність

ABORDAGENS METODOLÓGICAS PARA ESTIMULAR A ATIVIDADE INOVADORA

The article clarifies the principles of innovation management, taking into account participatory management as a new approach to project management. Based on an assessment of the current state and trends in the country's socio-economic development in the conditions of an innovative economy, a conceptual model for the formation and assessment of socio-economic development priorities has been developed. The conceptual provisions of the new paradigm of socio-economic development are revealed and justified. A set of theoretical provisions and practical tools for assessing the impact of innovative projects has been developed. The criticality of stakeholders in the management of innovation activities has been determined and assessed. A methodology and methods have been developed for integrating the management of innovation activities into the management system. A method is proposed for taking into account the influence of mutual risks and assessing changes in the cost part of the project taking into account risks based on determining the factors of interaction of innovative projects.O artigo esclarece os princípios da gestão da inovação, considerando a gestão participativa como uma nova abordagem à gestão de projetos. Com base numa avaliação do estado actual e das tendências do desenvolvimento socioeconómico do país nas condições de uma economia inovadora, foi desenvolvido um modelo conceptual para a formação e avaliação das prioridades de desenvolvimento socioeconómico. As disposições conceituais do novo paradigma de desenvolvimento socioeconômico são reveladas e justificadas. Foi desenvolvido um conjunto de disposições teóricas e ferramentas práticas para avaliar o impacto de projetos inovadores. A criticidade das partes interessadas na gestão das atividades de inovação foi determinada e avaliada. Foram desenvolvidas uma metodologia e métodos para integrar a gestão das atividades de inovação no sistema de gestão. É proposto um método para levar em conta a influência dos riscos mútuos e avaliar as mudanças na parte de custos do projeto, levando em consideração os riscos com base na determinação dos fatores de interação de projetos inovadores

Building a Model of Long-Term Forecasting of the Natural Gas Production in Ukraine for Managerial Decision-Making

The article analyzes the dynamics of the natural gas production in Ukraine for 2009–2018, carries out a fractal analysis of the time series of the natural gas production indicators. The mathematical model of the natural gas production in Ukraine is developed taking into view the temporarily occupied territories of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Sevastopol and parts of the territories in Donetsk and Luhansk regions (with introduction of the correction coefficient). The long-term forecast of the natural gas production for 2019–2027 is accomplished using the Holt’s method – with the purpose of usage for managerial decision-making at all levels of power. The average absolute percentage error was 2,026%, which does not exceed 10%. This indicates a high accuracy of the forecast. The forecast of the natural gas production in Ukraine for 2019-2027, in the presence of the correction coefficient, is made without considering new investments and modern technologies. It is specified that in order to improve the natural gas production in Ukraine in 2019-2027, we need programs to support the development of the natural gas production at the State level; the State guarantees on projects, which envisage the introduction of new types of equipment and new low-waste, resource-saving technological processes used in the production of natural gas. Besides, it is necessary to create favorable investment climate that will attract funds of foreign investors from the world financial market for modernization of the natural gas industry in Ukraine

Humanization of Relationships between Teachers and Students in Educational Work

Studying tendencies in the transformation of the educational system, which are currently taking place in both primary and secondary schools around the world, revealed an urgent need for the further development of the humanization of education. The humanization of personally oriented relationships between teachers and students in the educational process of primary and secondary schools as the fundamental of the national education system and the environment for developing the younger generation is the most efficient way to strengthen the humanitarian component in the educational process, as shown by the evaluation of the current educational system. The purpose of the academic paper is to highlight the concept, components and main features of the process of humanizing the relationship between teachers and students in the process of educational activities, as well as clarifying the most effective directions for optimizing the humanization of relations between teachers and education seekers. Methodology. While conducting the research, the analytical and bibliographic method was used to study the scientific literature on humanizing relations in the learning process. At the same time, analysis, synthesis and generalization of information were applied to study and process data. By the way, the research authors also conducted a questionnaire in online mode to practically clarify the most important issues related to organizing educational work on the basis of its humanization. Results. Based on the research results, the primary and most significant theoretical aspects of the issue of the humanitarian approach to relations in the learning process were established. The standpoints of scientists, teachers and educational methodologists regarding the key aspects of this issue were investigated

Nanoscale imaging of He-ion irradiation effects on amorphous TaOx_x toward electroforming-free neuromorphic functions

Resistive switching in thin films has been widely studied in a broad range of materials. Yet the mechanisms behind electroresistive switching have been persistently difficult to decipher and control, in part due to their non-equilibrium nature. Here, we demonstrate new experimental approaches that can probe resistive switching phenomena, utilizing amorphous TaO$_x$ as a model material system. Specifically, we apply Scanning Microwave Impedance Microscopy (sMIM) and cathodoluminescence (CL) microscopy as direct probes of conductance and electronic structure, respectively. These methods provide direct evidence of the electronic state of TaO$_x$ despite its amorphous nature. For example CL identifies characteristic impurity levels in TaO$_x$, in agreement with first principles calculations. We applied these methods to investigate He-ion-beam irradiation as a path to activate conductivity of materials and enable electroforming-free control over resistive switching. However, we find that even though He-ions begin to modify the nature of bonds even at the lowest doses, the films conductive properties exhibit remarkable stability with large displacement damage and they are driven to metallic states only at the limit of structural decomposition. Finally, we show that electroforming in a nanoscale junction can be carried out with a dissipated power of < 20 nW, a much smaller value compared to earlier studies and one that minimizes irreversible structural modifications of the films. The multimodal approach described here provides a new framework toward the theory/experiment guided design and optimization of electroresistive materials

Self-Assembly and Magnetic Order of Bi-Molecular 2D Spin Lattices of M(II,III) Phthalocyanines on Au(111)

Single layer low-dimensional materials are presently of emerging interest, including in the context of magnetism. In the present report, on-surface supramolecular architecturing was further developed and employed to create surface supported two-dimensional binary spin arrays on atomically clean non-magnetic Au(111). By chemical programming of the modules, different checkerboards were produced combining phthalocyanines containing metals of different oxidation and spin states, diamagnetic zinc, and a metal-free 'spacer'. In an in-depth, spectro-microscopy and theoretical account, we correlate the structure and the magnetic properties of these tunable systems and discuss the emergence of 2D Kondo magnetism from the spin-bearing components and via the physico-chemical bonding to the underlying substrate. The contributions of the individual elements, as well as the role of the electronic surface state in the bottom substrate, are discussed, also looking towards further in-depth investigations

Система тестового оцінювання знань студентів на прикладі вивчення дисципліни «Електротехніка»

UK: В роботі педагогічно обґрунтовано створення тестових завдань з електротехніки, обговорена точність оцінювання знань навчання, трудомісткість навчання та тестування, наведено перелік тестових компонентів в окремих видах навчання. EN: In work is pedagogically motivated making the test tasks on electrical engineer, is discussed accuracy of a sizing knowledge’s when learning, labour content of the education and testing, is brought list test component in separate type of the education

Экспериментальное исследование вольтамперных характеристик аналога лямбда-диода на биополярных транзисторах

В ряде электронных устройств находит применение аналог лямбда-диода, собранный на комплементарной паре полевых транзисторов с управляемым p-n переходом . Однако, наряду с преимуществами такого схемного решения – простотой и экономичностью, ему присущи и недостатки – ограниченный выбор полевых транзисторов, необходимость индивидуального подбора транзисторов комплементарной пары, чувствительность полевых транзисторов к статическому электричеству. Указанных недостатков лишен аналог лямбда-диода, выполненный на биполярных транзисторах

Опис до патенту на корисну модель № 125009 "Пристрій для перетворення повітряних потоків в електричну енергію"

Пристрій для перетворення повітряних потоків в електричну енергію містить вітроелектричну комірку, аеродинамічний профіль. На вхідній кромці профілю розташована іонізуюча речовина та неодимові магніти, а на бокових поверхнях профілю розташовані струмознімаючі пластин