5 research outputs found

    Information des couples et diagnostic prénatal d'une malformation cérébrale à pronostic incertain : analyse des pratiques

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    National audienceFetal ultrasounds (FU) allow identification of brain malformations; announce of diagnosis and information about prognosis may be difficult when malformation is rare and prognosis uncertain. The aim of this study was to analyze how imaging for prenatal screening is organized and how couples are managed and supported. We concentrated on the procedures used to inform couples: content, method of delivery and consequences. Study amongst large multidisciplinary centers in Paris and the Paris region, by semi-directed interviews using a questionnaire. We showed that it is difficult to standardize the way in which information is supplied before and after the FU; pediatricians (neuropediatrician) are not systematically involved in providing information; uncertainty about prognosis leads more often to abortion. There is a need for multidisciplinary teams including pediatricians to inform, support parents, and to accompany their decision concerning pregnancy

    Les politiques de la Terreur

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    PrĂšs de vingt ans aprĂšs le Bicentenaire de la RĂ©volution française, l’intĂ©rĂȘt des historiens pour ce moment majeur de notre histoire nationale ne faiblit pas, loin s’en faut, ce que ne cessent de prouver les nouvelles recherches ouvertes. Tout au plus, peut-on observer qu’un certain nombre de polĂ©miques se sont attĂ©nuĂ©es, mĂȘme si leurs objets demeurent. Parmi ceux-ci, la Terreur, temps fort de la RĂ©volution, a bien sĂ»r Ă©tĂ© sujette Ă  des interprĂ©tations historiographiques souvent conflictuelles, ainsi qu’à des dĂ©finitions opposĂ©es, tant Ă  propos de sa nature et de ses logiques que pour son cadre chronologique. Les Actes de ce colloque, tenu Ă  l’UniversitĂ© de Rouen en janvier 2007, entendent Ă©voquer un « temps » de la Terreur compris dans sa version la plus usuelle, c’est-Ă -dire s’ouvrant en 1793 (avec des prĂ©mices dĂšs le printemps) et s’achevant dans l’étĂ© 1794 pour laisser place Ă  d’autres violences politiques, parfois appuyĂ©es sur des rouages identiques mais dĂ©sormais utilisĂ©s Ă  d’autres fins. S’ouvrant largement Ă  des travaux rĂ©cents ou en cours, le livre tirĂ© de ce colloque propose une rĂ©flexion collective non pas sur « la politique de la Terreur », comme on a pu l’écrire, mais sur « les politiques » mises en Ɠuvre au « temps de la Terreur ». En effet, loin d’évoquer cette pĂ©riode par le seul usage de la rĂ©pression et des violences, ou bien d’en faire une sorte d’épisode politique dĂ©contextualisĂ© et perçu comme consubstantiel Ă  la RĂ©volution, voire Ă  toute rĂ©volution, cette rencontre a portĂ© sur quatre thĂšmes successifs (les rouages de la Terreur ; violences et justice ; institutions et politiques Ă©conomiques, politiques sociales ; vie culturelle et religieuse) destinĂ©s Ă  nous faire mieux comprendre les rĂ©alitĂ©s multiformes de ce moment chronologique prĂ©cis et fondamental de la RĂ©volution française. De ces rĂ©alitĂ©s, oĂč le poids de la guerre, sous toutes ses formes, joue bien sĂ»r un rĂŽle dĂ©cisif, la toile reprĂ©sentant un « Ă©lĂšve de l’école de Mars » - crĂ©Ă©e en l’an II dans la capitale pour former les futurs cadres citoyens de l’armĂ©e rĂ©publicaine - est une illustration toute symbolique, oĂč se cĂŽtoient le genre acadĂ©mique et deux objets essentiels de la « rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration » chĂšre aux hommes de l’an II : le bonnet phrygien et le glaive

    The large inner Micromegas modules for the Atlas Muon Spectrometer upgrade: Construction, quality control and characterization

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    International audienceThe steadily increasing luminosity of the LHC requires an upgrade with high-rate and high-resolution detector technology for the inner end cap of the ATLAS muon spectrometer: the New Small Wheels (NSW). In order to achieve the goal of precision tracking at a hit rate of about 15 kHz/cm2 at the inner radius of the NSW, large area Micromegas quadruplets with 100”m spatial resolution per plane have been produced. IRFU, from the CEA research center of Saclay, is responsible for the production and validation of LM1 Micromegas modules. The construction, production, qualification and validation of the largest Micromegas detectors ever built are reported here. Performance results under cosmic muon characterization will also be discussed

    High Risk of Anal and Rectal Cancer in Patients With Anal and/or Perianal Crohn’s Disease

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    International audienceBackground & AimsLittle is known about the magnitude of the risk of anal and rectal cancer in patients with anal and/or perineal Crohn’s disease. We aimed to assess the risk of anal and rectal cancer in patients with Crohn’s perianal disease followed up in the Cancers Et Surrisque AssociĂ© aux Maladies Inflammatoires Intestinales En France (CESAME) cohort.MethodsWe collected data from 19,486 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) enrolled in the observational CESAME study in France, from May 2004 through June 2005; 14.9% of participants had past or current anal and/or perianal Crohn’s disease. Subjects were followed up for a median time of 35 months (interquartile range, 29–40 mo). To identify risk factors for anal cancer in the total CESAME population, we performed a case-control study in which participants were matched for age and sex.ResultsAmong the total IBD population, 8 patients developed anal cancer and 14 patients developed rectal cancer. In the subgroup of 2911 patients with past or current anal and/or perianal Crohn’s lesions at cohort entry, 2 developed anal squamous-cell carcinoma, 3 developed perianal fistula–related adenocarcinoma, and 6 developed rectal cancer. The corresponding incidence rates were 0.26 per 1000 patient-years for anal squamous-cell carcinoma, 0.38 per 1000 patient-years for perianal fistula–related adenocarcinoma, and 0.77 per 1000 patient-years for rectal cancer. Among the 16,575 patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease without anal or perianal lesions, the incidence rate of anal cancer was 0.08 per 1000 patient-years and of rectal cancer was 0.21 per 1000 patient-years. Among factors tested by univariate conditional regression (IBD subtype, disease duration, exposure to immune-suppressive therapy, presence of past or current anal and/or perianal lesions), the presence of past or current anal and/or perianal lesions at cohort entry was the only factor significantly associated with development of anal cancer (odds ratio, 11.2; 95% CI, 1.18-551.51; P = .03).ConclusionsIn an analysis of data from the CESAME cohort in France, patients with anal and/or perianal Crohn’s disease have a high risk of anal cancer, including perianal fistula–related cancer, and a high risk of rectal cancer

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