Control and prevention of antibiotic residues and contaminants in sheep and goat s milk

[EN] The use of veterinary drugs to treat mastitis and other pathologies in dairy sheep and goats is a usualpractice in current production systems. The risk of antibiotic residues in milk on farms is high if goodfarming practices are not applied, in this sense control measures must be implemented to prevent drugresidues from entering the food chain. Moreover there are other compounds that may contaminate milkvia the environment, water or animal feed, such as mycotoxins that are one of the most harmful contam-inants given their negative effects on consumer health. This work presents the problems that arise whenresidues and contaminants are present in sheep and goat s milk. It also addresses the causes and theconsequences of their presence, and the main measures of prevention and control required to guaranteemilk that is safe for consumers and of high quality for the dairy industry.Berruga Fernandez, MI.; Molina Casanova, AM.; Althaus, RL.; Molina Pons, MP. (2016). Control and prevention of antibiotic residues and contaminants in sheep and goat s milk. Small Ruminant Research. 142:38-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.02.023S384314

Aflatoxin M1 in the intermediate dairy products from Manchego cheese production: distribution and stability

[EN] Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1 ) distribution in curd, whey, Manchego cheese, the traditional Spanish whey cheese Requesón and Requesón whey, and its stability during two different cold treatments, have been studied. Raw ewe¿s milk was artificially contaminated with AFM1 in a final concentration of 50 and 100 ng kg-1, and was used to produce Manchego cheese. AFM1 determinations were carried out by HPLC with fluorimetric detection after immunoaffinity clean-up. The mean AFM1 concentrations in the produced curd and Manchego cheese were approximately 2- and 3-fold higher than the initial milk they were made from, and the levels of this toxin remaining in whey were 42.3 % and 51.3 % of the initial concentrations. In the Requesón samples, the mean AFM1 values were 1.7 times higher than those in the corresponding whey, while 33.7 % and 44.4 % of the AFM1 concentration detected in milk also appeared in the Requesón whey. Short refrigeration and freezing periods did not affect the toxin levels in either curd or Requesón samples. When ewe¿s milk destined for Manchego cheese-making is AFM1 -contaminated at the EU limit level (50 ng kg-1) or double, a concentration of this toxin will appear in the manufactured products, but values will be considerably below the toxic doses (Tolerable Daily Intake = 2 ng kg-1 body weight per day), which poses a human health problem.Rubio, R.; Moya Salvador, VJ.; Berruga Fernandez, MI.; Molina Pons, MP.; Molina Casanova, A. (2011). Aflatoxin M1 in the intermediate dairy products from Manchego cheese production: distribution and stability. Mljekarstvo. 61(4):283-290. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/90949S28329061

Characterization of two Achromobacter xylosoxidans isolates from patients with pertussis-like symptoms

[email protected]: To characterize two Achromobacter xylosoxidans recovered from 2 patients diagnosed with pertussis during a Bordetella pertussis surveillance program. Methods: Nasopharyngeal swabs from 2 children under 1 year of age with clinical suspicion of pertussis were analyzed by culture and PCR. Results: Two Achromobacter xylosoxidans A8, closely related to Bordetella spp. were recovered from 2 patients diagnosed of pertussis, both carrying the ptxA gene and IS418 the pertussis toxin encoding gene. Subsequently, antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by disk-diffusion method and by PCR. Conclusions: Although more detailed studies are needed, the present data highlight the possibility that Achromobacter xylosoxidans, closely related Bordetella pertussis microorganisms and not covered under the vaccine umbrella, might also result in cases of whooping cough. Thereby further surveillance is necessary to determine the extension and relevance of their pathogenic role in order to discriminate their real public health implication.This work has been supported by Sanofi Aventis del Peru. JR has a fellowship from the program I3, of the ISCIII (grant number: CES11/012), CG has a PhD fellowship of the ISCIII (FI12/00561). MJP has a fellowship from CONCYTEC/FONDECYT.Revisión por pare

Characterization of two Achromobacter xylosoxidans isolates from patients with pertussis-like symptoms

OBJECTIVE: To characterize two Achromobacter xylosoxidans recovered from 2 patients diagnosed with pertussis during a Bordetella pertussis surveillance program. METHODS: Nasopharyngeal swabs from 2 children under 1 year of age with clinical suspicion of pertussis were analyzed by culture and PCR. RESULTS: Two Achromobacter xylosoxidans A8, closely related to Bordetella spp. were recovered from 2 patients diagnosed of pertussis, both carrying the ptxA gene and IS418 the pertussis toxin encoding gene. Subsequently, antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by disk-diffusion method and by PCR. CONCLUSIONS: Although more detailed studies are needed, the present data highlight the possibility that Achromobacter xylosoxidans, closely related Bordetella pertusssis microorganisms and not covered under the vaccine umbrella, might also result in cases of whooping cough. Thereby further surveillance is necessary to determine the extension and relevance of their pathogenic role in order to discriminate their real public health implication

Resposta dels Serveis Socials de la Mancomunitat del Pla de Mallorca a les persones grans de la Mancomunitat del Pla

El present article efectua un recorregut al llarg de la Mancomunitat del Pla de Mallorca per tal de poder exposar les prestacions i els serveis que té a la seva disposició la nostra gent gran. Cal tenir en compte que la Mancomunitat del Pla de Mallorca és la zona més envellida de la nostra illa: aquesta realitat fa que a l’hora de planificar des dels Serveis Socials Comunitaris, es prioritzi el sector de la gent gran. El 2008 els Serveis Socials Comunitaris de la Mancomunitat del Pla de Mallorca varen implementar el sistema de dependència, la qual cosa ens ha permès realitzar unes reflexions per afrontar el futur amb uns serveis de qualitat i adaptats a la realitat d’una societat en permanent canvi. Aquest fet ha suposat un gran esforç per part de l’equip tècnic del Departament de Serveis Socials Comunitaris, ja que s’ha hagut de reestructurar de bell nou per adaptar-se a aquesta realitat, amb el convenciment de treballar per millorar i apropar els serveis a la ciutadania dels municipis del Pla de Mallorca.El presente artículo efectúa un recorrido a lo largo de la Mancomunitat Pla de Mallorca con el fin de poder exponer las prestaciones y servicios que están a disposición de nuestros mayores. Se tiene que tener en cuenta que la Mancomunitat Pla de Mallorca es la zona más envejecida de nuestra Isla, esta realidad hace que a la hora de planificar desde los servicios sociales comunitarios se priorice el sector de las personas mayores. En el 2008 los servicios sociales comunitarios de la Mancomunitat Pla de Mallorca implementaron el sistema de dependencia, lo cual nos ha permitido realizar unas reflexiones para encarar un futuro con unos servicios de calidad y adaptados a la realidad de una sociedad en permanente cambio. Este hecho ha supuesto un gran esfuerzo por parte del equipo técnico del departamento de servicios sociales comunitarios, ya que se ha tenido que reestructurar de nuevo para adaptarse a esta realidad, con el convencimient

Understanding factors that influence the decision to be vaccinated against influenza and pertussis in pregnancy : A qualitative study

Acord transformatiu CRUE-CSICAims and Objectives: To identify how pregnant women perceive pertussis and influenza and the factors that influence their decision to be vaccinated. Background: Suffering from influenza during pregnancy increases complications in the pregnant woman, foetus and newborn. Pertussis in children under six months of age causes severe complications. Maternal vaccination against influenza and pertussis is effective and safe. However, vaccination rates are insufficient. Design: We conducted a qualitative descriptive study, using semi-structured interviews. This research adheres to the COREQ guidelines and checklist. Methods: We carried out 18 semi-structured face-to-face interviews with pregnant women, using intentional sampling and thematic analysis. Results: We identified an overarching theme, 'factors that influenced participants' decision to be vaccinated or not', which was composed of four subthemes that were in turn made up of 12 categories. The factors that influenced participants' decision to be vaccinated against influenza and pertussis were related to their knowledge of and their perception of risk for these diseases. Participants perceived the risk of pertussis to be greater, and they focused their concern on the newborn. The recommendations and convictions of nurse-midwives were the most important factors encouraging vaccination. Participants trusted their nurse-midwives and most reported that they would have been vaccinated if their midwife had recommended it. Other factors were linked to lack of information, fear and concerns about economic interests. Conclusions: The convictions and actions of the nurse-midwife in recommending vaccination to pregnant women are decisive. Strategies to improve vaccination rates should be directed to helping health professionals understand how their practice affects the final decision of pregnant women. Relevance to clinical practice: Understanding the factors that limit vaccination rates among pregnant women provides valuable information to nurse-midwives that can help to improve vaccination strategies and practices. Increased maternal vaccination rates would reduce morbidity and mortality among pregnant women and newborns

Influenza and Pertussis Maternal Vaccination Coverage and Influencing Factors in Spain : a Study Based on Primary Care Records Registry

The purpose was to determine the coverage of maternal vaccination against influenza and pertussis, and the characteristics associated with being vaccinated, in a health area of Catalonia, Spain. Some 36,032 anonymized and computerized clinical records registries of pregnant women from Primary Care Centres (e-CAP database) were analysed, from between 2015 and 2018. Vaccination coverage and the association with sociodemographic variables and clinical conditions were estimated using a Poisson regression model. Maternal vaccination coverage against influenza ranged between 11.9% in 2015 and 6.8% in 2018, following a decreasing trend (p < 0.001). Coverage with the tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine varied between 49.8% in 2016 and 79.4% in 2018, following an increasing trend (p < 0.001). Having living children and suffering from obesity were factors associated with not being vaccinated against both infections. The predictive variables of vaccination against influenza were diabetes (IRR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.42-3.30) and asthma (IRR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.76-2.38); and for pertussis, it was asthma (IRR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.03-1.17). Different socio-demographic factors and chronic conditions in pregnant women were associated with maternal vaccination, and which will have to be taken into account in clinical practice when implementing strategies to improve the coverage of the programme

Succinyl-CoA Synthetase: New Antigen Candidate of Bartonella bacilliformis

BACKGROUND: Bartonella bacilliformis is the causative agent of Carrion's disease, a neglected illness with mortality rates of 40-85% in the absence of treatment. The lack of a diagnostic technique to overcome misdiagnosis and treat asymptomatic carriers is of note. This study aimed to identify new B. bacilliformis antigenic candidates that could lead to a new diagnostic tool able to be implemented in endemic rural areas. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Blood (n = 198) and serum (n = 177) samples were collected in northern Peru. Clinical data were recorded. Specific 16S rRNA amplification by RT-PCR, IFA and ELISA for IgM/IgG with whole cells as antigens was done. Western blot analysis and N-terminal amino acid sequencing detected seroreactive proteins. ELISAs for IgM/IgG for the antigenic candidates were performed. Of the population 33.3% reported at least one symptom compatible with Carrion's disease; 25.4% (IFA), 27.1% (ELISA-IgG), 33.9% (ELISA-IgM) and 38.9% (RT-PCR) of samples were positive. Four proteins were considered potential antigenic candidates, including two new antigenic candidates, succinyl-CoA synthetase subunit alpha (SCS-alpha) and succinyl-CoA synthetase subunit beta (SCS-beta). On Western blot both Pap31 and SCS-alpha interacted with IgM, while GroEL and SCS-beta interacted with IgG. The presence of specific antibodies against the antigenic candidates varied from 34.5% (IgG against SCS-alpha) to 97.2% (IgM against Pap31). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: RT-PCR and the high levels of positivity for specific ELISAs demonstrate high levels of B. bacilliformis exposure and asymptomatic carriers among inhabitants. The new antigens identified might be used as a new rapid diagnostic tool to diagnose acute Carrion's disease and identify asymptomatic carriers