Les atlas des paysages de Wallonie

En réponse à la Convention européenne des paysages, la Wallonie en Belgique a entamé des travaux de caractérisation des paysages à travers notamment l’élaboration d’une collection d’atlas qui devront à terme couvrir toute la région. Le présent article expose dans les grandes lignes la manière dont ces atlas sont élaborés et en quoi ils peuvent servir d’outil de sensibilisation. En plus de la méthodologie générale qui précise l’approche pluridisciplinaire, un focus est établi sur la perception des paysages par les acteurs locaux. Nous présentons les éléments paysagers auxquels les observateurs sont les plus attachés. Il apparaît ainsi qu’un paysage apprécié est choisi parce qu’il relève d’une composition d’attributs alliant autant des aspects physiques, émotionnels et que de lien social. Enfin, la confrontation de l’analyse objective des paysages à celle plus subjective portée par des acteurs clés montre que les atlas sont une voie vers un dialogue entre aménageurs et utilisateurs du paysage.In response to the European convention on landscapes, the region of Wallonia in Belgium has started to characterize its landscapes by producing a collection of atlases that will cover the whole region in the end. This article explains in general how these atlases were elaborated. In addition to the general methodology, which provides a multidisciplinary approach, focus is set on the perception of landscapes by the local stakeholders. Besides its general multi-disciplinary approach, the uniqueness of the method used, is its focus on the perception of landscapes by the stakeholders involved. As a result, the study reveals that a landscape is appreciated not only by its physical appearance but by the combination of physical, emotional and social aspects. The confrontation between the objective landscape analysis and the subjective view of the stakeholders involved proves that these landscape atlases are a means for dialogue between landscape planners and its users

rAAV-Mediated Overexpression of SOX9 and TGF-β via Carbon Dot-Guided Vector Delivery Enhances the Biological Activities in Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Scaffold-assisted gene therapy is a highly promising tool to treat articular cartilage lesions upon direct delivery of chondrogenic candidate sequences. The goal of this study was to examine the feasibility and benefits of providing highly chondroreparative agents, the cartilage-specific sex-determining region Y-type high-mobility group 9 (SOX9) transcription factor or the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), to human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) via clinically adapted, independent recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors formulated with carbon dots (CDs), a novel class of carbon-dominated nanomaterials. Effective complexation and release of a reporter rAAV-lacZ vector was achieved using four different CDs elaborated from 1-citric acid and pentaethylenehexamine (CD-1); 2-citric acid, poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether (MW 550 Da), and N,N-dimethylethylenediamine (CD-2); 3-citric acid, branched poly(ethylenimine) (MW 600 Da), and poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether (MW 2 kDa) (CD-3); and 4-citric acid and branched poly(ethylenimine) (MW 600 Da) (CD-4), allowing for the genetic modification of hMSCs. Among the nanoparticles, CD-2 showed an optimal ability for rAAV delivery (up to 2.2-fold increase in lacZ expression relative to free vector treatment with 100% cell viability for at least 10 days, the longest time point examined). Administration of therapeutic (SOX9, TGF-β) rAAV vectors in hMSCs via CD-2 led to the effective overexpression of each independent transgene, promoting enhanced cell proliferation (TGF-β) and cartilage matrix deposition (glycosaminoglycans, type-II collagen) for at least 21 days relative to control treatments (CD-2 lacking rAAV or associated to rAAV-lacZ), while advantageously restricting undesirable type-I and -X collagen deposition. These results reveal the potential of CD-guided rAAV gene administration in hMSCs as safe, non-invasive systems for translational strategies to enhance cartilage repair

Identification and verification of heat shock protein 60 as a potential serum marker for colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major public health issue worldwide, and novel tumor markers may contribute to its efficient management by helping in early detection, prognosis or surveillance of disease. The aim of our study was to identify new serum biomarkers for CRC, and we followed a phased biomarker discovery and validation process to obtain an accurate preliminary assessment of potential clinical utility. We compared colonic tumors and matched normal tissue from 15 CRC patients, using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE), and identified 17 proteins that had significant differential expression. These results were further confirmed by western blotting for heat shock protein (HSP) 60, glutathione-S-transferase Pi, α-enolase, T-complex protein 1 subunit β, and leukocyte elastase inhibitor, and by immunohistochemistry for HSP60. Using mAbs raised against HSP60, we developed a reliable (precision of 5–15%) and sensitive (0.3 ng·mL−1) immunoassay for the detection of HSP60 in serum. Elevated levels of HSP60 were found in serum from CRC patients in two independent cohorts; the receiver-operating characteristic curve obtained in 112 patients with CRC and 90 healthy controls had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.70, which was identical to the AUC of carcinoembryonic antigen. Combination of serum markers improved clinical performance: the AUC of a three-marker logistic regression model combining HSP60, carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 reached 0.77. Serum HSP60 appeared to be more specific for late-stage CRC; therefore, future studies should evaluate its utility for determining prognosis or monitoring therapy rather than early detection

Concerted changes in N and C primary metabolism in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) under water restriction

Although the mechanisms of nodule N2 fixation in legumes are now well documented, some uncertainty remains on the metabolic consequences of water deficit. In most cases, little consideration is given to other organs and, therefore, the coordinated changes in metabolism in leaves, roots, and nodules are not well known. Here, the effect of water restriction on exclusively N2-fixing alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) plants was investigated, and proteomic, metabolomic, and physiological analyses were carried out. It is shown that the inhibition of nitrogenase activity caused by water restriction was accompanied by concerted alterations in metabolic pathways in nodules, leaves, and roots. The data suggest that nodule metabolism and metabolic exchange between plant organs nearly reached homeostasis in asparagine synthesis and partitioning, as well as the N demand from leaves. Typically, there was (i) a stimulation of the anaplerotic pathway to sustain the provision of C skeletons for amino acid (e.g. glutamate and proline) synthesis; (ii) re-allocation of glycolytic products to alanine and serine/glycine; and (iii) subtle changes in redox metabolites suggesting the implication of a slight oxidative stress. Furthermore, water restriction caused little change in both photosynthetic efficiency and respiratory cost of N2 fixation by nodules. In other words, the results suggest that under water stress, nodule metabolism follows a compromise between physiological imperatives (N demand, oxidative stress) and the lower input to sustain catabolism

Etude du comportement in vitro du champignon endomycorhizogene va glomus mosseae

Notice présente dans BelInra (https://belinra.inra.fr/gestion/catalog.php?categ=isbd&id=91479)il s'agit d'un type de produit dont les métadonnées ne correspondent pas aux métadonnées attendues dans les autres types de produit : DISSERTATIONEtude du comportement in vitro du champignon endomycorhizogene va glomus mossea

Rôle du récepteur PPARa dans l'inflammation des voies aériennes et la réactivité bronchique

L'asthme est caractérisé par une inflammation des voies aériennes, une réponse immunitaire Th2 et une hyperréactivité bronchique. Nos travaux ont analysé le rôle du récepteur nucléaire PPARa dans l'asthme. Nos résultats ont montré une activité anti-inflammatoire de PPARa dans trois modèles d'inflammation des voies aériennes chez la souris : un modèle d'asthme à l'ovalbumine, un modèle d'inflammation induite par les endotoxines (ou LPS) et un modèle d'asthme aggravé par les LPS. Chez la souris sensibilisée et provoquée à l'ovalbumine, nos données ont montré que PPARa diminuait également la réponse immunitaire Th2 à l'allergène tout en augmentant la réponse Th1. Enfin, nos travaux ont mis en évidence un rôle bénéfique de PPARa dans la réactivité bronchique et suggéré que cet effet implique le métabolisme de l'arginine. L'ensemble de ces données pourrait ouvrir des perspectives thérapeutiques dans le domaine des maladies inflammatoires du poumon, dont l'asthmeAsthma is characterized by airway inflammation, Th2 immune response and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Our work analyzed the role of the nuclear receptor PPARa in asthma. Our data demonstrated an anti-inflammatory activity of PPARa in three models of airway inflammation in the mouse: a model of ovalbumin-induced asthma, a model of airway inflammation induced by endotoxins (or LPS) and a model of asthma exacerbated by LPS. In ovalbumin-sensitized and challenged mice, PPARa reduced also the Th2 immune response to allergen, while increasing the Th1 immune response. Finally, our work showed a beneficial role of PPARa in bronchial reactivity and suggested that this effect involves the metabolism of arginine. Taken altogether, these data suggest that PPARa may represent a new therapeutic target in airway inflammatory diseases, such as asthma.STRASBOURG-Sc. et Techniques (674822102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Tabagisme parental (quels risques pour le foetus et l'enfant ?)

STRASBOURG ILLKIRCH-Pharmacie (672182101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Pesticides et santé (Etat actuel des connaissances et risques liés aux familles de produits les plus utilisées en Alsace)

STRASBOURG ILLKIRCH-Pharmacie (672182101) / SudocSudocFranceF